Seasonal Food Habits of Four Game Bird Species in Okanogan County, Washington

The Murrelet ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Knight ◽  
A. David Every ◽  
Albert W. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Food Habits ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Game Bird

scholarly journals Diet of Ornate Hawk-Eagle (Spizaetus ornatus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fagner Daniel Teixeira ◽  
Elisa Paraíso Mesquita ◽  
Michele Alves Ferreira ◽  
Felipe Carvalho de Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Field Observation ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Young Individual ◽  
Top Predator ◽  
Espinhaço Range ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Report Data

AbstractThe Ornate Hawk-Eagle (Spizaetus ornatus) is a top predator and inhabits mainly preserved forests. It occurs from Mexico to Argentina and throughout Brazil, where it is threatened by extinction. It hunts birds, mammals and reptiles, picking up both on the ground and on the branches in the forest. Here we report data on a pair and one young individual of this species registered in the southeast of Minas Gerais state, eastern portion of the Espinhaço Range, Brazil. In addition, a literature review on the diet of the species was carried out aiming gather data on food habits. The nesting territory, as well as the nest was discovered in semi-deciduous seasonal forest area. We recorded predation of a Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture (Cathartes burrovianus) by the young. After two days of observation, the nest was overthrown, what allowed its screening for other food items discovered after analysis of some feathers and bones. Detailed records of predation of S. ornatus were non-existent or inaccurate. Taking together our own field observation and the literature review, we found 121 taxa consumed by S. ornatus. A total of 78 bird species were reported, mainly Galliformes, followed by medium-sized mammals (38 species), well represented by Rodentia and Primates.

Diet and Breeding Seasonality among a Population of Sharp-Tailed Munias, Lonchura striata, in Malaysia

The Auk ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-166
Author(s):  
Michael L. Avery
Keyword(s):  
Food Habits ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Filamentous Alga ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Insect Abundance ◽  
Breeding Seasonality ◽  
Natural Cycles

Abstract From April 1975 through March 1977, the food habits and breeding seasonality of a population of Sharp-tailed Munias (Lonchura striata) were studied in northwestern peninsular Malaysia. The abundance of munias on the study area varied in accordance with the 6-month rice-growing cycle there. The population peaked in March and September when juvenile birds were most numerous and when rice was most plentiful. Field observations and stomach analyses showed that the munias ate rice and the green filamentous alga, Spirogyra, almost exclusively. The primary periods of algae eating occurred in January and June-August, coinciding with the munias' two peak periods of reproductive activity, as determined by gonadal examination. Apparently munias on the study area ate Spirogyra as a source of protein to enable them to become physiologically ready for breeding, much as othe tropical bird species eat insects. Thus, unlike other species, Sharp-tailed Munias' breeding seasonality is determined by manmade cycles of rice cultivation rather than by natural cycles of rain and insect abundance.

scholarly journals Survey of Haemosporidian Parasites in Resident and Migrant Game Birds of Illinois

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 661-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendall L. Annetti ◽  
Nelda A. Rivera ◽  
John E. Andrews ◽  
Nohra Mateus-Pinilla
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
Bird Conservation ◽  
Canada Geese ◽  
Aggregation Index ◽  
Game Bird ◽  
Haemosporidian Parasites ◽  
Game Birds ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Haemosporidian parasites are globally distributed in avian species, and are capable of leading to decreased reproductive success, weakness, and mortality. Bird conservation groups and organizations concerned with the health and immunological status of avian populations are interested in haemosporidian parasites that affect reproduction and population growth. Haemosporidian infection data are not yet always available for some avian species in specific regions. These data provide the starting points for researchers to evaluate geographical and temporal changes in the patterns of infection and prevalence across populations. We examined haemoparasite infections in four game bird species commonly hunted in Illinois. We calculated prevalence, mean intensity, median intensity, and mean abundance of haemosporidians, and evaluated the relation of these infection measures associated with age and sex of the avian hosts. Game species sampled (N = 237) included migrants such as mourning doves Zenaida macroura, wood ducks Aix sponsa, and Canada geese Branta canadensis, as well as resident birds such as wild turkeys Meleagris gallopavo. We identified only Haemoproteus, Plasmodium, and Leucocytozoon species. Haemoproteus was the most prevalent haemosporidian (46/237), followed by Plasmodium (11/237). Furthermore, Haemoproteus was the most persistent haemosporidian, as it was the only parasite genera that we found in all four avian species. We found coinfections in 55% of turkeys, but found no significant correlations between the genera of haemosporidinan coinfections and a host species. Moreover, no significant differences in the proportion of infected individuals (prevalence) and haemosporidian quantities (levels of intensity and abundance) were related to biotic factors such as age and sex of the host. However, parasite aggregation (distribution of parasites among hosts) was affected by age, as adult turkeys and juvenile doves showed the highest aggregation index (Poulin's index of discrepancy) for Haemoproteus spp. This study reveals patterns of infection and parasite aggregations that vary widely among different game bird species and provides baseline data on avian haemosporidians that, to the best of our knowledge, is not currently available in the state of Illinois for these avian species. Finally, wildlife biologists can use these patterns for management of landscape or host species to support conservation efforts.

