The Influence of Collegiate and Corporate Codes of Conduct on Ethics-Related Behavior in the Workplace

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. McCabe ◽  
Linda Klebe Trevino ◽  
Kenneth D. Butterfield
Keyword(s):  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Corporate Ethics ◽  
Honor Code ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Corporate Code ◽  
Corporate Codes Of Conduct

AbstractCodes of conduct are viewed here as a community's attempt to communicate its expectations and standards of ethical behavior. Many organizations are implementing codes, but empirical support for the relationship between such codes and employee conduct is lacking. We investigated the long term effects of a collegiate honor code experience as well as the effects of corporate ethics codes on unethical behavior in the workplace by surveying alumni from an honor code and a non-honor code college who now work in business. We found that self-reported unethical behavior was lower for respondents who work in an organization with a corporate code of conduct and was inversely associated with corporate code implementation strength and embeddedness. Self-reported unethical behavior was also influenced by the interaction of a collegiate honor code experience and corporate code implementation strength.

The role of translation in the cross-cultural transferability of corporate codes of conduct

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geneviève Tréguer-Felten
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Corporate Code ◽  
Corporate Codes Of Conduct

Multinationals’ corporate codes of conduct are meant to guide employees throughout organizations. Research draws attention to their problematic cross-cultural transferability but hardly ever considers whether a monolingual version or a translation into employees’ mother tongue is used, making language a non-issue. A position disproved by empirical work on the diverse understandings of values formulated in English as a lingua franca or on translation negative impact when employees do not recognize themselves in the personnel depicted. Drawing upon the translation (from English into French) of a specific code of conduct that embeds it in the local culture, I contend that translation is the key to corporate code cross-cultural transferability. Articulating a cross-cultural discourse analysis (using semantic, syntactic and enunciative categories) of the source and target texts with a culture interpretive approach (d’Iribarne, 1989, La Logique de l’Honneur. Paris: Seuil.), I ‘deconstruct’ the translation process and show how the combination of apparently insignificant linguistic modifications – that is, collective staff designations replacing individual ones or vice versa; moral qualities turned into social or professional merits; and so on – make the target-text steer away from the initial cultural context and set action in a new cultural setting likely to entail a similar effect on the staff. The cultural underpinnings of the translated code find confirmation in local organizations’ corporate codes of conduct as well as in literature on the targeted country. The findings also highlight the fact that the transposition of the corporate code core notions brings about different manners of putting them into practice. Applying such an interdisciplinary approach to explore either locally produced or translated corporate codes of conduct could highlight the beliefs and business norms acceptable here and there and help practitioners to successfully perform the advocated cross-cultural transfer of corporate codes of conduct.

scholarly journals Corporate codes of conduct: Are three generations sufficient to ensure the effective enforcement of labour rights?

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-118
Author(s):  
Aneta Tyc
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Corporate Code ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Labour Rights ◽  
Corporate Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Illegal Activities

In the 1970s, the number of reports concerning unethical or illegal activities of multinational corporations increased and led to discussions within international organisations. In 1976, the OECD was first to adopt its Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises. The ILO adopted its Tripartite Declaration of Principles concerning Multinational Enterprises and Social Policy in 1977, and UN issued the Global Compact in 2000. Subsequently, many codes of conduct have been established to provide a stable framework in which MNEs conduct their business. The purpose of this paper is to assess, through the prism of three generations of codes, if self-regulation is sufficient to ensure the effective enforcement of labour rights. I fill the gap in existing research by providing a comprehensive explanation for the shortcomings of this instrument. Research indicates that there is a lack of involvement of social partners in the decision-making process leading to the adoption of codes of conduct. Once adopted, they impose lower standards than the public regulatory frameworks. They are more selective in their choice of labour rights. There are also many difficulties in implementing, monitoring and enforcing a corporate code of conduct. These tools mainly address marketing aims and respond to the unfavourable publicity produced by the media about the inconsistency of certain corporate policies with international labour standards. I conclude by discussing how codes of conduct could be transformed to more eƒectively address workers’ rights.

