The Overview: Recent Studies on Endometrial Cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 3998-4002
Author(s):  
Dhanalakshmi S. ◽  
Harikrishnan N. ◽  
Janani N. ◽  
P. Shakthi Priya ◽  
Srinivasan M. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Histological Grade ◽  
Preoperative Staging ◽  
Myometrial Invasion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Preoperative Imaging ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics ◽  
Positron Emission

Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States. Prognosis depends on patient age, histological grade, depth of myometrial invasion and/or cervical invasion, and the presence of lymph node metastases. Although EC is staged surgically according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) system, preoperative imaging can assist in optimal treatment planning. Several imaging techniques such as transvaginal ultrasonography (TVUS), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been used as diagnostic tools for preoperative staging of EC. Recently, positron emission tomography (PET), PET/CT, and PET/MRI have also been used in staging these patients. In this article, we review stageing, risk factors, value of imaging in diagnosis, recent research on treatment planning, and detection of recurrent disease in patients with EC.

LAPTM4B-35 Overexpression Is an Independent Prognostic Marker in Endometrial Carcinoma

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 745-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan-ling Meng ◽  
Ming-zhu Yin ◽  
Hong-tao Song ◽  
Hua Yang ◽  
Ge Lou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Endometrial Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Histological Grade ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Myometrial Invasion ◽  
Normal Endometrium ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics ◽  
Disease Free

Background:Lysosomal protein transmembrane 4 β-35 (LAPTM4B-35), a novel oncoprotein that belongs to the mammalian 4-tetratransmembrane spanning protein superfamily, has been implicated in oncogenesis and cancer progression in several solid malignances. However, the expression of LAPTM4B-35 and its role in endometrial cancer progression remain unknown.Materials and Methods:We investigated the expression of the LAPTM4B-35 protein by immunohistochemistry in 30 normal endometrium specimens and 165 endometrial carcinomas and analyzed its correlation with various clinicopathologic features, including patient outcome.Results:LAPTM4B-35 immunoreactivity was overexpressed in endometrial carcinoma cases compared with normal endometrium (P < 0.001). High LAPTM4B-35 expression was found in 117 (70.91%) of these 165 carcinomas and was positively correlated with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, histological grade, depth of myometrial invasion, lymph node metastasis, lymph vascular space involvement, and recurrence, but not with age and histological type. Patients with high LAPTM4B-35 expression had significantly poorer overall survival and disease-free survival compared with patients with low expression of LAPTM4B-35 (P = 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that high LAPTM4B-35 expression was an independent prognostic factor for both overall survival and disease-free survival of patients with endometrial carcinoma (both P = 0.005).Conclusions:These results showed that high LAPTM4B-35 expression was associated with progression and prognosis of endometrial carcinoma.

scholarly journals The Role of Imaging in Radiation Therapy Planning: Past, Present, and Future

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisele C. Pereira ◽  
Melanie Traughber ◽  
Raymond F. Muzic
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dose Calculation ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Tissue Contrast ◽  
Anatomical Information

The use of ionizing radiation for cancer treatment has undergone extraordinary development during the past hundred years. The advancement of medical imaging has been critical in helping to achieve this change. The invention of computed tomography (CT) was pivotal in the development of treatment planning. Despite some disadvantages, CT remains the only three-dimensional imaging modality used for dose calculation. Newer image modalities, such as magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and positron emission tomography (PET), are also used secondarily in the treatment-planning process. MR, with its better tissue contrast and resolution than those of CT, improves tumor definition compared with CT planning alone. PET also provides metabolic information to supplement the CT and MR anatomical information. With emerging molecular imaging techniques, the ability to visualize and characterize tumors with regard to their metabolic profile, active pathways, and genetic markers, both across different tumors and within individual, heterogeneous tumors, will inform clinicians regarding the treatment options most likely to benefit a patient and to detect at the earliest time possible if and where a chosen therapy is working. In the post-human-genome era, multimodality scanners such as PET/CT and PET/MR will provide optimal tumor targeting information.

LncRNA ZFAS1, as a poor prognostic indicator, promotes cell proliferation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in endometrial carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanan Sun ◽  
Xuan Gao ◽  
Peiling Li ◽  
Ling Song ◽  
Lei Shi
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Carcinoma ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Histological Grade ◽  
Myometrial Invasion ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics

Background: Long noncoding RNA Zinc finger nuclear transcription factor, X-box binding 1-type containing 1 antisense RNA 1 (ZFAS1) has been reported to be an oncogene in various tumors. However, the role of ZFAS1 in endometrial carcinoma (EC) are not fully determined. Methods & results: Here, we found ZFAS1 expression was significantly upregulated in EC patients, which was significantly associated with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, histological grade, myometrial invasion and poor prognosis. The loss-of-function assays showed that knockdown of ZFAS1 significantly suppressed the proliferation, G1/S transition, migration and invasion in EC cells. Moreover, knockdown of ZFAS1 obviously downregulated the expression of CDK4, Cyclin D1 and N-cadherin, but upregulated E-cadherin expression. Conclusion: Collectively, these results suggest that ZFAS1 might be used as potential therapeutic targets for EC treatment.

