Three-Dimensional Imaging in Vascular Surgery

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Gurajala ◽  
Milind Desai ◽  
Tara M. Mastracci
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Surgery ◽  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Noninvasive Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Aortic Disease ◽  
Preoperative Imaging ◽  
Tomographic Images ◽  
Ct And Mri

Managing complex aortic disease is one of the major challenges facing vascular surgery. With the advent of endovascular technology over the last two decades, there has been a rapid adoption of minimally invasive techniques allowing for the treatment of more complex disease. For many aortic disorders, the endovascular approach has replaced open surgery. This increases the preoperative imaging demands as accurate preoperative imaging, intraoperative assistance, and stringent postoperative surveillance have all become imperative. In diagnosing and planning management of aortic disease, digital subtraction angiography, which was once considered to be the gold standard, has been replaced by noninvasive imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although there are other noninvasive imaging techniques, such as duplex ultrasonography and echocardiography, images thus acquired do not provide an anatomic overview and the possibility of treatment planning. Additionally, the information collected is often operator dependent. CT and MRI allow imaging of the entire aorta and its branches in high resolution, as well as extraluminal structures that may impact care. Images are readily presented as two-dimensional tomographic images; however, analysis and treatment planning using these images can be time consuming and tedious. Thus, three-dimensional reformatting and visualization have evolved, enabling presentation of the vasculature in a more convenient and intuitive way. This review explores the role of CT and MRI in everyday clinical practice. This review contains 18 figures, 4 tables, and 26 references.

scholarly journals Current Applications, Opportunities, and Limitations of AI for 3D Imaging in Dental Research and Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4424
Author(s):  
Kuofeng Hung ◽  
Andy Wai Kan Yeung ◽  
Ray Tanaka ◽  
Michael M. Bornstein
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Planning ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Automated Diagnosis ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Facial Scanning

The increasing use of three-dimensional (3D) imaging techniques in dental medicine has boosted the development and use of artificial intelligence (AI) systems for various clinical problems. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and intraoral/facial scans are potential sources of image data to develop 3D image-based AI systems for automated diagnosis, treatment planning, and prediction of treatment outcome. This review focuses on current developments and performance of AI for 3D imaging in dentomaxillofacial radiology (DMFR) as well as intraoral and facial scanning. In DMFR, machine learning-based algorithms proposed in the literature focus on three main applications, including automated diagnosis of dental and maxillofacial diseases, localization of anatomical landmarks for orthodontic and orthognathic treatment planning, and general improvement of image quality. Automatic recognition of teeth and diagnosis of facial deformations using AI systems based on intraoral and facial scanning will very likely be a field of increased interest in the future. The review is aimed at providing dental practitioners and interested colleagues in healthcare with a comprehensive understanding of the current trend of AI developments in the field of 3D imaging in dental medicine.

scholarly journals The Role of Imaging in Radiation Therapy Planning: Past, Present, and Future

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisele C. Pereira ◽  
Melanie Traughber ◽  
Raymond F. Muzic
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dose Calculation ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Tissue Contrast ◽  
Anatomical Information

The use of ionizing radiation for cancer treatment has undergone extraordinary development during the past hundred years. The advancement of medical imaging has been critical in helping to achieve this change. The invention of computed tomography (CT) was pivotal in the development of treatment planning. Despite some disadvantages, CT remains the only three-dimensional imaging modality used for dose calculation. Newer image modalities, such as magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and positron emission tomography (PET), are also used secondarily in the treatment-planning process. MR, with its better tissue contrast and resolution than those of CT, improves tumor definition compared with CT planning alone. PET also provides metabolic information to supplement the CT and MR anatomical information. With emerging molecular imaging techniques, the ability to visualize and characterize tumors with regard to their metabolic profile, active pathways, and genetic markers, both across different tumors and within individual, heterogeneous tumors, will inform clinicians regarding the treatment options most likely to benefit a patient and to detect at the earliest time possible if and where a chosen therapy is working. In the post-human-genome era, multimodality scanners such as PET/CT and PET/MR will provide optimal tumor targeting information.

The Overview: Recent Studies on Endometrial Cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 3998-4002
Author(s):  
Dhanalakshmi S. ◽  
Harikrishnan N. ◽  
Janani N. ◽  
P. Shakthi Priya ◽  
Srinivasan M. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Histological Grade ◽  
Preoperative Staging ◽  
Myometrial Invasion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Preoperative Imaging ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics ◽  
Positron Emission

Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States. Prognosis depends on patient age, histological grade, depth of myometrial invasion and/or cervical invasion, and the presence of lymph node metastases. Although EC is staged surgically according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) system, preoperative imaging can assist in optimal treatment planning. Several imaging techniques such as transvaginal ultrasonography (TVUS), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been used as diagnostic tools for preoperative staging of EC. Recently, positron emission tomography (PET), PET/CT, and PET/MRI have also been used in staging these patients. In this article, we review stageing, risk factors, value of imaging in diagnosis, recent research on treatment planning, and detection of recurrent disease in patients with EC.

