Ancient Greek and Zulu Sacrificial Ritual: A Comparative Analysis

Numen ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Sacrificial Ritual

Ancient Greek and Zulu Sacrificial Ritual a Comparative Analysis

Numen ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-318
Author(s):  
Michael Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Greek Religion ◽  
Ancestor Cult ◽  
Kinship System ◽  
Thought Patterns ◽  
Sacrificial Ritual ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Ritual Systems ◽  
And Function

AbstractIn this paper, ancient Greek and Zulu sacrificial ritual are compared in order to test the validity of Burkert's hypothesis about the origins and function of sacrifice. Similarities and differences between the two ritual systems are analysed. The Zulus do not clearly differentiate between Olympian and chthonic deities and sacrifices and seem to sacrifice exclusively to or for the shades or ancestors. The absence of a fully-developed ancestor cult in ancient Greek religion (the cult of heroes and the cult of the dead bear some resemblance to one) seems to reflect the nature of a pólis culture which cuts across the boundaries of tribes and phratries: no such culture is evident amongst the Zulus and ancestor cult thus reflects the lineage and kinship system characterising Zulu life. Burkert believes that sacrifice has its origins in the ritualisation of the palaeolithic hunt. Crucial aspects of the theory do not seem to be validated by Zulu thought-patterns: e.g. there is little or no trace of guilt or anxiety at ritual killings, a guilt which might be expected from a people deeply attached to their animals, often personified in praises addressed to them. Following G.S. Kirk, this paper attempts to illustrate that composite accounts of both ancient Greek and Zulu sacrifice acquire misleading emotional resonances which individual sacrifices might not have. This comparative study does not disprove Burkert's theory, but attempts to demonstrate that explanations offered in terms of origins or formative antecedents are fraught with speculative problems and throw no light on the motivation for sacrifice.

scholarly journals Axiological Attitudes in the Interpretation of the Rational and Irrational in the Works of Latin Apologetics Scholars

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 128-137
Author(s):  
R. R. Balandina ◽  
◽  
E. V. Kuzmina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Ancient Philosophy ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
Clear Tendency ◽  
Methodological Basis

The article aims at demonstrating significant differences in the perception of rationality and irrationality in the works of ancient Greek philosophers and philosophers of the period of Latin apologetics. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of the works of ancient and Latin philosophers. The analysis revealed that the Greeks solved the problem of the ratio of the rational and the irrational in an ontological way, while the Latins shifted the focus on the problem to the axiological dimension. The article presents the correlation of three examples of ontological orientation of pagan philosophy with three examples of axiological orientation of Latin theology of the apologetic period. The research methodology is based on the combination of historical-functional and comparative analyses. The works of N. S. Mudragey, where the validity of the use of the concepts "rational" and "irrational" in relation to ancient philosophy was proved, provided the methodological basis of the study, as well as the works of G. G. Mayorov, who actually was the first to consider Latin apologetics as a system with a clear tendency from hellenophilia to hellenophobia. The works of ancient Greek philosophers provided the theoretical basis of the study, as well as the works of Lactantius, Arnobius, Tertullian, and Minucius.

scholarly journals EPONYMS IN THE FIELD OF MEDICINE AND PAEDIATRIC DENTAL MEDICINE IN BULGARIAN AND ENGLISH

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-99
Author(s):  
Zheleva Zlatina ◽  
Gergana Petkova ◽  
Vanya Ivanova ◽  
Svetla Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Cushing Syndrome ◽  
Addison’S Disease ◽  
Addison's Disease ◽  
Ancient Greek

Introduction. Eponyms have been an inseparable part of medicine ever since the science exists. The need to name diseases and conditions after the physicians who came upon them and explored them arose (e.g., Addison’s disease, Cushing syndrome etc). This method of term formation continues to be employed even nowadays and its main advantage is that it facilitates remembering the condition. The purpose of the present paper is to establish the main principles of formation of eponyms and to compare them within the Bulgarian, English and Latin terminology. Another comparison which is intended is the use of eponyms in clinical medicine and clinical paediatric dental medicine. Background and motivations. The purpose of eponyms is to name diseases and conditions and to facilitate remembering. However, there are underlying principles of term formation and usage in the different fields of medicine which need to be clarified and traced. Methodology. The  main   methods   used   are   lexicographical   excerption   and comparative analysis. The eponyms are classified according to the manner of their formation and usage. The expected results are related to the differences in the use of eponyms in the medical terminologies of Bulgarian and English clinical setting and to compare those to their source languages- Latin and ancient Greek.

