Violence against women – an indicator of gender equality?!

2016 ◽  
pp. 63-86
Author(s):  
Daniela Gloor ◽  
Hanna Meier
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Violence Against Women

scholarly journals The Implementation Challenges to Women Protection Laws in Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol III (I) ◽  
pp. 253-264
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zubair ◽  
Syed Imran Haider ◽  
Farhana Khattak
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
International Development ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
The Political ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
Normative Structure ◽  
Implementation Challenges ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
Political Interests

Gender equality and the elimination of violence against women has been taken a high priority on the international development agenda. Pakistan has introduced different laws from time to time for the safety and protection of women across the country including the different provinces. The paper analyzed pro-women and girl laws in the provinces of Sindh and tried to find out the barriers in the implementation of such laws. The major barriers found include the structural barriers at the level of judicial, police and the system of prosecution. In addition, the socio-cultural normative structure of society is strongly patriarchal. The political interests of different leaders, as well as political parties, also get the issue of implementation compromised.

scholarly journals THE PECULIARITIES OF IMPLEMENTATION OF GENDER POLICY IN SECURITY AND DEFENSE SPHERES ON THE EXAMPLE OF UN AND NATO

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna Klymchuk ◽  
◽  
Olena Shtraikher ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Special Rapporteur ◽  
Gender Policy ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
And Gender

The study examines the peculiarities of the implementation of gender policy in the field of security and defense by the example of the UN and NATO. To achieve this goal, we considered the legal regulation of gender equality in the field of security and defense of the UN and NATO; analyzed the work of institutional mechanisms for the implementation of gender policy in the field of security and defense by the example of the UN and NATO; characterized the peculiarities of cooperation between Ukraine, the UN and NATO in ensuring gender equality in the field of security and defense. The legal regulation of gender equality at the UN and NATO levels was considered, in particular a number of resolutions (UN Security Council Resolutions on Women, Peace and Security No. 1325, No. 1820, No. 1888, No. 1889, No. 1960, No. 2106, No. 2122, No. 2422, No. 2467, No. 2493), which recognizes the importance of involving women and gender mainstreaming in peace negotiations, humanitarian planning, peacekeeping, post-conflict peacebuilding, governance, and equal participation of women at all levels of conflict prevention or protection from sexual violence. Also the authors analyzed the work of institutional mechanisms responsible for the implementation of gender policy of the UN and NATO, in particular, their expertise and scope of activities. It was clarified that the following persons responsible for the implementation of UN Security Council Resolutions in NATO: Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Women, Peace and Security; NATO Gender Office; Gender Adviser at the International Military Staff; a number of advisory committees and working groups led by NATO Strategic Command; Civil Society Advisory Council on Women, Peace and Security. At the same time, the UN has seven expert institutions and regional independent human rights experts to combat discrimination and gender-based violence against women and girls: UN Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women; UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women; UN Working Group on Discrimination against Women and Girls; Committee of Experts on the Follow-up Mechanism to the Belem-Par Convention; Expert Group on Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence; Special Rapporteur on Human Rights in Africa of the African Commission on Human Rights; Human Rights Rapporteur. In addition, a number of sub-organizations and programs have been established at the UN level to achieve gender equality in all spheres of life, such as the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), the HeForShe IMPACT 10x10x10 movement and the UN-Women. Aspects of Ukraine's cooperation with the UN and NATO in ensuring gender equality in the field of security and defense are highlighted separately. The importance and effectiveness of cooperation between Ukraine and the Alliance during the war in Eastern Ukraine have been established. The support by the UN of Ukraine in fulfilling the obligations within the international regulatory framework on the introduction of gender equality and women’s rights was also analyzed.

scholarly journals An Explorative Study of Men’s Masculinity Constructions and Proximity to Violence against Women.

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Peter Martin Jansson ◽  
Christian Kullberg
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
The Other ◽  
Violent Crimes ◽  
Explorative Study

This explorative study aimed to develop an understanding of how a sample of two groups of men, considered to be situated at different ends of Connell’s masculinity continuum, construct their masculinity, and how these constructions relate to their proximity to violence against women (VAW). One group consisted of five men incarcerated for violent crimes (MIVC) that had previously used VAW. The other included five participants in the pro-feminist group Men Against Violence (MAV), without prior VAW. An abductive approach, using qualitative interviews, was employed. Results show that the MIVC participants appeared ambivalent, unreflective, and inconsistent in their masculinity constructions, and used VAW as part of their problem-solving repertoire. The MAV participants appeared to have a reflexive stance towards gender equality and consistently adopted inclusive ways of enacting masculinity and preventing VAW. The study can only provide some support to the postulated relationship between men’s masculinity positions and their attitudes toward VAW.

