Automatic Classification of Inspectional Categories: Multivariate Theories of Archaeological Data

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Benfer ◽  
Alice N. Benfer
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Classification ◽  
Multivariate Methods ◽  
Multivariate Models ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Classification Schemes ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Classificatory System

The application of extremely complex multivariate models of classification to subjective inspectional methods of categorization is analyzed in detail, with the widely used Texas system of dart point typology as a case study. The history of the development of the Texas dart point typological system is sketched. An attempt by Gunn and Prewitt (1975) to objectify the classificatory system by multivariate methods is criticized. The techniques applied were too idiosyncratic to the particular data set used to be of predictive value. Discriminant function and multivariate classification analysis are discussed in detail, emphasizing simple geometrical examples by which the major principles may be grasped. Suggestions for improvement are offered for those who wish to follow Gunn and Prewitt in constructing automatic classification schemes.

scholarly journals Multitemporal–Multispectral UAS Surveys for Archaeological Research: The Case Study of San Vincenzo Al Volturno (Molise, Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2719
Author(s):  
Nicodemo Abate ◽  
Alessia Frisetti ◽  
Federico Marazzi ◽  
Nicola Masini ◽  
Rosa Lasaponara
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Medieval Art ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Low Altitude

Unmanned aerial vehicles are currently the most used solution for cultural heritage in the field of close range and low altitude acquisitions. This work shows data acquired by multitemporal and multispectral aerial surveys in the archaeological site of San Vincenzo al Volturno (Molise, Italy). The site is one of the most important medieval archaeological sites in the world. It is a monastic settlement that was particularly rich during the early Middle Ages, and is famous for its two full-frescoed crypts which represent a milestone in the history of medieval art. Thanks to the use of multispectral aerial photography at different times of the year, an area not accessible to archaeological excavation has been investigated. To avoid redundancy of information and reduce the number of data to be analysed, a method based on spectral and radiometric enhancement techniques combined with a selective principal component analysis was used for the identification of useful information. The combination of already published archaeological data and new remote sensing discoveries, has allowed to better define the situation of the abbey during the building phases of the 8th/9th century and 11th century, confirming and adding new data to the assumptions made by archaeologists.

scholarly journals Neither a Novel Tau Proteinopathy nor an Expansion of a Phenotype: Reappraising Clinicopathology-Based Nosology

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7292
Author(s):  
Luca Marsili ◽  
Jennifer Sharma ◽  
Alberto J. Espay ◽  
Alice Migazzi ◽  
Elhusseini Abdelghany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type ◽  
Niemann Pick Disease ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Heterozygous Variant ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ataxia Syndrome ◽  
Niemann Pick

The gold standard for classification of neurodegenerative diseases is postmortem histopathology; however, the diagnostic odyssey of this case challenges such a clinicopathologic model. We evaluated a 60-year-old woman with a 7-year history of a progressive dystonia–ataxia syndrome with supranuclear gaze palsy, suspected to represent Niemann–Pick disease Type C. Postmortem evaluation unexpectedly demonstrated neurodegeneration with 4-repeat tau deposition in a distribution diagnostic of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Whole-exome sequencing revealed a new heterozygous variant in TGM6, associated with spinocerebellar ataxia type 35 (SCA35). This novel TGM6 variant reduced transglutaminase activity in vitro, suggesting it was pathogenic. This case could be interpreted as expanding: (1) the PSP phenotype to include a spinocerebellar variant; (2) SCA35 as a tau proteinopathy; or (3) TGM6 as a novel genetic variant underlying a SCA35 phenotype with PSP pathology. None of these interpretations seem adequate. We instead hypothesize that impairment in the crosslinking of tau by the TGM6-encoded transglutaminase enzyme may compromise tau functionally and structurally, leading to its aggregation in a pattern currently classified as PSP. The lessons from this case study encourage a reassessment of our clinicopathology-based nosology.

scholarly journals Definiteness Systems and Dialect Classification

Languages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Mike Turner
Keyword(s):  
Binary System ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Classification Schemes ◽  
Modeling Process ◽  
Arabic Dialects ◽  
Dialect Classification ◽  
Semantic Typology

In this article I explore how typological approaches can be used to construct novel classification schemes for Arabic dialects, taking the example of definiteness as a case study. Definiteness in Arabic has traditionally been envisioned as an essentially binary system, wherein definite substantives are marked with a reflex of the article al- and indefinite ones are not. Recent work has complicated this model, framing definiteness instead as a continuum along which speakers can locate referents using a broader range of morphological and syntactic strategies, including not only the article al-, but also reflexes of the demonstrative series and a diverse set of ‘indefinite-specific’ articles found throughout the spoken dialects. I argue that it is possible to describe these strategies with even more precision by modeling them within cross-linguistic frameworks for semantic typology, among them a model known as the ‘Reference Hierarchy,’ which I adopt here. This modeling process allows for classification of dialects not by the presence of shared forms, but rather by parallel typological configurations, even if the forms within them are disparate.