scholarly journals Imaging and Diagnosis for Planning the Surgical Procedure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Vascular Invasion ◽  
Patient Management ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Tumor Staging ◽  
Preoperative Staging ◽  
Preoperative Imaging ◽  
Therapy Planning ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Crucial Part

The preoperative imaging diagnosis of rectal cancer lies at the heart of oncological staging and has a crucial influence on patient management and therapy planning. Rectal cancer is common, and accurate preoperative staging of tumors using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a crucial part of modern multidisciplinary team management (MDT). Indeed, rectal MRI has the ability to accurately evaluate a number of important findings that maBay impact patient management, including distance of the tumor to the mesorectal fascia, presence of lymph nodes, presence of extramural vascular invasion (EMVI), and involvement of the anterior peritoneal reflection/peritoneum and the sphincter complex. Many of these findings are difficult to assess in non-expert hands. In this chapter, we present currently used staging modalities with focus on MRI, including optimization of imaging techniques, tumor staging, interpretation help as well as essentials for reporting.

scholarly journals The Effect of Diagnostic Imaging on Surgical Treatment Planning in Diseases of the Thymus

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurel Ottlakan ◽  
Bernadett Borda ◽  
Zita Morvay ◽  
Aniko Maraz ◽  
Jozsef Furak
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Tnm Classification ◽  
Thymic Tissue ◽  
Thymic Epithelial Tumors ◽  
Epithelial Tumors ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Surgical Treatment Planning

Accurate imaging of the thymus is essential in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of both neoplastic and nonneoplastic conditions. Imaging of the thymus is a rather complex task, which affects both initial diagnosis and further surgical treatment planning. Imaging techniques include a wide armamentary of possibilities, from the most frequently used computed tomography (CT) to 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography- (18-FDG-PET-) CT and chemical shift magnetic resonance imaging (CS-MRI). In cases where surgical treatment is involved diagnostic imaging is of pivotal importance, not only in distinguishing benign from malignant disease but also in making a way among subtypes of thymic conditions. The article presents a current review of the advantages and backdrops of different imaging techniques used in the diagnosis of benign and malignant thymic conditions, with emphasis on differential imaging of thymic hyperplasia (TH), ectopic thymic tissue (ETT), and thymic epithelial tumors (TETs), with special attention to the importance of MR imaging according to the new TNM classification of thymic epithelial tumors.

Three-Dimensional Imaging in Vascular Surgery

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Gurajala ◽  
Milind Desai ◽  
Tara M. Mastracci
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Surgery ◽  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Noninvasive Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Aortic Disease ◽  
Preoperative Imaging ◽  
Tomographic Images ◽  
Ct And Mri

Managing complex aortic disease is one of the major challenges facing vascular surgery. With the advent of endovascular technology over the last two decades, there has been a rapid adoption of minimally invasive techniques allowing for the treatment of more complex disease. For many aortic disorders, the endovascular approach has replaced open surgery. This increases the preoperative imaging demands as accurate preoperative imaging, intraoperative assistance, and stringent postoperative surveillance have all become imperative. In diagnosing and planning management of aortic disease, digital subtraction angiography, which was once considered to be the gold standard, has been replaced by noninvasive imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although there are other noninvasive imaging techniques, such as duplex ultrasonography and echocardiography, images thus acquired do not provide an anatomic overview and the possibility of treatment planning. Additionally, the information collected is often operator dependent. CT and MRI allow imaging of the entire aorta and its branches in high resolution, as well as extraluminal structures that may impact care. Images are readily presented as two-dimensional tomographic images; however, analysis and treatment planning using these images can be time consuming and tedious. Thus, three-dimensional reformatting and visualization have evolved, enabling presentation of the vasculature in a more convenient and intuitive way. This review explores the role of CT and MRI in everyday clinical practice. This review contains 18 figures, 4 tables, and 26 references.

The desperate plea of women with the nutcracker syndrome

Phlebologie ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (02) ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
J. L. Villavicencio
Keyword(s):  
Renal Vein ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Left Renal Vein ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Nutcracker Syndrome ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Good Number ◽  
Pelvic Congestion

Summary Objective: To increase awareness on the severe impact of the nutcracker syndrome in women with undiagnosed disease. Patients and methods: We reviewed the medical literature and analyzed six representative series with 73 patients with nutcracker syndrome. Women with left flank pain, dyspareunia, dysuria, dysmenorrhea, micro- or macrohaematuria and pelvic congestion symptoms, should be carefully investigated for evidence of meso aortic left renal vein compression. A good number of our colleagues do not believe in the existence of the nutcracker syndrome and send these patients in a long pilgrimage in search of someone who can help them to get relief to their pain. New and improved imaging techniques can assist in the diagnosis but retrograde reno-gonadal phlebography and renocaval gradient are the most reliable diagnostic tools. Results: Among an assortment of treatment techniques, renal vein transposition and endovenous stenting were the two most commonly used procedures. There are no long term studies on renal vein stenting in children and young adults. Its use in these cases should be carefully considered. The nutcracker syndrome may present with pelvic congestion symptoms and its diagnosis missed. The patient's age, severity of symptoms and haemo dynamic renal studies should guide the treatment. Conclusion: An increased awareness of the existence of the nutcracker syndrome may prevent many unfortunate undiagnosed women from spending many months and often years of suffering.