Regulatory and legal environment of counterfeiting and prevention of domestic violence against women

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hbur Liusia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Forced Marriage ◽  
World Community ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Domestic Violence Against Women ◽  
Istanbul Convention

The article analyzes the legal support for combating and preventing domestic violence against women. The statistics show that in 2020 the bodies and institutions entrusted with the functions of implementing measures to prevent and combat domestic violence received 211,362 complaints about domestic violence, of which – 2,756 from children, 180,921 – from women , 27 676 – from men. It is concluded that the ratification of the Istanbul Convention is still open, which currently helps all signatory states to effectively combat a wide range of phenomena, including psychological violence, physical violence, sexual violence, especially rape, forced marriage, forced abortion, forced abortion, forced abortion. genitals, crimes in the name of so-called «honor», harassment, sexual harassment, etc. In addition, the need to ratify the Istanbul Convention has been and continues to be insisted on by the world community, as by signing this Convention, Ukraine has committed itself to ratifying it in the future. It is determined that the normative-legal provision of prevention and counteraction to domestic violence against women consists of a set of international covenants, declarations and conventions, normative-legal and by-laws normative-legal acts. It has been found that the number of reports of violence against women is increasing every year, so the legislator should work to prevent any forms of domestic violence by amending the legislation governing preventive measures. Keywords: violence, women, gender equality, Istanbul Convention, domestic violence, combating violence, domestic violence, gender equality

The Long-Term Struggle for Violence against Women Legislation: The Guatemalan Women's Movement and the Politics of Patience

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Erin Beck
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Women's Movement ◽  
Political Reform ◽  
Women's Movements ◽  
Social Mobilization ◽  
History Of ◽  
Term Analysis ◽  
Over Time

Abstract A scholarly consensus depicts strong, autonomous domestic women's movements as critical for the passage of gender equality reforms, alongside openings in domestic and international political contexts. What, then, is a nascent women's movement seeking gender equality reforms to do if it lacks strength or a history of autonomous organizing? A long-term analysis of the Guatemalan women's movement's push for reforms to address violence against women demonstrates that one potential road forward is through a “politics of patience,” rooted in the pursuit of cumulative, incremental victories. Adopting a politics of patience allows nascent domestic movements in developing and post-transition contexts to achieve incremental victories that create future political openings while simultaneously building movement strength and autonomy over time. This finding highlights the temporal and strategic power of women's movements, as well as the iterative and potentially reinforcing nature of social mobilization and political reform.

Gender-Related Ideological and Structural Macrosocial Factors Associated With Intimate Partner Violence Against European Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Ludmila Zapata-Calvente ◽  
Jesús L. Megías ◽  
Miguel Moya ◽  
Dominik Schoebi
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Gender Role Beliefs ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Traditional Gender Role

Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is investigated mostly at the individual level, which ignores the role of macrosocial variables and possible interactions between them. We explored how two ideological gender-related macrosocial factors (traditional gender role beliefs and attitudes toward gender equality) and one structural gender-related macrosocial factor (the economic Gender Equality Index) are associated with physical, psychological, and sexual IPVAW in Europe. We examined their interactions with individual-level factors in predicting IPVAW. Secondary analysis ( N = 30,284 heterosexual women) of the 2015 European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights’ Violence Against Women survey revealed that 26.1% of women in Europe reported at least one act of physical, psychological, or sexual violence. Generalized linear mixed models analysis revealed that individual-level factors (women’s education, childhood victimization, equal say about income, partner’s alcohol consumption, and an aggressive partner) were associated with IPVAW. Adding the Eurobarometer of Gender Equality ( N = 28 countries) and the Gender Equality Index ( N = 28 countries), attitudes more favorable to gender equality were related to lower rates of psychological victimization; more traditional gender role beliefs predicted higher rates of sexual victimization. Ideological gender-related macrofactors played an important role in cross-level interactions with individual-level factors. To reduce the rates of IPVAW victimization, clinicians, educators, and policy makers need to focus on individual predictors and macrofactors to promote societal attitudes toward equality and change traditional gender role socialization. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/0361684319839367

scholarly journals Does country-level gender equality explain individual risk of intimate partner violence against women? A multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy (MAIHDA) in the European Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Karin Ivert ◽  
Enrique Gracia ◽  
Marisol Lila ◽  
Maria Wemrell ◽  
Juan Merlo
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Contextual Effects ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Individual Heterogeneity ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Discriminatory Accuracy ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Gender equality is widely accepted as an important explanatory factor for the occurrence of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women. However, the relationship is not straightforward, as high country-level gender equality is not always associated with lower IPV prevalence. We apply ‘multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy’ (MAIHDA) to (i) quantify the extent to which the country of residence determines individual risk of IPV and (ii) investigate the association between country-level gender equality and individual experience of IPV, and to which extent this association explains the observed between-country differences. Methods Using data from the 2012 European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights survey on violence against women we applied MAIHDA to analyse experiences of physical and sexual IPV among 42 000 women living in the EU. We fitted three consecutive models, and calculated specific individual contextual effects (measures of association) as well as the general contextual effects (measures of variance) and the discriminatory accuracy (DA). Results Our findings show that the relationship between experiences of IPV and country-level gender equality is weak and heterogeneous. The general contextual effect is small and the DA is low, indicating that country boundaries are rather irrelevant for understanding the individual risk of IPV. Conclusions Findings from the present study do not imply that that gender equality is unimportant in relation to IPV, but rather that information on country of residence or country-level gender equality does not discriminate very well with regards to individual experiences of IPV in cross-national comparisons.

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