On the Evolution of “Tribal” Social Networks

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 820-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean J. Saitta
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Alternative Strategy ◽  
Social Meaning ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
The Social

Braun and Plog's approach to understanding change in “tribal” social networks is critiqued with respect to (1) certain bridging arguments about the social meaning of particular evidential trends, and (2) certain conceptual biases regarding the nature of “tribal” social relations. Aspects of an alternative strategy for making sense of “tribal” social dynamics are discussed.

scholarly journals Redes Sociais e a Experiência de Formalização de Microempreendedores Individuais

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Emanuele Mantovani ◽  
Marco André Cadoná
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Redes Sociales ◽  
Public Power ◽  
The Social ◽  
Politica Publica ◽  
The Individual

O artigo analisa as dinâmicas sociais que estão presentes na afirmação de trabalhadores enquanto Microempreendedores Individuais (MEIs). Toma-se como referência empírica a experiência de trabalhadores que formalizaram suas ações econômicas a partir da Lei do Microempreendedorismo Individual, criada em 2008 e sancionada em 2009. A análise enfatiza a importância das redes de sociabilidade para a compreensão não só da apropriação da política pública por parte dos trabalhadores, mas também das repercussões da legislação nas práticas dos agentes econômicos, indicando, ao final, que as relações sociais que os indivíduos estabelecem, seja com amigos, familiares, organizações ou poder público, condicionam as possibilidades de integração desses trabalhadores e de promoção da cidadania através da Lei do Microempreendedorismo Individual. Social Networks and the Experience of Formalizing Individual Microentrepreneurs The article analyzes the social dynamics that are present in the affirmation of workers as Individual Microentrepreneurs. Empirical reference is made to the experience of workers who formalized their economic actions based on the Individual Microenterprise Law, created in 2008 and sanctioned in 2009. The analysis emphasizes the importance of networks of sociability for the understanding not only of the appropriation of public policy in the end, that the social relations that individuals establish, whether with friends, family, organizations or public power, condition the possibilities of integration of these workers and promotion of citizenship through the Individual Microentrepreneurship Law. Redes Sociales y la Experiencia de Formalizacion de Microempresarios Individuales El artículo analiza las dinámicas sociales que están presentes en la afirmación de trabajadores como Microemprendedores Individuales (MEI). Se toma como referencia empírica la experiencia de trabajadores que formalizaron sus acciones económicas a partir de la Ley del Microemprendedorismo Individual, creada en 2008 y sancionada en 2009. El análisis enfatiza la importancia de las redes de sociabilidad para la comprensión no sólo de la apropiación de la política pública por parte de los trabajadores, pero también de las repercusiones de la legislación en las prácticas de los agentes económicos, indicando, al final, que las relaciones sociales que los individuos establecen, sea con amigos, familiares, organizaciones o poder público, condicionan las posibilidades de integración de esos trabajadores y de promoción de la ciudadanía a través de la Ley del Microemprendedorismo Individual.

‘It ain’t nothing like America with the Bloods and the Crips’: Gang narratives inside two English prisons

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coretta Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Social Meaning ◽  
Mutual Support ◽  
Narrative Interviews ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The Social ◽  
Male Prisoners

This article explores recent concerns about the emergence of gangs in prisons in England and Wales. Using narrative interviews with male prisoners as part of an ethnographic study of ethnicity and social relations, the social meaning of ‘the gang’ inside prison is interrogated. A formally organized gang presence was categorically denied by prisoners. However, the term ‘gang’ was sometimes elided with loose collectives of prisoners who find mutual support in prison based on a neighbourhood territorial identification. Gangs were also discussed as racialized groups, most often symbolized in the motif of the ‘Muslim gang’. This racializing discourse hinted at an envy of prisoner solidarity and cohesion which upsets the idea of a universal prisoner identity. The broader conceptual, empirical and political implications of these findings are considered.

scholarly journals Use and Appropriation of Virtual Social Networks: Mexico and Spain, a Cross-Cultural Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Salvador Madrigal Moreno ◽  
Jaime Gil Lafuente ◽  
Gerardo Gabriel Alfaro Calderón ◽  
Flor Madrigal Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Cultural Study ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Embryonic Stage ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
A Current