scholarly journals Landscape and spatial patterns of avian influenza virus in Danish wild birds, 2006-2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lene Kjær ◽  
Charlotte Hjulsager ◽  
Lars Larsen ◽  
Anette Boklund ◽  
Tariq Halasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Game Bird ◽  
Migrating Birds

Avian influenza (AI) is a contagious disease of birds with zoonotic potential. AI virus (AIV) can infect most bird species, but clinical signs and mortality vary. Assessing the distribution and factors affecting AI incidence can direct targeted surveillance to areas at risk of disease outbreaks, or help identify disease hotspots or areas with inadequate surveillance. Using virus surveillance data from passive and active AIV wild bird surveillance, 20062020, we investigated the association between a range of landscape factors and game bird release and the presence of AIV. Furthermore, we assessed potential bias in the passive AIV surveillance data submitted by the public, via factors related to public accessibility. Lastly, we tested the AIV data for possible hot and cold spots within Denmark. The passive surveillance data was biased regarding accessibility to areas (distance to roads, cities and coast) compared to random locations within Denmark. We found significant effects of variables related to coast, wetlands and cities for the passive and active AIV surveillance data (P< 0.01), but found no significant effect of game bird release. We used these variables to predict the risk of AIV presence throughout Denmark, and found high-risk areas concentrated along the coast and fjords. For both passive and active surveillance data, low-risk clusters were mainly seen in Jutland and northern Zealand, whereas high-risk clusters were found in Jutland, Zealand, Funen and the southern Isles such as Lolland and Falster. Our results suggest that landscape affects AIV presence, as coastal areas and wetlands attract waterfowl and migrating birds and therefore might increase the potential for AIV transmission. These findings have enabled us to create risk maps of AIV incidence in wild birds and pinpoint high-risk clusters within Denmark. This will aid targeted surveillance efforts within Denmark and potentially aid in planning the location of future poultry farms.

A Viewpoint concerning the Significance of Studies of Game Bird Food Habits

The Condor ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon W. Gullion
Keyword(s):  
Food Habits ◽  
Game Bird

scholarly journals A complete dietary review of Japanese birds with special focus on molluscs

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuta Morii ◽  
Munehiro Kitazawa ◽  
Theodore E. Squires ◽  
Megumi Watanabe ◽  
Yoshiaki Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Habits ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Japanese Archipelago ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Japanese Archipelago ◽  
General Diet ◽  
Specific Food

AbstractBirds often hold important positions in the food webs of ecosystems. As a result, interactions between birds and their prey have attracted attention not only in ecology, but also in fields like agriculture and conservation. Avian food resources are well researched in Japan, however there is no database critically reviewing molluscs as a food resource for birds. Here, we present a new database reviewing dietary information for all Japanese bird species. In addition to addressing general diet categories and specific food habits for each bird, we include detailed data on the molluscan prey observed for all species that consume them. The information within this database was collected through intense literary review to provide a complete look at bird species historically present around the country. We also include new information on snail species found in the upper digestive tract of harvested wild birds. This database is publicly available in the Zenodo repository. The information should aid research around the Japanese archipelago, especially projects involving birds or molluscs.

Impact of harvest on survival of a heavily hunted game bird population

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginie Rolland ◽  
Jeffrey A. Hostetler ◽  
Tommy C. Hines ◽  
H. Franklin Percival ◽  
Madan K. Oli
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Northern Bobwhite ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Hunting Pressure ◽  
Annual Survival ◽  
Northern Bobwhites ◽  
Game Bird ◽  
Specific Mortality

