THE CHANGING FORM OF THE CORPORATE ANNUAL REPORT

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Lee
Keyword(s):  
Annual Report ◽  
Business Management ◽  
Corporate Identity ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Visual Metaphors ◽  
Corporate Character ◽  
Annual Reporting ◽  
Using Data

The purpose of this paper is to observe and explain signs of a historical change in the form of annual reporting of very large British industrial corporations. It is based on an argument by Sikes [1986], supported by Ewen [1988], that contemporary business management uses the annual report to reflect corporate style by means of visual metaphors of corporate character. Using data extracted from the annual reports of a small sample of British industrial corporations, the paper reports results consistent with the argument. The data indicate the annual reports of these corporations have increasingly been used as stylistic means of establishing corporate identity in a consumer-oriented world. This raises concern about the effectiveness of such reports as mechanisms of corporate governance.

EXPLORING THE CONTENTS OF THE BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAILROAD ANNUAL REPORTS: 1827–1856

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary John Previts ◽  
William D. Samson
Keyword(s):  
Annual Report ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Corporate Disclosure ◽  
University Of Alabama ◽  
Complete Collection ◽  
Archival Collection ◽  
Annual Reporting ◽  
The University ◽  
Disclosure Practice ◽  
Corporate Practice

In 1995, a nearly complete collection of the annual reports of the earliest interstate and common carrier railroad in the U. S., the Baltimore and Ohio (B&O), was rediscovered in the archival collection at the Bruno Library of the University of Alabama. Dating from the company's inception in 1827 to its acquisition by the Chessie System in 1962, the reports present a unique opportunity for the exploration, study, and analysis of early U.S. corporate disclosure practice. This paper represents a study of the annual report information made publicly available by one of America's first railroads, and one of the first modern U.S. corporations. In this paper, early annual reports of the B&O which detail its formation, construction, and operation are catalogued as to content and evaluated. Mandated in the corporate charter, the annual “statement of affairs” presented by the management and directors to stockholders is studied as a process and as a product that instigated the institutional corporate practice recognized today as “annual reporting.” Using a single company methodology for assessment of reporting follows a pattern developed by Claire [1945] in his analysis of U.S. Steel and utilized by other researchers. This study demonstrates the use of archival information to improve understanding about the origins and contents of early annual reports and, therein, related disclosure forms.

scholarly journals ISLAMIC CORPORATE IDENTITY IN THE PRACTICE OF ANNUAL REPORT DISCLOSURE ISLAMIC BANK

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Ratih Paramitasari
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Corporate Identity ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Reporting Standards ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Islamic Financial Institutions ◽  
The Ideal

<span>The development of Islamic banking is directed to provide great benefit to society and contribute optimally to the national economy. Islamic banking system and conventional banking system together synergistically supports the mobilization of public funds broadly improve the ability of finance to sectors of national economy. Together with the development of Islamic banking industry in Indonesia, there are many controversies from the community, where most problems highlighted are sticking the label of syariah in Islamic financial institutions are still considered not feasible. Based to these problems, researchers want to conduct this research on the suitability of the annual report disclosure practices of Islamic banks in Indonesia to the reporting standards that reflect the ideal of Islamic Corporate Identity.This study using a checklist for the data analysis consisting of the five themes and the eight dimensions that are should be disclosed in annual reports of Islamic banks. From the results of the assessment aspect of the checklist is then poured in the index EII (ethical identity index). From the calculation of EII, it can be seen that the annual report disclosure practices syariah banks for 2007, 2008, and 2009, has approached the ideal reporting standards that reflect the Islamic Corporate Identity.</span>

scholarly journals Pengaruh Islamic Corporate Identity (ICI) terhadap Kinerja Bank Syariah di Indonesia

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Eka Laily Romadhani ◽  
Rofiul Wahyudi
Keyword(s):  
Annual Report ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Corporate Identity ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Reporting Standards ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Data Regression

