Hausa Poems as Sources for Social and Economic History, II

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 97-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Duffill
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
The Social ◽  
Western European ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Way

In the following commentary on three Hausa poems presented in Part I of this essay, I attempt to analyze each poem, paying greatest attention to Wakar Talauci da Wadata. First I take up the matter of the dating of the poem from internal evidence and follow that with some general observations on the problems and methods involved in the analysis. The detailed commentary on Wakar Talauci da Wadata follows, divided into four sections: an examination of the objective conditions of poverty and wealth as they are presented in the poem; a discussion of the subjective evaluation of the condition of poverty and the condition of wealth, as Darho observed it among the Hausa; an examination of the way in which women are represented in the poem; and a discussion of the proposition that there are contradictions in the poem itself and in the social position of the poet. After discussing Wakar Madugu Yahaya and Wakar Abinda, I try to place Wakar Talauci da Wadata in the comparative context of several Western European literary products and one Arabic. The object of this excursus is to show that in the literature of other cultures, more or less distant in both time and space, there have been concerns and preoccupations that are essentially the same as those that occupied the mind of Darho.Unlike the 1903 version of the poem used by Pilaszewicz and Tahir/Goody, the version from the Mischlich collection is undated, but there is internal evidence to suggest that the poem was composed no earlier than 1874/75 and probably between 1896 and 1910.

scholarly journals Naming oneself in the social mirror: A vignette-based survey

2020 ◽  
pp. 001139212093295
Author(s):  
Oscar MacClure ◽  
Emmanuelle Barozet ◽  
Ana María Valenzuela
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Class Identity ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Way

In order to understand the way in which people self-identify in society and as a contribution to debates about class identity in Latin America, in this article the authors assess how individuals categorize themselves and others socially, and discuss whether a significant portion of the population classifies itself as middle class. They address the question of whether or not individuals’ representation of their social position is linked to social class, examining whether that position incorporates a socio-economic dimension, a hierarchical dimension, or even an element of moral value. The authors focus on how individuals name their own social position by means of a vignette-based survey applied in 2016 to a randomized sample of 2000 people in Chile. The results show that the theoretical notion of class is still of relevance to subjective positioning criteria, and that such criteria are specific to individuals who self-identify with lower or higher social positions.

Inheritance and the Intergenerational Replication of Inequality

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Halliday
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Causal Role ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Economic Segregation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Way

This chapter defends the claim that inheritance plays a causal role in enabling or maintaining conditions of economic segregation. This claim is advanced by addressing one reason for doubting its truth, namely that wealth transfers typically occur too late to affect the social position of the recipient. In response, emphasis is placed on the cumulative effects of inheritance rather than its immediate effects on the beneficiaries of wealth transfers. The key idea here is the way the receipt of wealth affects an individual’s ability to exercise partiality towards younger members of the family. It is argued that the unequal distribution of inheritance drives the further differentiation of parenting styles in ways that compound the way valuable nonfinancial capital becomes concentrated into wealthy sectors of the population. This observation is applied in defence of taxing second-generation inheritance (somewhat) more heavily than inheritance from newly accumulated wealth.

scholarly journals The Poetics of social work – how being artful in our craft takes us elsewhere into mindfulness

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
Vaughan Milner
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Helping Relationship ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Way

Poetry is an ageless craft that helps people find meaning and gives hope and courage. The poetics of social work describes an evolving framework in which poetry is located as a knowledge base that draws out mindfulness in the midst of uncertainty. Examples are provided of how the spiritual and artful aspects of the social work craft can be made more purposeful and explained through a poetic frame. Notions of light, time and space contex- tualise the way authentic relationships are at the heart of our work. Many people talk about the art of social work, often in the context of the more mysterious, intangible, and less ‘scientific ‘ aspects of our craft. Usually such references are around the relational intimacies that our work relies on to be effective. In essence this is the connection between people, and the possibilities and hope that emerge from that authentic helping relationship. An alternative view would be that describing social work as an ‘art’ places the work in a romanticised and nonsensical frame from an era before professionalisation, and the framing of practice in theory, defined skills and qualifications. The professionalisation of social work has certainly meant ‘more than common sense’ (Maidment and Egan, 2004) is expected in the application of theory and practice. This begs the question of the artfulness of practice. These notions of the art and craft of social work deserve exploration. 