Quantification of Tumor Blush of Highly Vascularized Tumors with Slow Feeding System: Representative Use for Giant Pituitary Adenomas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshikazu Ogawa ◽  
Kenichi Sato ◽  
Toshiki Endo ◽  
Teiji Tominaga
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Cone Beam Ct ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Preoperative Imaging ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Cavernous Sinus Invasion ◽  
Giant Pituitary Adenomas

abstract Background Modern imaging techniques can identify adverse factors for tumor removal such as cavernous sinus invasion before surgery, but surgeries for giant pituitary adenomas often reveal discrepancies between preoperative imaging and intraoperative findings because pituitary adenomas have feeding arteries with narrow diameters. Current imaging methods are not suitable for tumors with not only large vascular beds but also slow arterial filling. Patients and Methods This prospective study recruited 13 male subjects and 9 female subjects with giant pituitary adenomas between November 2011 and 2018. All the patients were investigated with three-dimensional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, bone image computerized tomography (CT), and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) using a C-arm cone-beam CT scanner with a flat-panel detector and 50% diluted contrast medium. Fine angioarchitecture was evaluated and the tumor blush was quantified using newly developed region of interest (ROI) analysis to establish surgical strategies. Results Seven patients demonstrated no or very faint tumor blushes. In these patients, feeding arteries run centripetally from the surface of the tumor. Fifteen patients showed significant tumor blushes, and the feeding arteries penetrated centrifugally from the inferoposterior pole to the upper pole of the tumor. All the patients were treated according to the angiographic information with successful hemostasis. The patients showed improvement and/or disappearance of the neurologic deficits. The faint and significant blush groups showed significant differences in intraoperative bleeding (p < 0.01) and operation time (p < 0.05). Conclusion Specialized evaluation focused on vascularization is required for successful therapy of giant pituitary adenomas.

Three-Dimensional Synchrotron Virtual Paleohistology: A New Insight into the World of Fossil Bone Microstructures

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1095-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Sanchez ◽  
Per E. Ahlberg ◽  
Katherine M. Trinajstic ◽  
Alessandro Mirone ◽  
Paul Tafforeau
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Tomographic Images ◽  
Acquisition Strategies ◽  
Submicron Scale ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Fossil Bones ◽  
3D Information

AbstractThe recent developments of phase-contrast synchrotron imaging techniques have been of great interest for paleontologists, providing three-dimensional (3D) tomographic images of anatomical structures, thereby leading to new paleobiological insights and the discovery of new species. However, until now, it has not been used on features smaller than 5–7 μm voxel size in fossil bones. Because much information is contained within the 3D histological architecture of bone, including an ontogenetic record, crucial for understanding the paleobiology of fossil species, the application of phase-contrast synchrotron tomography to bone at higher resolutions is potentially of great interest. Here we use this technique to provide new 3D insights into the submicron-scale histology of fossil and recent bones, based on the development of new pink-beam configurations, data acquisition strategies, and improved processing tools. Not only do the scans reveal by nondestructive means all of the major features of the histology at a resolution comparable to that of optical microscopy, they provide 3D information that cannot be obtained by any other method.

scholarly journals Addition of magnetic resonance imaging to computed tomography-based three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy planning for postoperative treatment of astrocytomas: Changes in tumor volume and isocenter shift

2015 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 018-020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puneet Kumar Bagri ◽  
Akhil Kapoor ◽  
Daleep Singh ◽  
Mukesh Kumar Singhal ◽  
Satya Narayan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Tumor Volume ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Conformal Radiotherapy ◽  
Radiotherapy Planning ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy ◽  
Ct And Mri ◽  
Ct Volume

Abstract Introduction: Postoperative radiotherapy is the current gold standard treatment in astrocytomas. Computed tomography (CT)-based radiotherapy planning leads to either missing of the tumor volume or underdosing. The aim of this prospective study was to study the changes in tumor volume on addition of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to CT-based three-dimensional radiotherapy treatment planning of astrocytomas. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five consecutive patients of astrocytoma (WHO grades I-IV) for postoperative three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy were included in this prospective study. Postoperative tumor volumes were contoured on CT-based images and recontoured on CT-MRI images after automated MRI co-registration on treatment planning system Eclipse 8.9.15 as per ICRU-50 report. Tumor volumes were compared with each other. Result: The MRI-based mean and median tumor volume was 24.24 cc ± 13.489 and 18.72 cc (range 5.6-46.48 cc), respectively, while for CT it was 19.4 cc ± 11.218 and 16.24 cc (range: 5.1-38.72 cc), respectively. The mean and median isocenter shift between CT and MRI was 4.05 mm and 4.39 mm (range 0.92-6.32 mm), respectively. There is a linear relationship between MRI and CT volume with a good correlation coefficient of R 2 = 0.989, and MRI-based tumor volume was 1.208 times as compared to CT volume. Statistical analysis using paired sample t-test for the difference in CT and MRI tumor volume was highly significant (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Addition of MRI to the CT-based three-dimensional radiation treatment planning reduces the chances of geographical miss or tumor under dosing. Thus, MRI should be an integral part of three-dimensional planning of astrocytomas.

