Evangelical Religion and Popular Romanticism in Early Nineteenth-Century America

1950 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph H. Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Western Civilization ◽  
Christian Tradition ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Nineteenth Century America ◽  
Secular Culture ◽  
Starting Point

Arnold Toynbee has described our western civilization in the twentieth century as a rationalistic and secular culture. In the sense that an awareness of the importance of science is the starting point of the thinking of our day the generalization seems true. We prize the realism of the objective, analytical approach of science. In a turbulent and swiftly moving age we have substituted relativism for older values once confidently assumed to have universal validity. We have seen scepticism, born of twentieth-century events, erode an old and dynamic belief in progress. We observe Protestantism, its old orthodoxy shaken, striving to make the Christian tradition meaningful and significant for a materialistic generation. We watch the protagonists of democracy striving to hold fast to essential human values and to protect basic freedoms in an age of fear and power.

Scottish Missionaries, ‘Protestant Hinduism’ and the Scottish Sense of Empire in Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-century India

2007 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Constable
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Western India ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Church Of Scotland ◽  
Free Church ◽  
Intellectual Engagement ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Church

This article examines the Scottish missionary contribution to a Scottish sense of empire in India in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Initially, the article reviews general historiographical interpretations which have in recent years been developed to explain the Scottish relationship with British imperial development in India. Subsequently the article analyses in detail the religious contributions of Scottish Presbyterian missionaries of the Church of Scotland and the Free Church Missions to a Scottish sense of empire with a focus on their interaction with Hindu socioreligious thought in nineteenth-century western India. Previous missionary historiography has tended to focus substantially on the emergence of Scottish evangelical missionary activity in India in the early nineteenth century and most notably on Alexander Duff (1806–78). Relatively little has been written on Scottish Presbyterian missions in India in the later nineteenth century, and even less on the significance of their missionary thought to a Scottish sense of Indian empire. Through an analysis of Scottish Presbyterian missionary critiques in both vernacular Marathi and English, this article outlines the orientalist engagement of Scottish Presbyterian missionary thought with late nineteenth-century popular Hinduism. In conclusion this article demonstrates how this intellectual engagement contributed to and helped define a Scottish missionary sense of empire in India.

The Problem of Christian Unity in Early Nineteenth-Century America

1963 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lefferts A. Loetscher
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
American Revolution ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Nineteenth Century America ◽  
Social Challenge ◽  
Atlantic Community ◽  
Christian Unity ◽  
Aggressive Attack

American Protestants in the early nineteenth century faced intellectual and social challenge which made conspicuous the weakness of their own divided condition. The American Revolution—which was part of a larger upheaval in the Atlantic Community—had spread Enlightenment ideas, with their aggressive attack on orthodoxy. Quite typical was the lament of a convention of Massachusetts Congregational ministers in 1799 over “the present decay of Christian morals and piety, and the awful prevalence of speculative and practical infidelity.” Well before the middle eighteen-thirties the tide of deism had ebbed, but some, like the editors of the new Christian Review, were still building sea walls against it.

The Cultural Framing of Addiction

Janus Head ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-234
Author(s):  
Robin Room ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Culturally Specific ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Good Person ◽  
Nineteenth Century America

The concept of addiction is historically and culturally specific, becoming a common way of understanding experience first in early nineteenth-century America, This paper considers the relation to the concept of elements in current professional definitions of addiction (as dependence). Addiction concepts have become a commonplace in storytelling, offering a secular equivalent for possession as an explanation of how a good person can behave badly, and as an inner demon over which a hero can triumph.

Harmonious Investigators of Nature: Music and the Persona of the German Naturforscher in the Nineteenth Century

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 121-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myles Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Folk Songs ◽  
Cultural Resource ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Choral Society ◽  
Scientific Identity ◽  
German Association

ArgumentDuring the early nineteenth century, the German Association of Investigators of Nature and Physicians (Versammlung Deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte) drew upon the cultural resource of choral-society songs as a way to promote male camaraderie and intellectual collaboration. Investigators of nature and physicians wished to forge a unified, scientific identity in the absence of a national one, and music played a critical role in its establishment. During the 1820s and 30s, Liedertafel and folk songs formed a crucial component of their annual meetings. The lyrics of these tunes, whose melodies were famous folk songs, were rewritten to reflect the lives of investigators of nature and physicians. Indeed, the singing of these Liedertafel songs played an important part in the cultivation of the Naturforschers’ persona well into the twentieth century.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
William L. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Oral Performance ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Nineteenth Century America ◽  
Book Of Mormon ◽  
Western Esotericism ◽  
Oral Composition

The introduction situates Joseph Smith's oral composition of the Book of Mormon within the religious and rhetorical culture of early nineteenth-century America. In an extended oral performance, Smith gazed into a seer stone and dictated the Book of Mormon to his scribes. The study focuses on orality, oral performance, and the oral composition techniques that Smith used to dictate the work. The introduction also includes a brief summary of the Book of Mormon narratives, along with a discussion on the academic framework for understanding seer stones in the context of Western esotericism and folk magic.

From Home to Hospital

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-43
Author(s):  
Agnes Arnold-Forster
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Patient Voice ◽  
Middlesex Hospital ◽  
The Senses ◽  
Selection Of

This chapter explores the senses and emotions that attended living with and dying from cancer in the early nineteenth century. The archives of The Middlesex Hospital consist of registers of cancer patients from 1792 through to the twentieth century, and a potted selection of casebooks. This chapter, therefore, tells the stories of sixty patients from 1805 to 1836. From these case notes, flesh and blood can be added to the lived experience of cancer and go some way towards recovering the patient voice. We can follow in their footsteps from home to hospital, and in multiple literal and metaphorical ways appreciate the distances they travelled in their ‘cancer journeys’.

The Theology of the Scottish Protestant Missionary Movement

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
Brian Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Scottish Enlightenment ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
Missionary Movement ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Post War

In any survey of influential British missionary thinkers, Scottish names would occupy a prominent place. The Scottish contribution was not confined to those who served with the missions of the Presbyterian churches: some influential Scottish missionaries served with English societies, and some were not even Presbyterians. Nevertheless, five generalizations can be offered: (1) Scots Presbyterians opted to do mission through ecclesiastical structures, rather than through voluntary societies. (2) Scottish Presbyterian missions aimed to bring the entire life of Christian communities under the rule of Christ. (3) Scottish missionaries tended to insist that education was integral to the missionary task. (4) Scottish missionaries trained in the early nineteenth century drew deeply from the Scottish Enlightenment. (5) From the late nineteenth century, Scottish (like English) missionary theology was affected by philosophical idealism, though the mid-twentieth-century ascendancy of Barthianism may have helped to sustain the Scottish missionary movement in the turbulent post-war environment.

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