Physical damage by litterfall to canopy tree seedlings in two temperate New Zealand forests

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 671-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Len N. Gillman ◽  
John Ogden
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Canopy Tree

Suppression of ectomycorrhizae on canopy tree seedlings in Rhododendron maximum L. (Ericaceae) thickets in the southern Appalachians

Mycorrhiza ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Walker ◽  
Orson K. Miller Jr. ◽  
T. Lei ◽  
Shawn Semones ◽  
E. Nilsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Appalachians ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Canopy Tree ◽  
Rhododendron Maximum

Sustainability of Beilschmiedia tawa-Dominated Forest in New Zealand: Population Predictions Based on Transition Matrix Model Analysis

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
CJ West
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Leslie Matrix ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Forest Park ◽  
Canopy Tree ◽  
The North ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Lowland Forests

Beilschmiedia tawa (Lauraceae) is a common canopy tree which is often dominant in lowland forests in the North Island and northern South Island of New Zealand. The sustainability of B. tawa-dominated forests was investigated at Pureora Forest Park, west of Lake Taupo, central North Island, where a range of sites with different extents of disturbance by logging was studied. Demographic studies-estimates of seedfall, recruitment, growth, and mortality rates-yielded data for life history tables. Based on these, Leslie matrix models were used to determine the rate of increase of five populations. Of these, three logged populations were apparently declining, whereas unlogged forest showed moderate population increase. These population studies suggested that B. tawa is a K-selected species capable of regeneration only within forest. The smaller size-classes are shade tolerant and stems accumulate in the stripling size-class. High light conditions are needed for growth from this class to the sapling class.

scholarly journals The Parma Wallaby and its Future

Oryx ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Wodzicki ◽  
J. E. C. Flux
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Management Plans

Until 1966 the parma or white-throated wallaby Macropus parma was believed to have been extinct in Australia for over thirty years. But in that year the authors discovered a considerable number on the New Zealand island of Kawau, where they had been introduced a century ago, as described in Oryx December 1969. Like other wallabies they had been shot and poisoned in considerable numbers because of the damage they do to tree seedlings and agricultural land, but the authors are hopeful that management plans now in hand will ensure their survival unmolested.

Greater risk of physical damage caused by debris fall to understory plants and tree seedlings in old-growth forests than in young forests

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 1203-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Woody Debris ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Understory Plants ◽  
Old Growth Forests ◽  
Young Forests

Falling canopy debris causes injury and mortality of tree seedlings and understory plants in a wide variety of forests. Canopy structure and dynamics differ between young and old-growth forests: old forests are taller and have more aboveground biomass and greater annual mortality of bole biomass. I predicted that risk of damage caused by debris fall in the understory is greater in old-growth forests than in young forests. I tested this prediction by tracking for 1 year the fates of artificial seedlings placed in young (stand age 31 to 61 years) and old-growth (stand age circa 500 years) Pseudotsuga–Tsuga forests. The risk of physical damage caused by debris fall in old-growth forests was significantly greater than in young forests (P = 0.001). Seedling models were damaged by falling debris at a rate of 4.4%·year−1 and 0.8%·year−1 in old-growth and young forests, respectively. More seedling models were damaged by fallen coarse woody debris in old-growth forests than in young forests, although this trend was not significant (P = 0.134). Approximately 25% of seedling models in both young and old-growth forests were damaged by something other than fallen canopy debris, most likely snow accumulation.

scholarly journals New Zealand contributions to the Global Earthquake Model’s Earthquake Consequences Database (GEMECD)

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-263
Author(s):  
Gian Maria Bocchini ◽  
Sonia Giovinazzi ◽  
Antonios Pomonis ◽  
Stefano Pampanin ◽  
Jason M. Ingham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Seismic Hazards ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Initial Correlations ◽  
Database Structure ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Critical Facilities ◽  
Building Safety ◽  
Accessibility Issues ◽  
First Time

The Global Earthquake Model’s (GEM) Earthquake Consequences Database (GEMECD) aims to develop, for the first time, a standardised framework for collecting and collating geocoded consequence data induced by primary and secondary seismic hazards to different types of buildings, critical facilities, infrastructure and population, and relate this data to estimated ground motion intensity via the USGS ShakeMap Atlas. New Zealand is a partner of the GEMECD consortium and to-date has contributed with 7 events to the database, of which 4 are localised in the South Pacific area (Newcastle 1989; Luzon 1990; South of Java 2006 and Samoa Islands 2009) and 3 are NZ-specific events (Edgecumbe 1987; Darfield 2010 and Christchurch 2011). This contribution to GEMECD represented a unique opportunity for collating, comparing and reviewing existing damage datasets and harmonising them into a common, openly accessible and standardised database, from where the seismic performance of New Zealand buildings can be comparatively assessed. This paper firstly provides an overview of the GEMECD database structure, including taxonomies and guidelines to collect and report on earthquake-induced consequence data. Secondly, the paper presents a summary of the studies implemented for the 7 events, with particular focus on the Darfield (2010) and Christchurch (2011) earthquakes. Finally, examples of specific outcomes and potentials for NZ from using and processing GEMECD are presented, including: 1) the rationale for adopting the GEM taxonomy in NZ and any need for introducing NZ-specific attributes; 2) a complete overview of the building typological distribution in the Christchurch CBD prior to the Canterbury earthquakes and 3) some initial correlations between the level and extent of earthquake-induced physical damage to buildings, building safety/accessibility issues and the induced human casualties.