Virtual social networks (VSN) represent a phenomenon that continues reconfiguring the social dynamics. They have gone from the embryonic stage to a stage of maturity where it is observed that the context uses and appropriates those considered useful, giving them the use that seems to fit. Thus, Mexico and Spain contexts have specific characteristics and conditions. The aim of this study is to describe the access and appropriations of VSN, both in Mexico and in Spain and to show the challenges they face. The structure of this research is primarily an introduction to explain social networks as a current media phenomenon to later compare how each context has accessed, used and fitted these social networks into their own contexts. Finally, it will be discussed how Spain and Mexico face their challenges and last how each country treat the social media either as a threat or as an opportunity.

Peer Status of Children with and without Learning Disabilities — A Multimethod Study

1988 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally G. Hoyle ◽  
Felicisima C. Serafica
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Peer Status ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Friendship Formation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Peer Nominations

This study examined the social relations of third-grade children with (LD) and without learning disabilities (nonLD). Two sociometric measures (peer nominations and ratings of “liking”) and a questionnaire on social networks outside of school were employed. Results on the former indicated that LD children were less accepted but not more rejected by peers than nonLD children. Differences were found in the functions and contexts -but not the size or composition - of LD and nonLD children's social networks. To test different hypotheses for LD children's social status, three possible determinants were studied: behavior problems as rated by teachers, conceptions of friendship, and ecological factors. Teachers of LD students did not observe these children to be more disruptive though they rated them as demonstrating more personality problems than nonLD peers. Significant group differences in friendship conceptions were found: the LD group's mean stage score for conceptions of friendship and their mean levels of reasoning about friendship formation and conflict resolution were significantly lower than those of the nonLD controls. Theoretical and methodological implications of the results are discussed.

scholarly journals Standardized Methods of Assessment of Individual’s Social Network in Social Work and Psychological Practice

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Psychological Practice ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Function ◽  
Theoretical Overview

This article is a theoretical overview of the main standardized techniques for assessment of the social relations of the individual. The study of these techniques allows professionals to get the basic information about the microsocial environment of people. Theoretical analysis shows that the study of the social network of an individual involves the analysis of its structure, composition and function of its components. Described and analyzed the most common techniques for assessment of human social networks - "Name generator", "Drawing a social network", "Inventory of Social Network" (K. Bartholomew), "Social Networks Inventory " (Treadwell T. and co.), "Social Network Index "( L. Berkman, S. Syme), "Social Network List" (B. Hirsch, J. Stokes). Separately, the method of drawing up clients structured diary and method network card are shown.

The commodification of mobile phone surveillance: An analysis of the consumer spyware industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diarmaid Harkin ◽  
Adam Molnar ◽  
Erica Vowles
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Partner Abuse ◽  
Intimate Partner Abuse ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Social Meaning ◽  
General Audience ◽  
The Social ◽  
Marketing Messages

This article examines the attempts of ‘spyware’ developers to commodify and market their products to a general audience. While consumers of ‘spyware’ have often been government and law enforcement (Citizen Lab, 2015), there is an increasing attempt to market, sell, and commodify ‘spyware’ for use by wider audiences. ‘Spyware’ is sold as a security product commonly aimed at businesses, parents, and intimate partners. Pursuant to calls for a “sociology of security consumption” (Goold et al., 2010: 3), this article analyzes how nine prominent spyware vendors attribute meaning to their products. Spyware vendors face particularly fraught marketing challenges as the general deployment of spyware: a) is often utilized in forms of intimate partner abuse; b) is “morally troubling” from the perspective of being corrosive to many forms of social relations (Loader et al., 2014: 469); and c) has limited contexts where it could be deployed without violating surveillance laws. More specifically, this article compares the social meaning that vendors attempt to give to spyware and contrasts this with the powers of surveillance provided by the product, the marketing messages that appear to support non-consensual use, and the lack of guidance for non-consenting spyware targets to have recourse with the vendors.

