The Economic Consequences of Hosting the Olympic Games: International Evidence from Cross-Listings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Tsang ◽  
Kun Tracy Wang ◽  
Nathan Zhenghang Zhu ◽  
Li YU
Keyword(s):  
Host Country ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
International Evidence ◽  
Cross Listing ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
International Reputation ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
The Olympic Games

Based on evidence from nine countries that hosted the Olympic Games, we show that relative to firms domiciled in non-Olympics-hosting countries, firms domiciled in Olympics-hosting countries engage in more cross-listing in the years following the Olympics. The effect of hosting the Olympics on firms’ cross-listing activities is more pronounced for firms domiciled in host countries with better performance in the Games; for firms domiciled in countries hosting the Summer Olympics; and for domestic firms. We also find that cross-listing firms domiciled in an Olympics-hosting country tend to cross-list in foreign countries with a greater institutional distance from the host country after the Olympics. Finally, we document a positive effect of Olympics-hosting on the consequences of cross-listing. Taken together, our findings suggest that hosting the Olympics improves the international reputation of the host country, which helps firms domiciled in that country to overcome the liability of foreignness when making cross-listing decisions.

The Economic Benefits of Mega Events: A Myth or a Reality? A Longitudinal Study on the Olympic Games

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengli Tien ◽  
Huai-Chun Lo ◽  
Hsiou-Wei Lin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Mega Events ◽  
Winter Olympic Games ◽  
Mega Event ◽  
The Olympic Games

This study concerns research related to mega events, such as the Olympic Games, to determine whether the economic impact of the Olympic Games on the host countries is significant. This study uses two methods, panel data analysis and event study, to test hypotheses based on the data from 15 countries that have hosted 24 summer and winter Olympic Games. The results indicate that the economic impact of the Olympic Games on the host countries is only significant in terms of certain parameters (i.e., gross domestic product performance and unemployment) in the short term. These findings provide decision makers with comprehensive and multidimensional knowledge about the economic impact of hosting a mega event and about whether their objectives can be realized as expected.

scholarly journals Atmosphere within the Artificial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
George Ahern
Keyword(s):  
Host Country ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Generative Process ◽  
The People ◽  
Artificial Environment ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Stream ◽  
Design Techniques ◽  
The Olympic Games

<p>The Olympic Games are celebrated around the world; however, each Games puts pressure on the host city and its infrastructure as well as the people that reside there, which was evident for the latest host country Brazil. This is a global and political topic and my design aims to provide a solution to the unsustainable construction of sporting infrastructure every four years. This thesis will investigate atmosphere through the design of an artificial Olympic island and the resulting architecture resolved within this artificial environment. The proposition that structures this thesis is how to amplify atmosphere within an artificial environment. The proposition of this research was resolved through materiality, light and threshold in order to amplify the atmospheric qualities of the architecture. This was explored through three scales; a design investigation, a domestic scale, and a public scale, using a ‘design as research’ methodology allocated to the research stream. The result of this research came through the development of a boat club for the Olympic Island, showing the rowing and canoe events at the Games. The architecture was resolved through the composition of atmospheric techniques from Zumthor and the formal strategies of Eisenman. The material qualities, juxtaposed with the formal structures generated thresholds through the change in material and lighting qualities. To conclude, it was found that amplifying atmosphere was achieved through a generative process based on the composition of design techniques.</p>

scholarly journals Benefitting from immigration: The value of immigrants’ country knowledge for firm internationalization

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Kunczer ◽  
Thomas Lindner ◽  
Jonas Puck
Keyword(s):  
Model Specification ◽  
Institutional Characteristics ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
International Business Theory ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Firm Internationalization ◽  
Resource Commitment ◽  
Foreign Operations ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Migrants are able to provide firms with knowledge about their country of origin. This can become a valuable source of knowledge for firms in the process of internationalization. Relating to a Knowledge-Based-View perspective, this paper explains how the resource commitment of firms to foreign countries is contingent on immigration from those countries: Immigrants’ country knowledge reduces uncertainty and makes the governance of foreign operations more efficient. Moreover, this paper connects the relevance of knowledge for firm internationalization to institutional characteristics in immigrants’ home and host countries, both of which policymakers can shape. We test predictions on more than 13,000 observations over a 14-year period (2003–2016). The paper identifies economically significant contingencies of a positive effect of immigration, which are robust to changes in model specification, measurement, and sampling. The results indicate how immigration can shape firms’ investments abroad and have implications for developing policy as well as international business theory.

