Peer Status of Children with and without Learning Disabilities — A Multimethod Study

1988 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally G. Hoyle ◽  
Felicisima C. Serafica
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Peer Status ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Friendship Formation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Peer Nominations

This study examined the social relations of third-grade children with (LD) and without learning disabilities (nonLD). Two sociometric measures (peer nominations and ratings of “liking”) and a questionnaire on social networks outside of school were employed. Results on the former indicated that LD children were less accepted but not more rejected by peers than nonLD children. Differences were found in the functions and contexts -but not the size or composition - of LD and nonLD children's social networks. To test different hypotheses for LD children's social status, three possible determinants were studied: behavior problems as rated by teachers, conceptions of friendship, and ecological factors. Teachers of LD students did not observe these children to be more disruptive though they rated them as demonstrating more personality problems than nonLD peers. Significant group differences in friendship conceptions were found: the LD group's mean stage score for conceptions of friendship and their mean levels of reasoning about friendship formation and conflict resolution were significantly lower than those of the nonLD controls. Theoretical and methodological implications of the results are discussed.

A description and illustration of the Triadic Relations Model: Who perceives whom as bullying whom?

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel A. Card ◽  
Philip C. Rodkin ◽  
Claire F. Garandeau
Keyword(s):  
Peer Relations ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Fourth Grade ◽  
Social Relations Model ◽  
Interpersonal Behaviors ◽  
The Social ◽  
Peer Nominations ◽  
Dyadic Variables

Analyses of children’s peer relations have recently begun considering interpersonal behaviors and perceptions from the perspective of the Social Relations Model. An extension of this model, the Triadic Relations Model (TRM), allows for consideration and analysis of more complex three-person data to understand triadic processes; separate individual, dyadic, and triadic variance; and model co-occurrences among dyadic phenomena. The goal of this article is to provide a didactic introduction to the TRM and its potential for studying peer relations. The TRM is applied to data from nine classes (N = 162) of third and fourth grade boys and girls involving perceptions (peer nominations) of actors’ (aggressors’) behavior toward partners (victims). We report and illustrate interpretation of 7 variance and 16 covariance estimates from this TRM analysis of who perceives whom as bullying whom. In particular, triadic analyses revealed a tendency for children to perceive others as sharing the same aggressors and the same targets for aggression as themselves. We discuss implications of findings for studying aggression, as well as extensions of this model, such as incorporating multiple constructs or connecting the TRM estimates with individual and dyadic variables, and challenges of using the TRM.

Interpersonal Perception of Skill Efficacy and Behavioral Control of Adolescents with Learning Disabilities: A Social Relations Approach

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stan Scarpati ◽  
Thomas E. Malloy ◽  
Richard Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Interpersonal Perception ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Social Knowledge ◽  
Academic Learning ◽  
Social Relations Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
Analyze Data

A social relations approach was used to examine the way adolescents with learning disabilities (LD) rate their own and their peers' attributions toward skill efficacy and behavioral self-control in mainstream public school placements. LD students were analyzed while both viewers and active participants in the social context of academic learning. This approach is in contrast to paradigms where children are asked to report on their interpretations of factors that covary with the occurrence of a personal or situational event. The Social Relations Model was used to gather and analyze data in a round-robin fashion across perceivers and targets. Results indicated that LD students viewed themselves individually as less skilled than they viewed their LD peers as a group. This finding is contrary to data derived with typical populations of children and adults. The Social Relations Model is presented as a useful way to research how individuals with learning disabilities develop social knowledge while engaged with their peers and teachers in a natural learning environment.

scholarly journals Standardized Methods of Assessment of Individual’s Social Network in Social Work and Psychological Practice

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Psychological Practice ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Function ◽  
Theoretical Overview

This article is a theoretical overview of the main standardized techniques for assessment of the social relations of the individual. The study of these techniques allows professionals to get the basic information about the microsocial environment of people. Theoretical analysis shows that the study of the social network of an individual involves the analysis of its structure, composition and function of its components. Described and analyzed the most common techniques for assessment of human social networks - "Name generator", "Drawing a social network", "Inventory of Social Network" (K. Bartholomew), "Social Networks Inventory " (Treadwell T. and co.), "Social Network Index "( L. Berkman, S. Syme), "Social Network List" (B. Hirsch, J. Stokes). Separately, the method of drawing up clients structured diary and method network card are shown.

scholarly journals Redes Sociais e a Experiência de Formalização de Microempreendedores Individuais

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Emanuele Mantovani ◽  
Marco André Cadoná
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Redes Sociales ◽  
Public Power ◽  
The Social ◽  
Politica Publica ◽  
The Individual