scholarly journals Advanced hepatic vasculobiliary imaging segmentation and 3D reconstruction as an aid in the surgical management of high biliary stenosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuno Pereira da Silva ◽  
Inês Abreu ◽  
Marco Serôdio ◽  
Luís Ferreira ◽  
Henrique Alexandrino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Surgical Planning ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Biliary Stenosis ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Ct And Mri

Abstract Background Three-dimensional (3D) models are increasingly used to help surgeons, guiding them through the complex hepatic vasculobiliary anatomy. The biliary tract is a relatively untapped territory with only a few case reports described in medical literature. Our aim is to present an innovative 3D reconstruction methodology for biliary imaging and surgical planning, applied to a case of iatrogenic biliary stricture, with fusion of segmented CT and MRI images. Case presentation A selected case of Bismuth type III iatrogenic biliary stenosis for 3D planning. CT and MR studies were acquired with dedicated protocols for segmentation. Two radiologists performed segmentation and 3D model post-processing, fusing both imaging techniques to faithfully render the anatomical structures. Measurements of anatomical landmarks were taken in both the CT/MRI and the 3D model to assure its accuracy and differences in measurement were calculated. The 3D model replicates anatomical structures and pathology with high accuracy, with only 2.2% variation between STL, CT and MRI measurements. The model was discussed with the surgical team and used in the surgical planning, improving confidence in this delicate procedure, due to the detailed prior knowledge of the patient's anatomy. Conclusion Three-dimensional reconstructions are a rapidly growing area of research with a significant impact in the personalized and precision medicine. The construction of 3D models that combine vascular and biliary anatomy, using different imaging techniques, respectively CT and MRI, will predictably contribute to a more rigorous planning of complex liver surgeries.

Mitochondrial Reconstructions Based on Serial Thick Sections and HVEM

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 286-287
Author(s):  
Jerome J. Paulin
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Posterior Pole ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Stereo Imaging ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
Mitochondrial Reticulum

Within the past decade it has become apparent that HVEM offers the biologist a means to explore the three-dimensional structure of cells and/or organelles. Stereo-imaging of thick sections (e.g. 0.25-10 μm) not only reveals anatomical features of cellular components, but also reduces errors of interpretation associated with overlap of structures seen in thick sections. Concomitant with stereo-imaging techniques conventional serial Sectioning methods developed with thin sections have been adopted to serial thick sections (≥ 0.25 μm). Three-dimensional reconstructions of the chondriome of several species of trypanosomatid flagellates have been made from tracings of mitochondrial profiles on cellulose acetate sheets. The sheets are flooded with acetone, gluing them together, and the model sawed from the composite and redrawn.The extensive mitochondrial reticulum can be seen in consecutive thick sections of (0.25 μm thick) Crithidia fasciculata (Figs. 1-2). Profiles of the mitochondrion are distinguishable from the anterior apex of the cell (small arrow, Fig. 1) to the posterior pole (small arrow, Fig. 2).

Image formation analysis of thick biological specimens using three-dimensional power-spectra of through focus series

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 124-125
Author(s):  
Karen F. Han
Keyword(s):  
Inelastic Scattering ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Image Formation ◽  
Energy Filtering ◽  
Ewald Sphere ◽  
Nonlinear Imaging

The primary focus in our laboratory is the study of higher order chromatin structure using three dimensional electron microscope tomography. Three dimensional tomography involves the deconstruction of an object by combining multiple projection views of the object at different tilt angles, image intensities are not always accurate representations of the projected object mass density, due to the effects of electron-specimen interactions and microscope lens aberrations. Therefore, an understanding of the mechanism of image formation is important for interpreting the images. The image formation for thick biological specimens has been analyzed by using both energy filtering and Ewald sphere constructions. Surprisingly, there is a significant amount of coherent transfer for our thick specimens. The relative amount of coherent transfer is correlated with the relative proportion of elastically scattered electrons using electron energy loss spectoscopy and imaging techniques.Electron-specimen interactions include single and multiple, elastic and inelastic scattering. Multiple and inelastic scattering events give rise to nonlinear imaging effects which complicates the interpretation of collected images.

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