scholarly journals Y.V. Trifonov’s novel “The Impatient Ones” in the context of the social and political position of I.А. Dedkova

Neophilology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 711-717
Author(s):  
Aleksandr V. Zaytsev
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Research ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
Political Position ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Expediency ◽  
Literary Heritage ◽  
Western European ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Way

We tell about the I.A. Dedkov’s views on the ratio of end and means on the way to high social ideal. We conduct an analysis that reveals the humanistic ontology of his worldview. Being a staunch antistalinist, supporter of the decisions of the 20th Congress of the CPSU, I.A. Dedkov throughout his life and work, in letters, diary entries, in literary-critical and practical activities, consistently condemned the inhuman principle “the end justifies the means”, drawing for this ar-guments from the traditions of Russian classical literature and Russian pre-revolutionary liberal-oriented philosophy, as well as from Western European existentialism. We reveal this humanistic and ideological intention that existed latently in the times of the USSR in the literary heritage of the critic and journalist I.A. Dedkov. The main methods used in the preparation of this work: ele-ments of systemic and comparative analyzes, biographical, discursive and narrative research me-thods. The main conclusions from the study are the disclosure of the humanistic nature of I.A. Dedkov, which sharply differs from the immoral methodology of political expediency, neg-lecting the choice and use of ethically grounded and adequate means of its implementation. This provision is supported by texthestruic analysis of a number of sources, including the Y.V. Triforov’s novel “The Impatient Ones” from the series «Family Revolutionary» on the revo-lutionary population of A.I. Zhelyabov. I.A. Dedkov consistently defended his theoretical and ideological postulates based on the non-acceptance and rejection of inhumane and ruthless politi-cal practices in his literary, critical and journalistic activities, as well as in his personal life, while remaining loyal to the socialist (communist) ideal in its humanistic (anthropocentric) ideal.

scholarly journals Stola – orarium – stuła (pierwsze tysiąclecie Kościoła)

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Jarosław A. Superson
Keyword(s):  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
High Rank ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
East And West ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Church ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
The Way

In the ancient culture of Greece, and then of Rome, when describing garments the colloquial term stola was used. But amongst many clothes of that time (stolae) a beautiful robe stood apart – stola, which was usually worn by wealthy matrons and as a result of transformations by men who were on the high-rank of the social hierarchy. Also Vulgate, introducing refined clothes, while at the same time the insignia of the dignity of a given person, used the term stola. In the first millennium of the Church stole, which was a garment that belonged to people with major orders, was defined as orarium or stola. What does the imperial insignia or robes orarium (stola) originate from? In the article, as an answer to the question, there are presented three hypotheses of Fr. Anthony Nowowiejski, four by Joseph Braun and other opinions of the researchers of the issue. Church in the East and West used these insignia. Only Rome, in the described epoch, did not use orarium (stola), although it was known. From the teaching of synods we learn about an obligation of wearing the orarium (stola), the way of wearing it by deacons and priests, the number of used orarium, and ornamentation and colouring. From the very beginning, insignia have its own symbolism given by Isidore of Pelusium, Pseudo-Germana from Paris, Amalary of Metz, and Raban Maur. In The Sacramentary of Amiens we could find the first prayer at putting the stole on. It appears from the prayer that the stole is the cloak of immortality restored after the sin of the first parent, and the robe of joy, and at the same time a defense against deterioration of the mind and body.

A Model for Mind-Device Dialectic and the Future of Advertising in the Social Media Age

2018 ◽  
pp. 735-751
Author(s):  
Recep Yilmaz ◽  
Nurdan Oncel Taskiran
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Nature Of Science ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Mill ◽  
The Way

Every advertisement text has a specific impact on the mind of receivers. Just like a water-mill or wind mill, human mind develops a specific systematic interaction against different advertisement texts. This section focuses on how information presented and carried by different texts are built on human mind. The basic aim is to reveal how advertisement texts operate human mind. In this sense, the authors try to understand the impact of analogue media on our minds through discussing the nature of science, the way human mind operates, and the structure of mass communication means. On top of that, the authors visualize this interaction on a model. This model would not only make it possible for us to understand our interaction with analogue media but also would give clues about digital media. With these clues, it would be possible to make predictions about changing advertising environment, and accordingly the way of making more effective strategies and future of advertising sector.