scholarly journals Atmosphere within the Artificial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
George Ahern
Keyword(s):  
Host Country ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Generative Process ◽  
The People ◽  
Artificial Environment ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Stream ◽  
Design Techniques ◽  
The Olympic Games

<p>The Olympic Games are celebrated around the world; however, each Games puts pressure on the host city and its infrastructure as well as the people that reside there, which was evident for the latest host country Brazil. This is a global and political topic and my design aims to provide a solution to the unsustainable construction of sporting infrastructure every four years. This thesis will investigate atmosphere through the design of an artificial Olympic island and the resulting architecture resolved within this artificial environment. The proposition that structures this thesis is how to amplify atmosphere within an artificial environment. The proposition of this research was resolved through materiality, light and threshold in order to amplify the atmospheric qualities of the architecture. This was explored through three scales; a design investigation, a domestic scale, and a public scale, using a ‘design as research’ methodology allocated to the research stream. The result of this research came through the development of a boat club for the Olympic Island, showing the rowing and canoe events at the Games. The architecture was resolved through the composition of atmospheric techniques from Zumthor and the formal strategies of Eisenman. The material qualities, juxtaposed with the formal structures generated thresholds through the change in material and lighting qualities. To conclude, it was found that amplifying atmosphere was achieved through a generative process based on the composition of design techniques.</p>

On the Sustainable Development of Competitive Sports in "Post Olympic" Period of Olympic Hosting Countries - Based on System Regulation Theory

2011 ◽  
Vol 225-226 ◽  
pp. 132-137
Author(s):  
Chun Li Han ◽  
Chun Ling Wei
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Intelligent Control ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Competitive Sports ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Control Body ◽  
Modulation Methods ◽  
The Olympic Games

From the three aspects which conclude the strength and level, the function and the development condition of the competitive sports, it analyzed the competitive sports sustainable development system of host countries of the Olympic Games after the period of Olympic Games. From the three aspects which conclude the regulation thoughts, modulation methods and regulation ways, it constructed the competitive sports sustainable development’s system regulation of host countries of the Olympic Games after the period of Olympic Games. It introduced the intelligent control methods of the fuzzy control, the vague control, the set control, extension control, the rough control, fuzzy extension and consultation control and so on, as well as proposed the viewpoint that carried on the control by using the intelligent control body of the intelligent control integration, and established the intelligent control body model.

The Effects of Significant International Sports Events on Hungarian Suicide Rates

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karoly Bozsonyi ◽  
Peter Osvath ◽  
Sandor Fekete ◽  
Lajos Bálint
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Intervention Analysis ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Sport Events ◽  
The Olympic Games

Abstract. Background: Several studies found a significant relationship between important sport events and suicidal behavior. Aims: We set out to investigate whether there is a significant relationship between the raw suicide rate and the most important international sports events (Olympic Games, FIFA World Cup, UEFA European Championship) in such an achievement-oriented society as the Hungarian one, where these sport events receive great attention. Method: We examined suicide cases occurring over 15,706 days between January 1, 1970, and December 31, 2012 (43 years), separately for each gender. Because of the age-specific characteristics of suicide, the effects of these sport events were analyzed for the middle-aged (30–59 years old) and the elderly (over 60 years old) generations as well as for gender-specific population groups. The role of international sport events was examined with the help of time-series intervention analysis after cyclical and seasonal components were removed. Intervention analysis was based on the ARIMA model. Results: Our results showed that only the Olympic Games had a significant effect in the middle-aged population. Neither in the older male nor in any of the female age groups was a relationship between suicide and Olympic Games detected. Conclusion: The Olympic Games seem to decrease the rate of suicide among middle-aged men, slightly but significantly.

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