Context. Despite their economic importance and intensive management, many game bird species, including the northern bobwhite Colinus virginianus, are in decline. Declines may be explained, at least in part, by low survival due perhaps to poor habitat quality, high predation or excessive hunting pressure. Aims. This study sought to estimate and model annual/seasonal survival probabilities, to evaluate factors influencing them and to determine the cause-specific mortality rates for northern bobwhites subject to varying levels of harvest on the Babcock–Webb Wildlife Management Area (BW area), south Florida, USA. Methods. We applied Cox’s proportional hazard models to data collected from 2066 radio-tagged bobwhites during 2002–2008 to test for intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting survival and the non-parametric cumulative incidence function estimator to estimate cause-specific mortality rates. Key results. Mean annual survival (0.091 ± 0.006) in the BW area was lower than most estimates reported for other bobwhite populations. Annual survival differed between adults (0.111 ± 0.008) and juveniles (0.052 ± 0.008), and varied among years. Survival in winter (October–March; 0.295 ± 0.014) was similar to that in summer (April–September; 0.307 ± 0.013). Density of food strips (i.e. long and narrow food plots) did not influence survival, but hunting effort (number of hunters per day per km2) had a substantial negative impact on survival. In the lightly hunted field trial zone, winter (October–March) survival was significantly higher (0.414 ± 0.035) than in the other more heavily hunted management zones (0.319 ± 0.016). Cause-specific mortality analyses revealed that bobwhite mortality during summer (April–September) was mainly due to raptor (39.7%) and mammalian predation (35.6%), whereas hunting was the primary cause of mortality during winter (47.1%). Conclusions. Our results highlight the potential role of harvest as an important cause of the northern bobwhite population declines in south Florida. High mortality during winter may reduce recruitment of juveniles to the reproductive segment of the population, and ultimately the population growth. Implications. Our results suggest that reduction in hunting pressure may be necessary to reverse the declining population trends in heavily hunted game species in public lands, such as the northern bobwhites in the BW area.

Current update on drugs for game bird species

2007 ◽  
Vol 231 (10) ◽  
pp. 1506-1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha L. Needham ◽  
Alistair I. Webb ◽  
Ronald E. Baynes ◽  
Jim E. Riviere ◽  
Arthur L. Craigmill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Game Bird

Influence of Maternal Education on Food Consumption and Energy and Nutrient Intake in a Group of Pre-School Children from Madrid

2003 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navia ◽  
Ortega ◽  
Requejo ◽  
Perea ◽  
López-Sobaler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
School Children ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Dietary Adequacy ◽  
Consumption Energy ◽  
Maternal Educational Level ◽  
Energy And Nutrient Intake

A study was conducted on the influence of maternal education level on food consumption, energy and nutrient intake, and dietary adequacy in 110 pre-school children from Madrid, Spain. With increasing maternal education, children consumed more sugar (p < 0.05), fruit (p < 0.05), and fish (p < 0.05). Snacking was more frequent with decreasing maternal education (p < 0.05). Though statistical significance was not reached, the consumption of pre-cooked foods was greater among children of mothers educated to a higher level, a phenomenon probably related to the work situation of these women. With respect to dietary composition, no significant differences were found between groups for macronutrient, fiber and energy intakes, except for energy supplied by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which was greater in the children of less educated women (p < 0.01). This is probably due to their greater consumption of sunflower seed oil. The diets of children belonging to well-educated mothers came closer to meeting the recommended intakes for folate, vitamin C, and iodine. It would seem that maternal educational level influences the food habits of children. Mothers with less education may require special advice in this area.

Dietary intake of tryptophan tied emotion-related impulsivity in humans

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Javelle ◽  
Descartes Li ◽  
Philipp Zimmer ◽  
Sheri L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
Serotonin Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid Tryptophan ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Three Factor

Abstract. Emotion-related impulsivity, defined as the tendency to say or do things that one later regret during periods of heightened emotion, has been tied to a broad range of psychopathologies. Previous work has suggested that emotion-related impulsivity is tied to an impaired function of the serotonergic system. Central serotonin synthesis relies on the intake of the essential amino acid, tryptophan and its ability to pass through the blood brain barrier. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the association between emotion-related impulsivity and tryptophan intake. Methods: Undergraduate participants (N = 25, 16 women, 9 men) completed a self-rated measure of impulsivity (Three Factor Impulsivity Index, TFI) and daily logs of their food intake and exercise. These data were coded using the software NutriNote to evaluate intakes of tryptophan, large neutral amino acids, vitamins B6/B12, and exercise. Results: Correlational analyses indicated that higher tryptophan intake was associated with significantly lower scores on two out of three subscales of the TFI, Pervasive Influence of Feelings scores r =  –.502, p < . 010, and (lack-of) Follow-Through scores, r =  –.407, p < . 050. Conclusion: Findings provide further evidence that emotion-related impulsivity is correlated to serotonergic indices, even when considering only food habits. It also suggests the need for more research on whether tryptophan supplements might be beneficial for impulsive persons suffering from a psychological disorder.

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