Automatic Muscial Instrument Sound Classification

2011 ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Alicja A. Wieczorkowska
Keyword(s):  
Musical Instrument ◽  
Automatic Classification ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Process Information ◽  
Sound Classification ◽  
Audio Files ◽  
Classificatory System

The aim of musical instrument sound classification is to process information from audio files by a classificatory system and accurately identify musical instruments playing the processed sounds. This operation and its results are called automatic classification of musical instrument sounds.

On magdalenian mobility and land use in north-west Europe

1995 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eelco Rensink
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Data Set ◽  
North West ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Relative Dating ◽  
New Directions ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Europe

Investigations into the upper palaeolithic settlement history of Europe have made significant advances over the past decades in several fields. As a result of the reappraisal of old collections and the excavation of ‘new’ sites, an extensive data set has become available which can be used to study aspects of the organization of palaeolithic hunter-gatherers. The improvement of absolute and relative dating methods has provided the archaeologist with a more solid chronological framework. Additionally, innovations in archaeological theory and methodology have led to the exploration of new directions of inquiry. This paper focuses on a well-known example of these new directions: the study ofregionalsettlement-subsistence systems of palaeolithic groups, incorporating the systematic evaluation of archaeological data recovered from substantial areas. A growing number of archaeologists dealing with the upper palaeolithic record and active in various regions throughout Europe is currently engaged in this particular form of analysis (Audouze 1992; Hahn 1987; Julien 1987; Straus 1986; Weniger 1987, 1989).

Classification of craniofacial anomalies

2021 ◽  
pp. 671-684
Author(s):  
Jagajeevan Jagadeesan ◽  
Hiroshi Nishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Congenital Disorders ◽  
Craniofacial Anomalies ◽  
Classification Schemes ◽  
System A ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rare Group

Craniofacial anomalies are a rare group of congenital disorders that affect the cranium and the face. Due to the rarity and diverse nature of presentation, classifying them has always posed a challenge. An ideal classification system is meant to be simple, effective, and reproducible. This chapter provides a brief history of the different classification schemes and explains a simple, modified, and descriptive classification system. A brief description of the more common craniofacial conditions and their clinical features is presented. The management of individual conditions is discussed in their respective chapters.

Multiple CNN Variants and Ensemble Learning for Sunspot Group Classification by Magnetic Type

2021 ◽  
Vol 257 (2) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Rongxin Tang ◽  
Xunwen Zeng ◽  
Zhou Chen ◽  
Wenti Liao ◽  
Jingsong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Region ◽  
Ensemble Learning ◽  
Space Weather ◽  
Sunspot Group ◽  
Geomagnetic Storms ◽  
Automatic Classification ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Magnetic Type

Abstract A solar active region is a source of disturbance for the Sun–terrestrial space environment and usually causes extreme space weather, such as geomagnetic storms. The main indicator of an active region is sunspots. Certain types of sunspots are related to extreme space weather caused by eruptive events such as coronal mass ejections or solar flares. Thus, the automatic classification of sunspot groups is helpful to predict solar activity quickly and accurately. This paper completed the automatic classification of a sunspot group data set based on the Mount Wilson classification scheme, which contains continuum and magnetogram images provided by the Solar Dynamics Observatory’s Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager SHARP data from 2010 May 1 to 2017 December 12. After applying some data preprocessing steps such as image cropping and data standardization, the features of magnetic type in the data are more obvious, and the amount of data is increased. The processed data are spliced into two frames of single-channel data for the neural network to perform 3D convolution operations. This paper constructs a variety of convolutional neural networks with different structures and numbers of layers, selects 10 models as representatives, and chooses XGBoost, which is commonly used in ensemble-learning algorithms, to fuse the results of independent classification models. We found that XGBoost is an effective way to fuse models, which is proved by the relatively balanced high scores in the three magnetic types. The accuracy of the ensemble model is above 92%. The F1 scores of the magnetic types of Alpha, Beta, and Beta-x reached 0.95, 0.91, and 0.82 respectively.

Prophecy, eclipses and whole-sale markets: A case study on why data driven economic history requires history of economics, a philosopher’s reflection

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Schliesser
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Data Set ◽  
History Of Economics ◽  
Successful Attempt ◽  
Economic Experience ◽  
History Of ◽  
Important Evidence

AbstractIn this essay, I use a general argument about the evidential role of data in ongoing inquiry to show that it is fruitful for economic historians and historians of economics to collaborate more frequently. The shared aim of this collaboration should be to learn from past economic experience in order to improve the cutting edge of economic theory. Along the way, I attack a too rigorous distinction between the history of economics and economic history. By drawing on the history of physics, I argue that the history of a discipline can be a source of important evidence in ongoing inquiry. My argument relies on the claim that it is a constitutive element of science that evidence is never discarded forever and is thus historical in nature. In the final section, I offer a case study by explaining a research proposal that turns on a long-running data-set Babylonian whole-sale prices of six commodities noted in pre-Hellenistic and Hellenistic times. To motivate my reading of this data-set, I critically discuss Aristotle′s successful attempt to distinguish between astrology and political economy.

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