scholarly journals Business Ethics and Integrity a Case Study on 300 U.S. Listed Companies

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-80
Author(s):  
Diana-Maria Tinjala ◽  
Lavinia Mirela Pantea ◽  
Buglea Alexandru
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Business Ethics ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Corporate Ethics ◽  
Moral Integrity ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
Corporate Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
Corporate Social

Abstract Profit-maximizing behavior or moral integrity? Can companies have both? Our study takes a look at 300 U.S. based companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ, and their way of dealing with business ethics. The research undertaken focuses on the content analysis method, using the corporate Codes of conduct and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) reports. The study reveals the evolution of the corporate ethics policies and programs throughout the years 2010- 2014. We also take a look at the most frequent controversies concerning business integrity, by sectors of activity

thermore, a formal code is not the only way to achieve the desired result. As sug-gested earlier, a strong culture of academic integrity can exist at an institution that has no formal code but communicates the importance the community places on in-tegrity in other ways. McCabe, Treviño, and Butterfield's (1996) study of 318 alumni of two private liberal arts colleges suggested honor codes can have long-term effects on behavior. The study focused on alumni who had graduated from their respective colleges be-tween 1962 and 1989, allowing the researchers to test hypotheses about the long-term effects of collegiate honor codes as well as the effect of codes of ethics at their current work organizations. The results supported previous work by show-ing that dishonest behavior in the workplace can be reduced by an organizational code of ethics. The results also show that dishonest behavior in the workplace var-ies inversely with the strength of implementation of an organizational code of eth-ics (i.e., the degree of managerial commitment to the code and the degree to which an organization attempts to communicate its code to employees and to ensure com-pliance) and the degree to which a code of ethics is deeply embedded in the organi-zation's culture (i.e., the degree to which the code is understood and accepted by employees and guides their day-to-day interactions and activities). The results also indicate that college honor codes can have an enduring effect: Dishonest behavior in the workplace was lowest for participants who had experienced an honor code environment in college and who currently worked in an organization that had a strongly implemented code of ethics. Overall, this work suggests that participation in multiple honor code communities can play a part in reducing dishonest behav-ior, particularly if the honor codes are well implemented and strongly embedded in the organizational culture. Faculty Views of Academic Integrity Policies Faculty members' views of academic integrity policies, and how these views differ across code and noncode schools, was the subject of McCabe's (1993) study of 800 faculty at a geographically diverse sample of 16 U.S. colleges and universities. This study showed that faculty at code schools were more likely to rate their school higher than noncode schools on factors such as students' understanding of aca-demic integrity policies, faculty support of these policies, and the overall effective-ness of the policy. Faculty at code schools were also more likely to believe that stu-dents should play a significant part in the judicial process associated with academic cheating. This study also revealed that faculty at both code and noncode schools are reluctant to report cheating and prefer to handle suspected cases of cheating on their own rather than appeal to institutional policies and procedures. Furthermore, this study confirmed student perceptions that many faculty do not treat cases of aca-demic dishonesty very harshly. For example, more than half of the noncode faculty reported that their most likely reaction to an incident of cheating would be failure

2003 ◽  
pp. 10-21
Keyword(s):  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Academic Integrity ◽  
Liberal Arts ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
Honor Code ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Judicial Process ◽  
Honor Codes

Ethical Considerations for Healthcare Organizations

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (03) ◽  
pp. 266-278
Author(s):  
Paul R. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Competence ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Corporate Code ◽  
Unethical Conduct