Précis ofOrigins of the modern mind: Three stages in the evolution of culture and cognition

1993 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merlin Donald
Keyword(s):  
Human Mind ◽  
Memory Representation ◽  
Cognitive Evolution ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Culture And Cognition ◽  
The Social ◽  
Modern Mind ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Way

AbstractThis book proposes a theory of human cognitive evolution, drawing from paleontology, linguistics, anthropology, cognitive science, and especially neuropsychology. The properties of humankind's brain, culture, and cognition have coevolved in a tight iterative loop; the main event in human evolution has occurred at the cognitive level, however, mediating change at the anatomical and cultural levels. During the past two million years humans have passed through three major cognitive transitions, each of which has left the human mind with a new way of representing reality and a new form of culture. Modern humans consequently have three systems of memory representation that were not available to our closest primate relatives: mimetic skill, language, and external symbols. These three systems are supported by new types of “hard” storage devices, two of which (mimetic and linguistic) are biological, one technological. Full symbolic literacy consists of a complex of skills for interacting with the external memory system. The independence of these three uniquely human ways of representing knowledge is suggested in the way the mind breaks down after brain injury and confirmed by various other lines of evidence. Each of the three systems is based on aninventivecapacity, and the products of those capacities – such as languages, symbols, gestures, social rituals, and images – continue to be invented and vetted in the social arena. Cognitive evolution is not yet complete: the externalization of memory has altered the actual memory architecture within which humans think. This is changing the role of biological memory and the way in which the human brain deploys its resources; it is also changing the form of modern culture.

scholarly journals Pour une balnéothérapie stoïcienne ? Représentations de la baignade et poétique du discours philosophique dans les Lettres à Lucilius de Sénèque

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grégoire Blanc ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Representations ◽  
Writing Process ◽  
The Self ◽  
Care Of The Self ◽  
Philosophical Discourse ◽  
The Social ◽  
Epistulae Morales ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Way

Abstract: The bathing representations throughout the correspondence with Lucilius seems to induct some crucial elements, both rhetorical and ethical, of the Seneca’s writing process. The description, and depiction, of bathing experiences in the Epistulae Morales enlightens the fact that Seneca’s shaping not only a stoic care of the self, but also a thinking and a writing method. Review of that writing pattern shows that the poetics of philosophical discourse may take different leads in the correspondence, from empirical experiences to ethical conceptualization, through literary aemulatio and satirical moral lessons. What appears, then, is a sociopoetical way of writing philosophy. The social representations are indeed orchestrated by Seneca in order to build a philosophical arrangement, which paves the way to a total transfiguration of the mind.

Building on the Past

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Boldizzoni
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
European Economic ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intellectual Crisis ◽  
The Way

This chapter is a manifesto for the reconstruction of economic history and calls for a new pact between history and the social sciences in order to counter the way economists have abused the past. The chapter cites the need for European economic historians to organize themselves with greater awareness and regain the courage to construct the type of historical models of past generations. It claims that economic history is in the midst of an intellectual crisis faced, as evidenced by the growing marginalization of the discipline in the universities. It further argues that economic history has to lift itself out of the difficult situation it is now in by becoming involved with the genuinely “social” sciences and with all those scholars who are interested in an innovative interaction with historians without imposing any particular point of view.

A Model for Mind-Device Dialectic and the Future of Advertising in the Social Media Age

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Recep Yılmaz ◽  
Nurdan Oncel Taskiran
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Nature Of Science ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Mill ◽  
The Way

Every advertisement text has a specific impact on the mind of receivers. Just like a water-mill or wind mill, human mind develops a specific systematic interaction against different advertisement texts. This section focuses on how information presented and carried by different texts are built on human mind. The basic aim is to reveal how advertisement texts operate human mind. In this sense, the authors try to understand the impact of analogue media on our minds through discussing the nature of science, the way human mind operates, and the structure of mass communication means. On top of that, the authors visualize this interaction on a model. This model would not only make it possible for us to understand our interaction with analogue media but also would give clues about digital media. With these clues, it would be possible to make predictions about changing advertising environment, and accordingly the way of making more effective strategies and future of advertising sector.

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