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2021 ◽  
Vol 107 (7) ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
Jaroslavna Saraykina ◽  

Modern migration discourse contributes to the securitization of migration in France: it is transferred to the security field, endowed with threat connotations, and thus is becoming the direct cause of the security deficit. The agents of securitization (representatives of the country’s supreme power or right-wing political movements, or writers and essayists who recognize themselves as independent from any political party’s influence and who, however, still share the anti-immigration mood of the right-wing political movement. They use elements of the discourse of fear to achieve their own political goals; they present immigrants as a mortal threat not only to the national identity of the state and the integrity of its society, but also to its public and national security. In the discourse of these agents, there is a clear tendency to create an image of a France “abandoned” by the government and “besieged” by immigrants, a France as a subject to “colonization” by Islam that is incompatible with the secular principle the country that supports republican ideals. Analysis of the migration discourse of securitization agents reveals bold metaphors and emotionally charged expressions that generate a sense of fear in society and give rise to misconceptions about the scale of immigration and the size of the Muslim population in the country.


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 185-193
Author(s):  
Christoph Jacobi ◽  
Friederike Lilienthal ◽  
Dmitry Korotyshkin ◽  
Evgeny Merzlyakov ◽  
Gunter Stober

Abstract. Observations of upper mesosphere/lower thermosphere (MLT) wind have been performed at Collm (51.3∘ N, 13.0∘ E) and Kazan (56∘ N, 49∘ E), using two SKiYMET all-sky meteor radars with similar configuration. Daily vertical profiles of mean winds and tidal amplitudes have been constructed from hourly horizontal winds. We analyse the response of mean winds and tidal amplitudes to geomagnetic disturbances. To this end, we compare winds and amplitudes for very quiet (Ap ≤ 5) and unsettled/disturbed (Ap ≥ 20) geomagnetic conditions. Zonal winds in both the mesosphere and lower thermosphere are weaker during disturbed conditions for both summer and winter. The summer equatorward meridional wind jet is weaker for disturbed geomagnetic conditions. Tendencies for geomagnetic effects on mean winds over Collm and Kazan qualitatively agree during most of the year. For the diurnal tide, amplitudes in summer are smaller in the mesosphere and greater in the lower thermosphere, but no clear tendency is seen for winter. Semidiurnal tidal amplitudes increase during geomagnetic active days in summer and winter. Terdiurnal amplitudes are slightly reduced in the mesosphere during disturbed days, but no clear effect is visible for the lower thermosphere. Overall, while there is a noticeable effect of geomagnetic variability on the mean wind, the effect on tidal amplitudes, except for the semidiurnal tide, is relatively small and partly different over Collm and Kazan.


Author(s):  
N.M. Vakhabova ◽  

To date, CVD, in particular acute cerebrovascular accidents, have a clear tendency to increase. The existing domestic and especially foreign literature testifies to the established important medical and social problems of acute cerebral stroke in the society of humanity around the world. Stroke can develop at any age, but its frequency and prevalence increase with age. About 80% of strokes occur in people over 65, with age having a major impact on stroke outcomes.


PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12045
Author(s):  
Joan Fuster ◽  
Toni Caparrós ◽  
Lluis Capdevila

In team sports, load management has become one of the most common areas of investigation, given that effective control over load is the key to being able to optimize performance and avoid injuries. Despite the constant evolution and innovation in the latest theories, we can see a clear tendency in load management that focuses on physiological and mechanical aspects and neglects its cognitive character, which generates the variability inherent in the performance of athletes in a changing environment. Indicators of response that inform methods of control over cognitive load can include cognitive, physiological and behavioral indicators. However, limited investigations exist to support the reliability of each indicator regarding cognitive load. For this reason, the objective of this literature review is to present strategies used to manage cognitive load in team sports, as well as the indicators utilized for such a proposition and their relationships in specific contexts.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXEY S. BASHKUEV ◽  
IRINA D. SUKATSHEVA

The systematic position of Microptysmatidae and Protomeropidae is critically reviewed in light of the latest reassessment by Minet et al. The Microptysmatidae belongs to a stem-group of Trichoptera, or at least to stem-Amphiesmenoptera (depending on chosen methodology), rather than to its own order Permotrichoptera as suggested by Minet et al., and Protomeropidae are not Mecoptera. The double anal loop of Kamopanorpa Martynov, 1928 is not significantly different from that of more advanced amphiesmenopterans, while in Microptysmella Kukalová-Peck & Willmann, 1990, anal veins show clear tendency to looping (not a “fairly different arrangement”). If Microptysmatidae are considered in the traditional way, the polarity of characters listed by Minet et al. as supporting monophyly of the order Permotrichoptera can be treated just the opposite: divided veins RS1, RS2 and M1 are symplesiomorphies with Protomeropidae, and simple M4 is the synapomorphy of Microptysmatidae, Cladochoristidae, and Amphiesmenoptera s. str. In addition, three new species of Kamopanorpa are described from the Permian deposits of Minusinsk Coal Basin, South Siberia: Kamopanorpa rasnitsyni sp. nov., K. sivchikovi sp. nov., and K. rotunda sp. nov. Some traits of fore- and hindwing venation of Microptysmatidae are discussed.