O artigo analisa as dinâmicas sociais que estão presentes na afirmação de trabalhadores enquanto Microempreendedores Individuais (MEIs). Toma-se como referência empírica a experiência de trabalhadores que formalizaram suas ações econômicas a partir da Lei do Microempreendedorismo Individual, criada em 2008 e sancionada em 2009. A análise enfatiza a importância das redes de sociabilidade para a compreensão não só da apropriação da política pública por parte dos trabalhadores, mas também das repercussões da legislação nas práticas dos agentes econômicos, indicando, ao final, que as relações sociais que os indivíduos estabelecem, seja com amigos, familiares, organizações ou poder público, condicionam as possibilidades de integração desses trabalhadores e de promoção da cidadania através da Lei do Microempreendedorismo Individual. Social Networks and the Experience of Formalizing Individual Microentrepreneurs The article analyzes the social dynamics that are present in the affirmation of workers as Individual Microentrepreneurs. Empirical reference is made to the experience of workers who formalized their economic actions based on the Individual Microenterprise Law, created in 2008 and sanctioned in 2009. The analysis emphasizes the importance of networks of sociability for the understanding not only of the appropriation of public policy in the end, that the social relations that individuals establish, whether with friends, family, organizations or public power, condition the possibilities of integration of these workers and promotion of citizenship through the Individual Microentrepreneurship Law. Redes Sociales y la Experiencia de Formalizacion de Microempresarios Individuales El artículo analiza las dinámicas sociales que están presentes en la afirmación de trabajadores como Microemprendedores Individuales (MEI). Se toma como referencia empírica la experiencia de trabajadores que formalizaron sus acciones económicas a partir de la Ley del Microemprendedorismo Individual, creada en 2008 y sancionada en 2009. El análisis enfatiza la importancia de las redes de sociabilidad para la comprensión no sólo de la apropiación de la política pública por parte de los trabajadores, pero también de las repercusiones de la legislación en las prácticas de los agentes económicos, indicando, al final, que las relaciones sociales que los individuos establecen, sea con amigos, familiares, organizaciones o poder público, condicionan las posibilidades de integración de esos trabajadores y de promoción de la ciudadanía a través de la Ley del Microemprendedorismo Individual.

Relationships between the Social Networks of Swedish Mothers and Their Children

1985 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Marie Tietjen
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Single Mothers ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Secure Base ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
The Social ◽  
Married Mothers ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Networks Of Support

In a sample of seventy-two Swedish mothers and their children, significant relationships between characteristics of mothers' social networks and those of their children were found. The nature and strength of the relationship varied with the marital status of the mother and the sex of the child. The greatest similarity, or isomorphism, was found between the networks of married mothers and their daughters. The greatest dissimilarity was found between single mothers and their sons. The findings suggest that the nature and degree of mothers' involvement in their own networks of support and exchange may have both facilitative and inhibitive influences on the social relations of their children. Processes suggested by the data by which mothers' network involvement may influence their children's networks include modelling, teaching, sanctioning, providing opportunities, and providing a secure base.

scholarly journals The scaling of social interactions across animal species

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis E. C. Rocha ◽  
Jan Ryckebusch ◽  
Koen Schoors ◽  
Matthew Smith
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
The Social

AbstractSocial animals self-organise to create groups to increase protection against predators and productivity. One-to-one interactions are the building blocks of these emergent social structures and may correspond to friendship, grooming, communication, among other social relations. These structures should be robust to failures and provide efficient communication to compensate the costs of forming and maintaining the social contacts but the specific purpose of each social interaction regulates the evolution of the respective social networks. We collate 611 animal social networks and show that the number of social contacts E scales with group size N as a super-linear power-law $$E=CN^\beta$$ E = C N β for various species of animals, including humans, other mammals and non-mammals. We identify that the power-law exponent $$\beta$$ β varies according to the social function of the interactions as $$\beta = 1+a/4$$ β = 1 + a / 4 , with $$a \approx {1,2,3,4}$$ a ≈ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 . By fitting a multi-layer model to our data, we observe that the cost to cross social groups also varies according to social function. Relatively low costs are observed for physical contact, grooming and group membership which lead to small groups with high and constant social clustering. Offline friendship has similar patterns while online friendship shows weak social structures. The intermediate case of spatial proximity (with $$\beta =1.5$$ β = 1.5 and clustering dependency on network size quantitatively similar to friendship) suggests that proximity interactions may be as relevant for the spread of infectious diseases as for social processes like friendship.

scholarly journals Friends in Sports: Social Networks in Leisure, School and Social Media

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6197
Author(s):  
Håvard Bergesen Dalen ◽  
Ørnulf Seippel
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Social Mechanisms ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Exercise Frequency ◽  
School Networks ◽  
Exponential Random Graph ◽  
The Social