scholarly journals Greek demons who murdered children

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladislava Igorevna Makeeva
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Greek Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
Murdered Children

This article describes the Ancient Greek mythological characters who were attributed with murdering children: Lamia (Λάμια), Mormo (μορμώ) and Gello (γελλώ).The ssuperstitions associated with these demons remain in Greece to this day, although their images have undergone certain transformation. The object of this research is the mythological representations of the Ancient Greeks, while the subject is demons who murdered children. The goal of this article is to determine the role of children's horror stories in life of the Ancient Greek society. The author reviews the facts testifying to the existence of characters as Lamia, Mormo, Gello and Empusa in the Greek and Roman texts, as well gives characteristics to their images based on the comparative analysis. The conducted analysis reveals the common traits of the demons who murdered children: frightening appearance, combination of human and animal traits, ability to transform, identification with Hecate, as well as the story of the failed motherhood underlying the history of emergence of the demon. The key functions of these mythological characters consisted in explanation of the sudden infant and maternal mortality typical to the ancient times, as well as teaching children and adults a lesson. The first could be frightened with such stories, and the latter had to learn from the tale that demonstrates the harm of reckless following the temptations or refusal of fulfilling the prescribed social roles, socially acceptable behavior.

CULINARY TOURISM IN GREECE: CAN THE PAST DEFINE THE FUTURE? DIMENSIONS OF INNOVATION, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 1650018 ◽  
Author(s):  
THEODORE METAXAS ◽  
DIMITRIS KARAGIANNIS
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Food Culture ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
The Past ◽  
Knowledge Innovation

This paper examines the possibility that gastronomy, based on ancient Greek values, could be part of the answer for economic prosperity through the development of food tourism in a country with a harsh economic environment such as Greece. We examine if local food, culture and tourism could become fields of new entrepreneurial and regional development when paired with knowledge, innovation and quality. The paper uses Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) from real examples of innovative entrepreneurship related to gastronomy that are presented as case studies.

scholarly journals A Look at the Indo-European Arch Rhythmics (a comparative analysis of the musical rhythmics of Hindus, Arabs, Greeks, and Balts)

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eirimas Velička
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Methods ◽  
Ancient Greek

This article analyzes and compares the rhythmics of Indian, Arabian, ancient Greek, ethnic Lithuanian, Latvian, and Estonian music. The stress is laid on the similarity common to classical Indian, ancient Greek, and ethnic Lithuanian music. The author poses the question: can the durational rhythmics, which is common among the mentioned cultures, be called “Indo-European Arch rhythmics”; or is it a phenomenon of a wider scale, typical in the music of other cultures, too. The research is based on typological and comparative methods. The phenomenon of musical rhythmics is analyzed following the quantitative (duration, quantity) view. The foundation of quantitative (durational) rhythmics is sought for in languages as well- in the fluctuation of long and short syllables.

scholarly journals Ancient Greek rhythms in Messiaen’s le sacre: Nietzsche’s legacy?

Muzikologija ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 97-136
Author(s):  
Wai-Ling Cheong
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Textual Studies ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Classical Philology ◽  
Musical Works ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Paris Conservatoire ◽  
Le Sacre Du Printemps

It is little known that Nietzsche - appointed professor of classical philology at Basel University in his twenties - had postulated on the basis of rigorous textual studies that the leading classical philologists active in Central Europe in the nineteenth century, predominantly German-speaking, had gone seriously off -track by fitting Greek rhythms into measures of equal length. Unlike the philologists, influential musicologists who wrote about ancient Greek rhythms were mostly French. The Paris Conservatoire was a powerhouse of rhythmic theory, with an impressive lineage from F?tis and Gevaert through Laloy and Emmanuel to Messiaen and beyond. F?tis and Gevaert referenced their contemporary German philologists without really critiquing them. With Laloy, Emmanuel, and Messiaen, however, there was a notable change of orientation. These authors all read as if they had somehow become aware of Nietzsche?s discovery. Yet none of them make any mention of him whatsoever. In this study, a comparative analysis of their musical rendition of Greek rhythms is undertaken before focusing on Messiaen?s analytical proposal that there is an impressively long series of Greek rhythms in Stravinsky?s Le sacre du printemps. I seek to throw light on the resurgence of interest in ancient Greek rhythms in modernist musical works, and question how the convoluted reception of Nietzsche?s discovery in Parisian music circles might have sparked rhythmic innovation to new heights.