This study aims to determine the suitability of annual reports that reflectIslamic Corporate Identity and its influence on the performance of islamicbank. Design of this research is causal research with quantitative approach.Samples of this research are Bank Muamalat Indonesia and Bank SyariahMandiri. Secondary data were obtained from annual reports from 2010 to2012 as data collection techniques of this study. To analyze the data of Islamic Corporate Identity (ICI), the writer used a checklist of eight dimensions disclosed in annual reports of Islamic banks. The analysis technique used is the panel data regression analysis using eviews. The results of this study can be concluded that the disclosure of Islamic Corporate Identity (ICI) in the annual report of Bank Muamalat Indonesia and Bank Mandiri Syariah compliant reporting standards that reflect the Islamic ideal Corporate Identity (ICI) with an average value of 85%. Islamic Corporate Identity (ICI) has influence on a CAR of 85.30%, amounting to 92.67% FDR, NPF amounting to 95.2%. Islamic Corporate Identity (ICI) has no effect on ROA, ROE and ROA.Perbankan Syariah merupakan representasi dari gelombang baru perusahaanyang mempunyai fungsi sosial sejajar penti ngnya dengan mencari keuntungan (profit oriented). Salah satu fungsi sosial tersebut adalah zakat. Apabila perusahaan berorientasi pada zakat berarti sama halnya dengan berorientasi pada kinerja perusahaan secara keseluruhan, sebab untuk meningkatkan kemampuan zakat perusahaan harus terlebih dahulu meningkatkan kinerja perusahaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kinerja keuangan terhadap zakat perbankan syariah. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian terapan. Variabel Independen yang digunakan adalah kinerja keuangan diproksi dengan Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), Non Performing Financing (NPF), Return on Asset (ROA) dan Biaya Operasional terhadap Pendapatan Operasional (BO/PO), variabel dependen berupa zakat perbankan syariah. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perbankan syariah, baik Bank Umum Syariah (BUS) maupun Unit Usaha Syariah (UUS) di Indonesia. Metode penentuan sampel dengan metode purposive sampling, dan berdasarkan kriteria jumlah sampel yaitu tiga BUS dan dua UUS periode tahun 2007-2012. Data penelitian merupakan data sekunder berupa laporan tahunan dan laporan keuangan yang diperoleh masing-masing dari annual report. Pengujian hipotesis penelitian digunakan teknik analisis regresi dengan data panel dengan alat bantu aplikasi eviews versi 6. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap zakat, 2) Non Performing Financing (NPF) tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap zakat, 3) Return on Asset (ROA) tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap zakat, 4) Biaya Operasional terhadap Pendapatan Operasional (BO/PO) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap zakat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja keuangan memiliki pengaruh yang berbeda pada setiap rasio yang diwakili terhadap zakat perbankan syariah. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh adanya pengaruh FDR dan BO/PO terhadap zakat perbankan syariah, sedangkan ROA dan NPF tidak berpengaruh terhadap zakat. Namun, variabel independen secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel dependen. Sehingga disimpulkan bahwa untuk mencapai kinerja perusahaan yang tinggi dibutuhkan kemampuan untuk meningkatkan zakat. 

scholarly journals The need to improve enterprises’ annual reporting in the context of its users’ characteristics. Evidence from Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 109 (165) ◽  
pp. 157-172
Author(s):  
Ewa Śnieżek ◽  
Michał Wiatr ◽  
Katarzyna Ciach ◽  
Joanna Piłacik
Keyword(s):  
Information Needs ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Financial Analyst ◽  
Internal Auditor ◽  
Business Information ◽  
Annual Reporting ◽  
Research Gap

Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to present the results of research among Polish annual report users on their information needs regarding improving the financial and non-financial information in annual reports. Methodology/approach: The study was conducted using two research techniques. The first one is an online survey addressed to respondents of an external database; the second one is individual inter-views. The 694 responses were analyzed to find a relationship between the responses and the characteris-tics of the respondents, such as gender, age, or education. The survey was conducted among people se-lected randomly who had experience in professions such as tax advisor, accountant, chartered accountant, financial analyst, financial advisor, investor, controller, management accounting specialist, internal auditor, and manager. Findings: The data analysis showed the legitimacy of the actions taken to improve the ap-proach to both the scope and structure of annual reports in the context of their users’ needs. However, like any empirical study, the results of this study should be interpreted with caution. While the research is an attempt to fill the research gap in the area under study, it is also relevant to practice. Originality/value: The results can contribute to a better understanding of the needs of users of business information, and thus, the opportunity to meet them.

scholarly journals An Empirical Investigation on Annual Reporting Practices of Malaysian State Islamic Religious Councils: Issues and Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
Rosnia Masruki ◽  
Noor Azlinna Azizan
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Reporting Guidelines ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Top Management ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
Total Absence ◽  
Annual Reporting

This paper aims to evaluate the extent and quality of disclosure of annual report and to investigate in-depth explanation on the obtained evaluation. Specifically, semi-structured interviews are conducted to address the reasons/constraints of such disclosure/non-disclosure and for not preparing an annual report. This study found that there are external and internal problems in preparing annual reports; where it was inferred that the internal problems are more serious. The former consists of lack of enforcement and reporting guidelines, whereas the latter includes attitudes of top management, lack of staff, difficulties in preparing annual reports and transformation of SIRC organisations. However, such a lack of enforcement is the main reason for the inconsistency of the annual report disclosure of some SIRC and its total absence from others. This was highlighted by majority of the interviewees. Despite of those problems, most of the SIRC’s accountants claim that they are becoming more active in issuing annual reports. It seems advantageous to address those issues and challenges and SIRC should consider producing a comprehensive annual report for the discharge of their accountability and thus, encourage more funding. They should be more transparent to enhance accessibility, concerning the extent and quality of the disclosure.Consequently, this study was able to make empirical contributions to the literature, and particularly to the practice and knowledge of this type of institutional accounting.

scholarly journals Annual reporting by social enterprise organizations: “legitimacy surplus” or reporting deficit?

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1997-2025
Author(s):  
Ciaran Connolly ◽  
Martin Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Social Enterprise ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Organizational Contexts ◽  
Social Mission ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Legal Obligations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Annual Reporting

PurposeDrawing on an accountability framework developed for social enterprise organizations (SEOs), this paper examines the annual report disclosure practices of SEOs in the United Kingdom in order to investigate the types of accountability disclosed by SEOs.Design/methodology/approachAfter developing a SEO database, and utilizing a bespoke document coding checklist, the annual reports of 129 SEOs were examined.FindingsThe results indicate that while SEOs would be expected to account in line with normative stakeholder theory, many do not provide constructive and voluntary accountability information to their stakeholders, at least through the annual report, and that their focus is on satisfying legal obligations.Originality/valueIn response to calls for research to better understand accountability in new organizational contexts, this paper makes two contributions: firstly, by extending prior accountability research in the NFP sector to consider organizational hybrids, it raises questions about organizational accountability and how it is discharged in situations where an organization operates as a business and yet is accountable for its social mission; secondly, assuming these organizations are driven by their business and social logics, the findings suggest that SEO accountability disclosure practices are inconsistent with the social objectives on which they are based.

