Toward a Theory of Medieval Manorial Adjudication: The Nature of Communal Judgments in a System of Customary Law

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Beckerman

Historical inquiry into the character of local dispute resolution and the operation of customary law in medieval England begins in manorial courts, since it is from those local courts that the most abundant documentation survives. Were the judgments of these courts “principled” in the sense of being rooted in substantive legal rules that courts ordinarily followed, or were they ad hoc determinations based on factual circumstances invisible to the modern reader? Can historians extrapolate behavioral norms and shared cultural values from the manor court records that survive in increasing profusion from the second quarter of the thirteenth century?

1963 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-94
Author(s):  
J. F. de S. Lewis-Barned

The year 1962 saw an important step towards further integration of the judicial system of Tanganyika.Before describing what has taken place in recent months, it would perhaps be appropriate to sketch briefly the historical background of the Local Courts appeal system.The German administration, whilst tacitly recognizing the existence of a system of customary law and procedure, in fact administered justice at District level through an officer similar to the British District Commissioner, who heard cases himself, though he was sometimes required to recognize a specific customary law. Sometimes he delegated his authority on his own initiative and in an ad hoc manner, either to leading persons such as the pre-existing Liwalis and Kadhis, or to Akidas who had been appointed by the Germans themselves. However, the actual responsibility for the administration of justice was not generally delegated nor were native courts defined or established until the advent of British administration.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-222
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Bagus Sempidi Junior ◽  
Anak Agung Sagung Laksmi Dewi ◽  
Desak Gde Dwi Arini

Development of information technology through legal infrastructure and its regulation so that the use of Information Technology is carried out safely to prevent its misuse by taking into account the religious and socio-cultural values of the Indonesian people. . The research method uses normative legal research and problem approaches using statutory and conceptual approaches. The results of the study show that consumer legal protection in online Electronic Commerce business transactions is regulated through online sale and purchase agreements based on conventional formal and material terms accompanied by buying and selling transactions carried out electronically through computer media. Settlement of disputes in e-commerce business transactions via online, is carried out both non-litigation and litigation. The suggestion is to the Government, it is hoped that participation in solving problems is very important, if a case like this occurs between different countries, then the settlement of this problem must be determined which legal rules will be used to solve it. The purpose of this study is to determine legal protection for consumers in electronic commerce business transactions through online, and how to resolve disputes that occur in electronic commerce business transaction agreements through online


Author(s):  
Wayan Resmini ◽  
Abdul Sakban

Pengadilan, oleh masyarakat tidak lagi dilihat sebagai lembaga penyelesaiain sengketa satu-satunya. Saat ini keberadaan lembaga pengadilan sudah terindikasi dengan berbagai kasus korupsi, kolusi, dan nepotisme, yang lebih dikenal dengan istilah KKN. Hal ini mengingat banyak produk keputusan pengadilan yang menyimpang dari asas-asas keadilan, cepat dan berbiaya murah. Dalam konteks inilah diperlukan model alternative penyelesaian sengketa pada masyararakat hukum adat yang lebih efisien, adil serta akomodatif guna menjaga kelesterian dan keberlanjutan kehidupan masyarakat hukum adat, yang lebih manusiawi dan berkeadilan. Tradisi penyelesaian sengketa pada masyarakat hukum adat didasarkan pada nilai filosofi kebersamaan (komunal), pengorbanan, nilai supernatural, dan keadilan. Dalam masyarakat hukum adat kepentingan bersama merupakan filosofi hidup yang meresap pada setiap anggota masyarakat adat. Pelaksanaan hasil mediasi yang sudah disakralkan dihadapan tokoh adat, apalagi sudah dilakukan dengan suatu upacara adat (ritual), maka kesepakatan tersebut harus dilaksanakan dengan segera, bila salah satu pihak mengingkari atau tidak bersedia melaksanakan hasil mediasi, maka pihak tersebut akan mendapatkan sanksi adat dari masyarakat hukum adat. Sanksi adat diberikan atas pertimbangan, bahwa pengingkaran kesepakatan damai merupakan bentuk pengingkaran terhadap nilai dan rasa keadilan masyarakat hukum adat. Penjatuhan sanksi adat dijatuhkan oleh tokoh adat yang bertindak sebagai penjaga nilai keadilan dan warisan leluhur dalam masyarakat hukum adat.The court, by the community is no longer seen as the only dispute resolution agency. At present the existence of a court institution has been indicated by various cases of corruption, collusion and nepotism, which are better known as KKN. This is because there are many products of court decisions that deviate from the principles of justice, fast and low cost. In this context an alternative model of dispute resolution is needed in the customary law community that is more efficient, fair and accommodative in order to maintain the sustainability and sustainability of the life of indigenous peoples, who are more humane and just. The tradition of dispute resolution in indigenous peoples is based on the values of communal philosophy, sacrifice, supernatural values, and justice. In indigenous peoples the common interest is a life philosophy that permeates every member of the indigenous community. The implementation of the mediation results that have been sacred before traditional leaders, moreover has been done with a traditional ceremony (ritual), then the agreement must be carried out immediately, if one party denies or is unwilling to carry out the mediation results, the party will get customary sanctions from the community customary law. Customary sanctions are given for consideration, that the denial of a peace agreement is a form of denial of the values and sense of justice of indigenous peoples. The imposition of customary sanctions is imposed by traditional leaders who act as guardians of the value of justice and ancestral heritage in indigenous and tribal peoples. 