Young athletes value their social relations in sports, and these social relations can have consequences when it comes to joining, continuing, and quitting sports. Yet the important question of how social relations in sports develop has not yet been adequately answered. Hence, we investigated how athletes’ social relations in sports depend on social relations outside of sports: in leisure, school, and social media. A total of 387 athletes (aged 16–19) from 30 Norwegian sports groups completed a survey on electronic tablets. We asked how social relations in leisure, school, and social media—through the social mechanisms of contact, homophily, and contagion—influenced social relations in sports. We also controlled for the effect of exercise frequency and duration (years) of contact in sports. Exponential random graph modelling (ERGM) analyses showed that first and foremost, relations from social media and leisure, but also school networks and exercise frequency, influence sports networks. This study shows that social relations in sports are diverse and depend on social relations outside sports. We discuss how this has ‘counterintuitive’ consequences for sports participation, particularly the importance of supporting athletes’ social relations outside of sports for the strengthening of social relations within sports when addressing challenges concerning recruitment, continuation, and dropout from sports.

scholarly journals Social Ties and Network Structure

Management ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana Ansari ◽  
Dalhia Mani
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Collaboration Network ◽  
Management Journal ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
The Social

The field of social networks focuses on the relationships among social actors, and on patterns that emerge from the structure of the social network and its implications (Wasserman and Faust’s Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications). Social network research argues that actors (e.g., individuals or firms) are embedded within a network of relations, and that their behavior and choices cannot be studied independent of the social relations that shape and structure behavior. Social network perspective views relations among the social actors as ties and regular patterns in relationship as structure. Ties are the relational linkages that allow flow of resources between the actors, both tangible and intangible. Multiple actors form a web of relational ties, which can be either economic, social, or political. Networks can be of different types based on the content of the relational tie between the actors. For instance, collaboration ties between actors make a collaboration network or a co-author relation between actors makes a co-authorship network. Networks can also be at different levels of analysis—for instance, an intraorganizational friendship network is at the level of individuals while a network of intercountry trade relations is at the level of country. Ties between actors can be of different strengths (for instance, friends who meet daily versus once a year) and can also be negative or positive ties (e.g., competition networks versus collaboration networks). This article summarizes the latest research on social ties and network structure by focusing on the main thematic discussions in the field: (1) networks and strategic, governance behavior; (2) workplace networks; (3) collaboration and knowledge networks; (4) networks, personality, and individual differences; (5) entrepreneurial and family business networks; and (6) networks and social media. To ensure a comprehensive review of the topic, the article used search keywords, “networks,” or “network structure,” or “social networks,” or “social ties,” and was limited to articles in the top fourteen management journals, namely: Academy of Management Journal, Strategic Management Journal, Organization Science, Management Science, American Journal of Sociology, American Sociological Review, Administrative Science Quarterly, Academy of Management Review, Journal of Management Studies, Journal of Business Venturing, and Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. The search was further limited to the six-year period from 2014–2019, since previous articles on organizational networks and brokerage in Oxford Bibliographies have summarized the research in this domain prior to 2014.

scholarly journals Y, si piden por la radio es porque algún defecto tienen. El valor de las redes en el mundo laboral de los trabajadores rurales temporarios

ILUMINURAS ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (27) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariela Blanco ◽  
Dora Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Redes Sociales ◽  
Rural Workers ◽  
Network Concept ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

En este trabajo se busca analizar los diferentes lazos que utilizan los distintos trabajadores para construir su intermitente inserción laboral en el mercado de trabajo rural. El concepto de red resulta útil para el estudio de relaciones sociales que tienen la particularidad de ser dinámicas, intermitentes y no necesariamente limitadas a un tiempo, una dirección o un espacio. Desde este punto de vista podemos privilegiar la mirada sobre las relaciones sociales más que sobre las características particulares de los individuos y de su posición en la sociedad en su conjunto.Sobre la base de un trabajo de campo realizado en el Valle de Uco (Mendoza, Argentina) observamos que las distintas redes nos ayudan a explicar las relaciones sociales desplegadas en el mundo del trabajo.Palabras claves: Trabajadores temporarios. Relaciones sociales. Redes sociales. Y, si piden por la radio es porque algún defecto tienen. The importance of the social networks in the world of temporary rural workers. Abstract This paper seeks to analyze different links used by temporary rural workers to build their employability. The network concept is useful to study social relations that have the particularity of being dynamic, intermittent and not necessarily limited to one time, address or space. From this point of view we favor the use of a social relations perspective, rather than one based on the particular characteristics of individuals and their position in the society as a whole.Based on fieldwork conducted in the Valle de Uco (Mendoza, Argentina), we find that networks help to explain social relations unfolded in the world of labor.Keywords: Temporary rural workers. Social relations. Social network.

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