The Annual Reports of the Prison Commissioners for Scotland and Religion, 1903–1931

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-101
Author(s):  
Cameron McKay
Keyword(s):  
Annual Report ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Parental Neglect ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Causes Of Crime ◽  
Criminological Theories ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

During the late nineteenth and early twentieth century penologists began to explore the possibility that environment and upbringing, as opposed to individual choice, were the causes criminality. The Prison Commissioners for Scotland, the devolved body who administered prisons north of the border, were not immune to this wider trend. Smith has argued that from the 1890s onwards the Commissioners began to accept that criminality was caused by social problems, namely alcoholism, but also parental neglect, poor education and poverty. In their efforts to test these new criminological theories, the Commissioners began to make more careful enquiries into the backgrounds of their charges. From 1896 to 1931 the Commissioners interviewed a sample of prisoners each year and included the findings in their annual report. Although the main focus of these interviews was on the upbringing and drinking habits of prisoners; by the 1900s the Commissioners seem to have added irreligion to the growing list of etiological causes of crime, and from 1903 onwards prisoners were asked to give details on their religious habits. Although it is debateable how much the Prison Commissioners revealed about the relationship between religion and crime, they did however provide a useful insight into the religiosity of the average prisoner.

Responding to “Discrediting” Events: Annual Report Disclosure Responses to Environmental Fines

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein Warsame ◽  
Cynthia V. Simmons ◽  
Dean Neu
Keyword(s):  
Impression Management ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Matched Pair ◽  
Disclosure Quality ◽  
Publicly Traded ◽  
Environmental Disclosure ◽  
Environmental Disclosures ◽  
Disclosure Responses

In this study we consider how a discrediting event such as an environmental fine influences the quality of environmental disclosures in subsequent annual reports. Starting from prior work in the areas of impression management along with environmental and social responsibility disclosures, we propose that environmental disclosures provide organizations with a method of “managing” such discrediting events. Using a matched-pair sample of publicly traded Canadian companies that have been subject to environmental fines and those that have not; we analyze changes in pre-fine and post-fine environmental disclosure quality. After controlling for firm-specific characteristics, the provided results are consistent with this explanation.

Confidence intervals for a difference between lognormal means in cluster randomization trials

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 598-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Poirier ◽  
GY Zou ◽  
John Koval
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Cluster Randomization ◽  
Critical Pathway ◽  
Arithmetic Means ◽  
Multiple Parameters ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Small Sample Sizes

Cluster randomization trials, in which intact social units are randomized to different interventions, have become popular in the last 25 years. Outcomes from these trials in many cases are positively skewed, following approximately lognormal distributions. When inference is focused on the difference between treatment arm arithmetic means, existent confidence interval procedures either make restricting assumptions or are complex to implement. We approach this problem by assuming log-transformed outcomes from each treatment arm follow a one-way random effects model. The treatment arm means are functions of multiple parameters for which separate confidence intervals are readily available, suggesting that the method of variance estimates recovery may be applied to obtain closed-form confidence intervals. A simulation study showed that this simple approach performs well in small sample sizes in terms of empirical coverage, relatively balanced tail errors, and interval widths as compared to existing methods. The methods are illustrated using data arising from a cluster randomization trial investigating a critical pathway for the treatment of community acquired pneumonia.

scholarly journals Corporate Social Responsibility Information in Annual Reports in the EU—A Czech Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radka MacGregor Pelikánová
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Annual Reporting ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Eu

The commitment of the European Union (EU) to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is projected into EU law about annual reporting by businesses. Since EU member states further develop this framework by their own domestic laws, annual reporting with CSR information is not unified and only partially mandatory in the EU. Do all European businesses report CSR information and what public declaration to society do they provide with it? The two main purposes of this paper are to identify the parameters of this annual reporting duty and to study the CSR information provided by the 10 largest Czech companies in their annual statements for 2013–2017. Based on legislative research and a teleological interpretation, the current EU legislative framework with Czech particularities is presented and, via a case study exploring 50 annual reports, the data about the type, extent and depth of CSR is dynamically and comparatively assessed. It appears that, at the minimum, large Czech businesses satisfy their legal duty and e-report on CSR to a similar extent, but in a dramatically different quality. Employee matters and adherence to international standards are used as a public declaration to society more than the data on environmental protection, while social matters and research and development (R&D) are played down.

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