Tourism, Capital, and Place: Towards a Critical Geography of Tourism

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Britton
Keyword(s):  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
Space And Place ◽  
Social Meaning ◽  
Critical Geography ◽  
Travel And Tourism ◽  
The Core ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The Social ◽  
Industrial Complexes

Travel and tourism has become one of the largest industrial complexes and item of consumption in modern Western economies. It is argued here that, to date, geographers studying tourism have done so without fully grasping the fact that tourism is an important avenue of capitalist accumulation. I contend that if this weakness is rectified the geographic analysis of tourism could provide important contributions to contemporary debates in geography. In an attempt to integrate critical theory and political economy into the study of tourism, two themes are developed: the capitalistic nature of most travel and tourism production and consumption; and the contribution of tourism to the analysis of territorial competition and economic restructuring. The core of the argument presented is that the study of tourism assists us to recognise how the social meaning and materiality of space and place is created, and how these representations of place are explicitly incorporated into the accumulation process. To understand how tourism is involved in this, we need a thcorisation that recognises, and unveils, tourism as a capitalistically organised activity driven by the inherent and defining social dynamics of that system, with its attendant production, social, and ideological relations.

scholarly journals Wasted lives

2003 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Fullagar
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Youth Suicide ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Expression Of Emotion ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Research And Policy

Youth suicide is a specific gesture of waste, a throwing away of the gift, and thus it embodies a powerful statement about young people's refusal to live. In this article I suggest that it is a refusal to engage with, and be sustained by, the particular economies of value, morality and meaning that govern identity within contemporary cultural life. From a post-structuralist perspective the metaphors through which suicide comes to be known are examined via indepth interviews conducted with young people ( n = 41) as part of a larger study also involving adults/professionals ( n = 40) within urban and regional communities. Shame figures predominantly in young people's accounts of suicidal experiences and the everyday social relations that govern the expression of emotion. In contrast to the positivist bent of much suicide research and policy, this article argues for the necessity of understanding the social dynamics of shame in relation to the forces of affect that constitute the emergent subjectivities of young people.

Relationships between the Social Networks of Swedish Mothers and Their Children

1985 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Marie Tietjen
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Single Mothers ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Secure Base ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
The Social ◽  
Married Mothers ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Networks Of Support

In a sample of seventy-two Swedish mothers and their children, significant relationships between characteristics of mothers' social networks and those of their children were found. The nature and strength of the relationship varied with the marital status of the mother and the sex of the child. The greatest similarity, or isomorphism, was found between the networks of married mothers and their daughters. The greatest dissimilarity was found between single mothers and their sons. The findings suggest that the nature and degree of mothers' involvement in their own networks of support and exchange may have both facilitative and inhibitive influences on the social relations of their children. Processes suggested by the data by which mothers' network involvement may influence their children's networks include modelling, teaching, sanctioning, providing opportunities, and providing a secure base.

scholarly journals The scaling of social interactions across animal species

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis E. C. Rocha ◽  
Jan Ryckebusch ◽  
Koen Schoors ◽  
Matthew Smith
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
The Social

AbstractSocial animals self-organise to create groups to increase protection against predators and productivity. One-to-one interactions are the building blocks of these emergent social structures and may correspond to friendship, grooming, communication, among other social relations. These structures should be robust to failures and provide efficient communication to compensate the costs of forming and maintaining the social contacts but the specific purpose of each social interaction regulates the evolution of the respective social networks. We collate 611 animal social networks and show that the number of social contacts E scales with group size N as a super-linear power-law $$E=CN^\beta$$ E = C N β for various species of animals, including humans, other mammals and non-mammals. We identify that the power-law exponent $$\beta$$ β varies according to the social function of the interactions as $$\beta = 1+a/4$$ β = 1 + a / 4 , with $$a \approx {1,2,3,4}$$ a ≈ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 . By fitting a multi-layer model to our data, we observe that the cost to cross social groups also varies according to social function. Relatively low costs are observed for physical contact, grooming and group membership which lead to small groups with high and constant social clustering. Offline friendship has similar patterns while online friendship shows weak social structures. The intermediate case of spatial proximity (with $$\beta =1.5$$ β = 1.5 and clustering dependency on network size quantitatively similar to friendship) suggests that proximity interactions may be as relevant for the spread of infectious diseases as for social processes like friendship.

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