2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-90
Author(s):  
Kurnia Sari Wiwaha ◽  
Ustadi Hamsah

Islam has been known as a religion of Rahmatn lil’alamiin which guarantees inclusion and maintains a treatise on all humanity. However, the interpretation of universality of Islam does not meet a common understanding even though within Muslim community itself. Those diverse interpretations have resulted in how the universality of Islam has been expressed. One of those quarrels toward interpretation is the discussion of Islam Nusantara. West Sumatera is one of the regions in Indonesia which implements Islamic law as its customary law in which rejection against Islam Nusantara has been echoed across the borders. The rejection caused reactions from various parties since West Sumatera strongly stated the rejection as a way for preserving it. Those dispute has been sharpened by the online news in several Indonesian media that began to raise the phenomenon up. This research aim to find out how those medias frame the news and whether online media contribute on minimizing public tensions. This research used descriptive method with qualitative approach. The source of the data focused on Indonesian online media news on 2018 and was analyzed with framing analysis from Robert N. Entman and also using the concept of treatment recommendation as an analyzes of dispute resolution. The results discovered that media with its framing analysis technique has their own moral judgement and treatment recommendation as a form of dispute resolution towards discourses in the media. This moral judgment can show the tendency and alignment of a media regarding an issue. In addition, the media also has an important role in developing the audience’s mindset in the midst of dispute it can be analyzed from the treatment recommendation that can be used as a media based dispute resolution.   Islam merupakan agama rahmatan lil ‘alamiin dan bersifat universal serta hadir sebagai sebuah risalah seluruh umat manusia. Akan tetapi, pemaknaan terhadap universalitas Islam tidak seragam terlebih pemaknaannya bagi kalangan umat Islam itu sendiri. Hal ini menimbulkan banyak interpetasi yang bermacam-macam untuk mengekspresikan universalitas Islam ini. Salah satu bentuk interpretasi ini adalah munculnya istilah Islam Nusantara yang kembali menuai perdebatan. Sumatera Barat merupakan salah satu wilayah di Indonesia dengan hukum Islam dan adatnya yang sangat kuat menolak pengistilahan ini. Penolakan ini menimbulkan banyak reaksi dari beberbagai pihak. Hal ini dikarenakan, Sumatera Barat yang sangat menjaga kelestarian budayanya menolak wacana ini yang memiliki visi samaseperti yang dimiliki Sumatera Barat. Arena pertarungan ini diperluas oleh adanya pemberitaan di media-media online Indonesia yang mulai mengangkat fenomena ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menemukan bagaimana media membingkai pemberitaan dan apakah media juga memiliki peran untuk meminimalisasi ketegangan yang terjadi antara pihak yang bertikai. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Sumber data yang diperoleh mengacu pada pemberitaan media online mainstream Indonesia pada tahun 2018 dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik analisis framing media model Robert N. Entman dan treatment recommendation sebagai bentuk dispute resolution wacana di media. Hasil dari penelitan ini mengungkapkan bahwa dalam pembingkaian sebuah berita, media memiliki moral judgement-nya masing-masing. Moral Judgement ini yang dapat memperlihatkan arah atau keberpihakan suatu media terhadap suatu isu. Selain itu, media juga memiliki peranan penting dalam mendewasakan khalayak di tengah konflik. Hal ini terlihat dari adanya treatment recommendation yang dapat digunakan sebagai dispute resolution berbasis media.


Author(s):  
Elizabeth Tippett

Mnookin and Kornhauser’s Bargaining in the Shadow of the Law is a critically important work for the alternative dispute resolution (ADR) field because it legitimized the study of negotiation within the legal academy. It did so by tethering bargaining to jurisprudence. Without Mnookin and Kornhauser’s insight that bargaining is a function of legal rules, the law remains confined to its portrayal in a standard first-year curriculum....


2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-888
Author(s):  
Mathias Siems

Abstract What can comparative law compare? It is relatively uncontroversial that certain topics are included in its scope. For example, there is little doubt that any comparison between legal rules of different countries belongs to the field of comparative law. Beyond this traditional scope, some comparatists include further topics, for example, suggesting that legal systems of the past, subnational laws, and informal forms of dispute resolution can also be possible units of comparative law. But why stop here? As many legal topics involve elements of comparison, it may only be logical to make any comparison in law part of the field of comparative law. However, such a suggestion about the broadening of comparative law also needs to assess whether the methods and concepts of comparative law can be made suitable for non-conventional units. Therefore, this Article will discuss both the possible extensions to the scope of comparative law and the corresponding power of comparative law to deal with these new units of comparison.


1963 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob O. Ibik

This conference was sponsored jointly by the Government of Tanganyika and the University College, Dar es Salaam, and was financed by the Ford Foundation. It was attended by delegates from African countries, some of whose legal systems have been influenced by common law, some by European civil law or Islamic law. Official representatives came from Ethiopia, Ghana, the Ivory, Coast, Nigeria, Northern Rhodesia, Nyasaland, Sierra Leone, the Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, Tanganyika, and Zanzibar. Some celebrated authorities on Islamic law and African customary law attended as observers, and contributed a great deal to the discussions. The chairman of the conference was the Tanganyikan Minister of Justice, Sheik Amri Abedi, and the secretary general was Mr P. J. Nkambo Mugerwa of the local Faculty of Law.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document