Author(s):  
Mykhailo Kuziv ◽  
Iryna Tiutiunnyk

The purpose of the article is to highlight the peculiarities of the paintings of the amateur artist of the period of socialist realism Mykola Bezdilny and to draw parallels with the professional art of the 1970s and 1980s. Methodology. Methods of systematization, art analysis, historical and comparative methods are applied. The scientific novelty is to identify the influence of centralized creative structures of the second half of the twentieth century for the self-realization of artists who acquired creative skills in their own way. In particular, the figure of the artist Mykola Bezdilny was chosen for the analysis as a bright representative of the amateur Ternopil region, who showed the ability to admire not only different genres and types of fine arts but also constantly analyze other interpretations of the painting, "try", "move" in technical and philosophical and aesthetic terms. The obtained results are important for further research of the problems of amateur and amateur fine arts in Ukraine. Conclusions. It is determined that M. Bezdilny, as a bright representative of socialist-realist amateur art, reached a high level of painting due to systematic work and interaction with professional painting. It focused on the true essence of the work, its depth, the transfer of harmony of nature, rather than the external beauty of the picture. Against the background of features that are characteristic of the work of many amateur artists and amateurs revealed a clear tendency of M. Bezdilny to his favorite plot, composition, constant change of sound of paint, attempts at impressionistic dynamic brushstroke, and complex color.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-120
Author(s):  
Marie-Pauline Krielke

In this paper, we investigate grammatical complexity as a register feature of scientific English and German. Specifically, we carry out a diachronic comparison between general and scientific discourse in the two languages from the 17th to the 19th century, using relativizers as proxies for grammatical complexity. We ground our study in register theory (Halliday and Hasan, 1985), assuming that language use reflects contextual factors, which contribute to the formation of registers (Quirk et al., 1985; Biber et al., 1999; Teich et al., 2016). Our findings show a clear tendency towards grammatical simplification in scientific discourse in both languages with English spearheading the trend early on and German following later.


2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-310
Author(s):  
Maitane Urrutia-Aparicio ◽  
A. César González-García ◽  
Juan Antonio Belmonte

The pilgrimage along the Way of Saint James constituted the principal mechanism for the introduction of new currents of thought into the Iberian Peninsula, such as Romanesque architecture. Taking this into account, we examined whether the standard tradition on the orientation of Christian churches was followed. We measured the orientation of 108 churches built between the end of the 10th and 13th centuries near the French Way, in the ancient kingdoms of Leon and Castile. The statistical analysis shows a clear tendency to orientate the apse of the church eastwards, specifically slightly to the north of due east. Furthermore, we found that the orientation patterns differ from one kingdom to the other. In Leon, there seems to be a predilection for the local tradition of aligning the apse toward the ecclesiastical equinox. Castile, in contrast, built their churches orientated to Easter, one of the most important feast days of Christianity.


2021 ◽  
pp. 190-212
Author(s):  
Fernando Casal Bértoa ◽  
Zsolt Enyedi

The ninth chapter considers polarization as a systemic property, manifested by the proportion of votes collected by anti-political-establishment parties. We find that virtually all party systems that collapsed had high levels of polarization. We also detect a clear tendency towards increasing polarization during the last half century, with important regional variations. According to our data, the degree of polarization is negatively related to closure, even though the systems that combined openness with high anti-political-establishment support have typically collapsed in the past in Europe. Low polarization appears to help the development of closure even in fragmented systems.


Author(s):  
Donata Katinaitė ◽  
Inga Hilbig

This study investigates Lithuanian refusals to comply with requests. Refusals are face-threatening speech acts. They can endanger social relationships, and therefore require mitigation by employing politeness means. The aim of the study is to find out strategies, sub-strategies, internal and external modifications of Lithuanian refusals. The research data was collected from students using an open-ended discourse completion test and consists of 1046 refusals. Summarizing the results, it can be stated that Lithuanians opt for indirect refusals. When refusing directly, the least straightforward strategy – stating the inability to comply with a request – is used, especially by women. Refusals (especially the direct ones) are often mitigated with external modifications that were again more frequent in women’s responses. Socioculturally, the most acceptable and thus polite way to refuse in Lithuanian is to apologize and provide reasons. Overall, there is a clear tendency to express positive politeness when refusing.


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