AbstractEthical misbehavior in the delivery of healthcare creates harm not only to individual therapists and administrators who might choose to overstep ethical boundaries but also, more broadly, causes harm to patients, to healthcare organizations, to professional organizations, and ultimately to society. Both corporate codes of conduct and professional codes of ethics are important, because they set standards of conduct and penalize noncompliant or unethical conduct. The purposes of this article are (1) to differentiate corporate compliance from ethics in a healthcare organization; (2) to explain the application of ethics principles to organizational and professional behaviors; (3) to discuss three important ethical issues (cultural competence, conflict of interest, and employer demands); and (4) to emphasize that, whether applying a corporate code of conduct or a professional code of ethics (or both), the integrity of each individual is essential to ethical behavior. To illustrate these concepts, ASHA's Code of Ethics is discussed in detail (including the ethics complaint adjudication process), and hypothetical case studies are presented under the macro headings of Cultural Competence, Conflict of Interest, and Employer Demands.

scholarly journals Impact of rating and praise campaigns on local government environmental governance efficiency: Evidence from the campaign of establishment of national sanitary cities in China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253703
Author(s):  
Genli Tang ◽  
Minghai Lin ◽  
Yilan Xu ◽  
Jinlin Li ◽  
Litai Chen
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Impact

Background Ecological and environmental protection is essential to achieving sustainable and high-quality development, which highlights the important role of environmental governance. In terms of the practical actions of environmental governance, the central government in China has carried out continuous rating and praise campaigns, and local governments have actively promoted this effort. However, the related performance consequences have not been empirically investigated. We aimed to verify whether this incentive policy can improve the efficiency of environmental governance and whether this governance method has long-term effects. In addition, we sought to identify mechanisms through which the policy can improve environmental governance. Method We take the rating and praise campaign of the Establishment of National Sanitary Cities (EONSCs) as a quasi-natural experiment and use the panel data for 174 cities from 2004 to 2016 and the propensity score matching-difference in differences (PSM-DID) method to test the impact of rating and praise campaigns on environmental governance efficiency. Results EONSCs campaign can improve the efficiency of environmental governance by 0.7595 (p<0.01), which is significant at the 1% level; the effects are clearly significant during the evaluation process and the year in which cities are named National Sanitary Cities (NSCs) but decrease annually thereafter. The EONSCs campaign has a significant promoting effect on public services provision, such as public infrastructure investment, public transportation and education. Conclusions (1) The rating and praise campaigns can effectively improve the efficiency of environmental governance; (2) the incentive effect is distorted and is not a long-term effect; (3) the impact of the rating and praise campaign of EONSCs on the efficiency of environmental governance is mainly realized through the provision of corresponding public services that are closely related to environmental protection. The findings of this paper provide empirical support for the effectiveness of the central government’s rating and praise campaigns and could motivate local governments to actively participate in environmental governance. Moreover, the findings provide an important reference for further improving the rating and praise campaigns and the level of environmental governance.

scholarly journals Remote Microphone System Use in the Homes of Children With Hearing Loss: Impact on Caregiver Communication and Child Vocalizations

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 633-642
Author(s):  
Emily C. Thompson ◽  
Carlos R. Benítez-Barrera ◽  
Gina P. Angley ◽  
Tiffany Woynaroski ◽  
Anne Marie Tharpe
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Environmental Analysis ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Home Setting ◽  
System Use ◽  
Parental Reports ◽  
Children With Hearing Loss ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study examined the impact of home use of remote microphone systems (RMSs) on caregiver communication and child vocalizations in families of children with hearing loss. Method We drew on data from a prior study in which Language ENvironmental Analysis recorders were used with 9 families during 2 consecutive weekends—1 that involved using an RMS and 1 that did not. Audio samples from Language ENvironmental Analysis recorders were (a) manually coded to quantify the frequency of verbal repetitions and alert phrases caregivers utilized in communicating to children with hearing loss and (b) automatically analyzed to quantify children's vocalization rate, duration, complexity, and reciprocity when using and not using an RMS. Results When using an RMS at home, caregivers did not repeat or clarify their statements as often as when not using an RMS while communicating with their children with hearing loss. However, no between-condition differences were observed in children's vocal characteristics. Conclusions Results provide further support for home RMS use for children with hearing loss. Specifically, findings lend empirical support to prior parental reports suggesting that RMS use eases caregiver communication in the home setting. Studies exploring RMS use over a longer duration of time might provide further insight into potential long-term effects on children's vocal production.