scholarly journals GRAFFITI FROM THE WESTERN OUTSKIRTS OF OLBIA PONTICA

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-103
Author(s):  
A. S. Rusiaieva ◽  
A. G. Kuzmishchev ◽  
J. Fornasier
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Preliminary Review ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Visual Study ◽  
The Future ◽  
Small Collection

This paper is preliminary review of a small collection of graffiti from the latest excavations on the western outskirts of Olbia Pontica (the so-called «suburbs») in 2015—2020, and their introduction into scientific circulation. The excavations were conducted by the Olbia International Archaeological Expedition led by A. V. Bujskikh as the part of Ukrainian-German multidisciplinary project (co-directors A. V. Bujskikh and J. Fornasier). The researches on the suburbs were headed by A. G. Kuzmischev and J. Fornasier. Over six years of research in various cultural strata and in the fillings of half-dugouts, pits and other objects more than 50 graffiti have been found, inscribed mainly on the fragments of Attic black-lacquered tableware of the 5th—4th centuries BC. Emphasis is placed on determining the main types of inscriptions and their features. Regardless of the year and location of discovery they are divided into five groups: A. Abbreviated anthroponyms or individual words; B. Initials of proper names or one-letter marks; C. Graffiti on treated ostracons; D. Various digital signs and records; E. Graffiti of unclear meaning. The collection under study significantly supplemented the source base of the small epigraphy of the Olbia polis. However, no original, rare and to some extent important informative inscriptions which were recorded in temenos, residential neighborhoods, in some settlements and in Borisfen have been found yet here. In addition the damage of many graffiti makes impossible to interpret them reliably. In no one case we could identify reliably the inscriptions dedicated to any deities. Instead, the large number of abbreviated names and initials of the owners of dishes coincides with a significant import of Attic black-lacquered ceramics in the life of the inhabitants of the suburbs in the 5th—4th centuries BC. Despite the relatively limited number, processed ostracons have replenished this category of Olbia votive finds by the original graffiti of magical significance. At the same time, the fact that in general in the suburbs is a lot of graffiti with digital markings which are most often attributed to traders, deserves special attention. Of course, in the future, all the graffiti from the suburbs need a more detailed visual study both as the fragments of ceramics and their exact professional sketches, and comparative analysis of this type of inscriptions from many ancient Greek sites.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF DECIPHERING THE MIDDLE TEXT ON THE ROSETTA STONE

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tome Boševski ◽  
Aristotel Tentov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Slavic Language ◽  
Greek Text ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Rosetta Stone ◽  
State Official ◽  
Different Order

A b s t r a c t: In this text we present comparative analisys of the words and the expressions obtained after reading of complete middle text on the Rosetta Stone [15], by implementing our origtinal methodology presented in [12]. We have identified over 420 different words and expressions which preserve their meaning in contemporary Macedonian language and its dialects, but also they keep their meaning in archaic or contemporary in other Slavic languages. Identification and analysis of sentences and their structure will be subject of further researh. Going further in depth with analysis and comparing our reading results of the middle text on the Rosetta Stone, [15], with well known previous results of reading so called ancient Greek text, presented in [4], [5], [6], and [9], one can easily conclude that two texts, so called demotic text, and so called ancient Greek text are identical only by their content of the pharaoh’s orders. By all means, these two texts have different sentences structures, and different order of words within it. This fact is very logic and obvious in all cases where we compare two identical texts written in two different languages, and it is valid even today. Based on our research we can further improve this conclusion in the direction that the pharaoh’s decree on the middle text is written on the language of the Ancient Macedonians, with the script (signs) of the living masters in that period of Ancient Egypt. These language and script were state official language and official script in year 196 BC, after more than 100 years of the rulling of Ptolemaic Dynasty over Ancient Egypt. The language that we identified on the middle text on the Rosetta Stone definitely poses characteristics of a Slavic language. Many words that we identified in the middle text still exist in modern Slavic languages, or in their archaic forms, in respective Slavic language. Respectively, in lexical sense, we can identify that this language has very strong Slavic characteristics. This becomes more obvius after careful reading of presented multi-language dictionary.

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