The integration of metabolic imaging in stereotactic procedures including radiosurgery: a review

2002 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 542-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Levivier ◽  
David Wikler ◽  
Nicolas Massager ◽  
Philippe David ◽  
Daniel Devriendt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Target Volume ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Scanning ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The authors review their experience with the clinical development and routine use of positron emission tomography (PET) during stereotactic procedures, including the use of PET-guided gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS). Methods. Techniques have been developed for the routine use of stereotactic PET, and accumulated experience using PET-guided stereotactic procedures over the past 10 years includes more than 150 stereotactic biopsies, 43 neuronavigation procedures, and 34 cases treated with GKS. Positron emission tomography—guided GKS was performed in 24 patients with primary brain tumors (four pilocytic astrocytomas, five low-grade astrocytomas or oligodendrogliomas, seven anaplastic astrocytomas or ependymomas, five glioblastomas, and three neurocytomas), five patients with metastases (single or multiple lesions), and five patients with pituitary adenomas. Conclusions. Data obtained with PET scanning can be integrated with GKS treatment planning, enabling access to metabolic information with high spatial accuracy. Positron emission tomography data can be successfully combined with magnetic resonance imaging data to provide specific information for defining the target volume for the radiosurgical treatment in patients with recurrent brain tumors, such as glioma, metastasis, and pituitary adenoma. This approach is particularly useful for optimizing target selection for infiltrating or ill-defined brain lesions. The use of PET scanning contributed data in 31 cases (93%) and information that was specifically utilized to adapt the target volume in 25 cases (74%). It would seem that the integration of PET data into GKS treatment planning may represent an important step toward further developments in radiosurgery: this approach provides additional information that may open new perspectives for the optimization of the treatment of brain tumors.

Diagnostic Value of Real-Time Shear Wave Elastography in Diagnosing Thyroid Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2818-2822
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Oprea ◽  
Mihaela Vlad ◽  
Ioana Golu ◽  
Ioan Sporea ◽  
Lazar Fulger
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Tissue Elasticity

Thyroid nodules are a common pathology found in 50 to 60% of otherwise healthy people. Diagnostic imaging techniques are help discriminating between benign and malignant nodules, while fine needle aspiration is still a gold standard. Shear wave elastography, a recent imaging technique, holds the promise to become reliable diagnostic tools and is currently used in combination with ultrasound. We here report data obtained in a series of 52 thyroid nodules analysed by means of elastography, as well as conventional and Doppler ultrasound. We found no differences in age, nodule and thyroid volume, length, width, thickness and maximum diameter between benign and malignant lesions. Several sonographic patterns are considered to be predictive of malignancy, out of which we only found the intranodular blood flow to be statistically significant. By the means of shear wave elastography we have first assessed tissue elasticities, which are shown in a range of colours, depending on tissue elasticity/stiffness. Then, we have measured and recorded four parameters automatically displayed by the system, namely SWE-mean, SWE-max, SWE-SD and SWE-ratio. Data analysis showed all these quantitative parameters had good sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and area under the curve, as calculated by the ROC curve. As with these parameters, the cut-off points were lower than in literature, still able to indicate reliable diagnoses, which were confirmed by histopathological exam. Our conclusion is that shear wave elastography has great potential for reliably and accurately diagnosing thyroid malignancies.

A Novel Secure and Robust encryption scheme for medical images

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyamol Chirakkarottu ◽  
Sheena Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Medical Images ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Chaotic Map ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Medical Diagnostic ◽  
Wireless Medium ◽  
Health Care Applications ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background: Medical imaging encloses different imaging techniques and processes to image the human body for medical diagnostic and treatment purposes. Hence it plays an important role to improve public health. The technological development in biomedical imaging specifically in X-ray, Computed Tomography (CT), nuclear ultrasound including Positron Emission Tomography (PET), optical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can provide valuable information unique to a person. Objective: In health care applications, the images are needed to be exchanged mostly over wireless medium. The diagnostic images with confidential information of a patient need to be protected from unauthorized access during transmission. In this paper, a novel encryption method is proposed to improve the security and integrity of medical images. Methods: Chaotic map along with DNA cryptography is used for encryption. The proposed method describes a two phase encryption of medical images. Results: Performance of the proposed method is also tested by various analysis metrics. Robustness of the method against different noises and attacks is analyzed. Conclusion: The results show that the method is efficient and well suitable to medical images.

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