Does Rhododendron maximum L. (Ericaceae) Reduce the Availability of Resources Above and Belowground for Canopy Tree Seedlings?

2001 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T. NILSEN ◽  
B. D. CLINTON ◽  
T. T. LEI ◽  
O. K. MILLER ◽  
S. W. SEMONES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Canopy Tree ◽  
Rhododendron Maximum

scholarly journals Gries am Brenner/Vals Pilot Action Region The Tyrolean Ski Tour Steering Concept: A Contribution to the Protection of Wildlife and Object Protective Forests

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Plörer ◽  
Dieter Stöhr
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Wild Game ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Important Object ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Forest Habitats

When people engage in recreational activities in sensitive forest habitats, there can be unintended negative impacts on wildlife and forests. These include disturbance and displacement of wild game as well as damage to young plants (tree seedlings and saplings from ski or snowshoe compaction or direct physical damage from ski edges). These are just a few examples that highlight the need to manage the impact of recreationists with different measures in order to minimize the disturbance of game (especially red deer and roe deer) and the impairment of important object protective forests that this in turn causes. In Section 2 of this chapter, we describe the tourism, population, settlement area, economy, forestry and natural hazards in the GreenRisk4Alps Pilot Action Region (PAR) of Gries am Brenner and Vals in Tyrol, Austria. Section 3 provides an overview of the overarching initiative and integration forum, “Tyrolian mountains – experience together”, which was initiated by the Amt der Tiroler Landesregierung (Office of the Tyrolean Provincial Government). We then provide a description of the exact workflow, the possible measures and other details on ski tour steering options. Ski tour steering measures in the Gries am Brenner and Vals PAR can be found in Section 3.4, followed by a critical review of the experiences in Section 4.

scholarly journals Methodology for the assessment of the damage cost resulting from a large earthquake in the vicinity of Wellington

1985 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-223
Author(s):  
G. R. Birss
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Large Earthquake ◽  
National Society ◽  
Damage Cost ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Earthquake Intensity ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Seismic Loss ◽  
Set Up

At the request of the Earthquake and War Damage Commission, the New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering set up a study group to determine the maximum probable loss the Commission may suffer by way of claims resulting from a large earthquake with its epicentre near Wellington. The study group's task was to determine the order of cost of physical damage to buildings and their contents which could credibly be expected to result from large earthquake attack. Seismic loss information for New Zealand conditions is minimal and it was therefore necessary to critically review published overseas data. Where appropriate, adjustments were made to accommodate New Zealand conditions. Loss information was compiled as the ratio of damage cost to building value and varied with felt earthquake intensity as well as with type of building construction. The total value and structural classification of the building stock in the affected area was compiled and entered on a computer. A program was set up to enable loss calculations to be carried out for the appropriate building classification and for the relevant earthquake intensities. From this the total loss was calculated. The results of the study expressed as monetary loss are confidential to the Earthquake and War Damage Commission. In this paper, therefore, results are not presented in absolute dollar terms, but are given as relative values.

scholarly journals Aerial surveillance to detect kauri dieback in New Zealand

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 60-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jamieson ◽  
I.E. Bassett ◽  
L.M.W. Hill ◽  
S. Hill ◽  
A. Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Aerial Survey ◽  
Aerial Surveillance ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Gps Technology ◽  
Canopy Tree ◽  
Position Data ◽  
Steep Terrain ◽  
Damage Symptoms

The causal agent of kauri dieback Phytophthora taxon Agathis (PTA) poses a significant threat to kauri (Agathis australis) in northern New Zealand Groundbased field surveys have previously confirmed PTA presence at several locations across Auckland and Northland However ground surveys are limited to areas adjacent to tracks because of difficulty and cost associated with offtrack access in steep terrain along with concern about furthering spread of PTA A methodology for aerial photographic surveillance of kauri dieback was developed and implemented in Wait257;kere Ranges Hunua Ranges and adjacent forest areas Using recently developed GPS technology photographs were embedded with position data so unhealthy trees were easily located later for groundtruthing Aerial survey was found to be a time and costeffective method for surveying large inaccessible areas of forest for kauri dieback The methodology would also be applicable for detection of visible disease or damage symptoms in other canopy tree species

scholarly journals Volatile emissions of six New Zealand fern species in response to physical damage and herbivory

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keylee Soriano ◽  
◽  
Andrea Clavijo-McCormick
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Volatile Emissions ◽  
Fern Species
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