scholarly journals Cultivating Patriotism—A Pioneering Note on a Russian Dimension of Corporate Ethics Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Natalia N. Yashalova ◽  
Dmitry A. Ruban ◽  
Natalia A. Latushko
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Corporate Ethics ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
World War ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Ethics Management ◽  
Corporate Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Significant Attention ◽  
Country Specific

Corporate codes of conduct address various issues, some of which can be country-specific. A tentative analysis of the content of 42 codes of the leading Russian private companies implies that about a quarter of them consider patriotism, which generally matches the significant attention paid to this issue in Russian society. Of 10 companies with the biggest annual revenue, four (40%) consider patriotism in their codes. The main topics are pride in a company’s relevance to state development, initiatives, and interests, as well as care for the veterans of the World War II. The present study implies that patriotism can be an important dimension of corporate ethics management in some countries.

Ovarian Dysfunction in Fetally Irradiated Beagles

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 658-659
Author(s):  
T. M. Seed ◽  
M. H. Sanderson ◽  
D. L. Gutzeit ◽  
T. E. Fritz ◽  
D. V. Tolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Ovarian Dysfunction ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Ovarian Pathology ◽  
Normal Offspring

The developing mammalian fetus is thought to be highly sensitive to ionizing radiation. However, dose, dose-rate relationships are not well established, especially the long term effects of protracted, low-dose exposure. A previous report (1) has indicated that bred beagle bitches exposed to daily doses of 5 to 35 R 60Co gamma rays throughout gestation can produce viable, seemingly normal offspring. Puppies irradiated in utero are distinguishable from controls only by their smaller size, dental abnormalities, and, in adulthood, by their inability to bear young.We report here our preliminary microscopic evaluation of ovarian pathology in young pups continuously irradiated throughout gestation at daily (22 h/day) dose rates of either 0.4, 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 R/day of gamma rays from an attenuated 60Co source. Pups from non-irradiated bitches served as controls. Experimental animals were evaluated clinically and hematologically (control + 5.0 R/day pups) at regular intervals.

Ultrastructural investigations of MDL 19,660-induced effects on the canine platelet and megakaryocyte

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-375
Author(s):  
D.E. Loudy ◽  
J. Sprinkle-Cavallo ◽  
J.T. Yarrington ◽  
F.Y. Thompson ◽  
J.P. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Induced Aggregation ◽  
Internal Architecture

Previous short term toxicological studies of one to two weeks duration have demonstrated that MDL 19,660 (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,4-dihydro-2,4-dimethyl-3Hl, 2,4-triazole-3-thione), an antidepressant drug, causes a dose-related thrombocytopenia in dogs. Platelet counts started to decline after two days of dosing with 30 mg/kg/day and continued to decrease to their lowest levels by 5-7 days. The loss in platelets was primarily of the small discoid subpopulation. In vitro studies have also indicated that MDL 19,660: does not spontaneously aggregate canine platelets and has moderate antiaggregating properties by inhibiting ADP-induced aggregation. The objectives of the present investigation of MDL 19,660 were to evaluate ultrastructurally long term effects on platelet internal architecture and changes in subpopulations of platelets and megakaryocytes.Nine male and nine female beagle dogs were divided equally into three groups and were administered orally 0, 15, or 30 mg/kg/day of MDL 19,660 for three months. Compared to a control platelet range of 353,000- 452,000/μl, a doserelated thrombocytopenia reached a maximum severity of an average of 135,000/μl for the 15 mg/kg/day dogs after two weeks and 81,000/μl for the 30 mg/kg/day dogs after one week.

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