scholarly journals Microleakage under ceramic flash-free orthodontic brackets after thermal cycling

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 905-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Kim ◽  
Georgios Kanavakis ◽  
Matthew D. Finkelman ◽  
Moonyoung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Thermal Cycling ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Methylene Blue Solution ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Blue Solution ◽  
Maxillary Premolars ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Bracket Base

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare microleakage under 3M Unitek's APC Flash-Free Adhesive Coated System bracket and the APC PLUS Adhesive Coated System bracket after thermal cycling. Materials and Methods: Forty freshly extracted human maxillary premolars were randomly divided into two groups and bonded with either a Flash-Free bracket or a PLUS bracket. After bonding, the samples were incubated in a water bath at 37°C for 24 hours and thermocycled for 5000 cycles between 5°C and 50°C. All teeth were immersed in a 2% methylene blue solution for 24 hours, embedded in acrylic and sectioned in a buccolingual direction at approximately the center of the bracket. Microleakage was observed at the enamel-adhesive interface from the occlusal and gingival margins of the bracket base. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: The median microleakage was higher in the Flash-Free group, but the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P > .05). Conclusion: In a laboratory setting, there is no significant difference between the extent of microleakage under the APC Flash-Free Adhesive Coated System bracket and the APC PLUS Adhesive Coated System bracket after thermal cycling.

Analysis of the breeding records of a herd of pigs

1954 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Braude ◽  
P. M. Clarke ◽  
K. G. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Large White ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Length Of Gestation

1. A survey and. statistical analysis of the records of litters born in the N.I.R.D. herd of Large White pigs over a period of 16 years are presented.2. The mean length of gestation was 114 days for both gilts and sows.3. The mean numbers of pigs born alive and born dead per litter from gilts, 10·0 and 0·2 respectively, were both significantly smaller than the corresponding figures for sows, 11·8 and O·8. No seasonal differences were found.4. The mean total losses of pigs from birth to weaning at 8 weeks were 29·5% of pigs born alive. The losses in litters from gilts, 23·0%, were significantly smaller than in litters from sows, 31·0%. The losses during the winter months both for gilts, 32·5%, and for sows, 35·9%, were significantly higher than during the summer months, 19·4% and 26·7% for gilts and sows respectively.5. Over 50% of the total losses were due to crushing by the dam, 74·1% of the losses from this cause occurring during the first 48 hr. after birth.6. The mean number of pigs weaned per litter was 8·0. The difference between the number weaned per litter from gilts, 7·7, and per litter from number of pigs was weaned per litter from sows during the summer months, 8·7, than during the winter months, 7·4.7. There was no significant difference between the number of male and of female pigs weaned.8. The mean weight at weaning was 29·9 lb., male pigs, 30·3 lb., being significantly heavier than females, 29·51b. Pigs in litters from gilts, 27·81b., were significantly lighter at weaning than those from sows, 30·0 lb., and for both gilts and sows, pigs reared during the summer months, 29·7 and 31·8 lb. respectively, were significantly heavier than those reared during the winter months, 25·9 and 28·2 lb. respectively.

Synthesis of Visible-Light Responsive CdS/ZnO Nanocomposite Photocatalysts via Simple Precipitation Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 608 ◽  
pp. 224-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Potjanaporn Chaengchawi ◽  
Karn Serivalsatit ◽  
Pornapa Sujaridworakun
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Photocatalytic Performance ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Cds Nanoparticles ◽  
Methylene Blue Solution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Blue Solution ◽  
Scanning Electron

A visible-light responsive CdS/ZnO nanocomposite photocatalyst was successfully synthesized by precipitation of CdS nanoparticles, using Cd (NO3)2 and Na2S as starting materials, on ZnO nanoparticles and then calcined at 400°C for 2 hours. The effects of the mole ratio of CdS and ZnO in the composites on their phase, morphology, and surface area were investigated by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Brunauer Emmett Teller method (BET), respectively. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue solution in the presence of composite products under visible-light irradiation was investigated. The results showed that the mole ratio of CdS and ZnO played a significant role on photocatalytic performance. The highest photocatalytic activity was obtained from the CdS/ZnO nanocomposite with mole ratio of 1:4, which is higher than that of pure CdS and pure ZnO.

Preparation and Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2/Opal Composite

2013 ◽  
Vol 668 ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Qing Shan Li ◽  
Biao Zhan ◽  
Wei Hong ◽  
Guang Zhong Xing
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Tetrabutyl Titanate ◽  
Methylene Blue Solution ◽  
Photocatalytic Decolorization ◽  
Uv Light Irradiation ◽  
Photocatalytic Activities ◽  
Blue Solution ◽  
Gel Technique

Opal as a carrier, tetrabutyl titanate as a titanium source, TiO2 loaded on opal was prepared by sol-gel technique. The photocatalysts were characterized by XRD, TEM and UV-VIS absorption spectrum. Their photocatalytic activities were examined by the photocatalytic decolorization of methylene blue solution under UV light irradiation. The effects of calcination temperature, the amount of TiO2 loading and pH on photocatalytic activities were discussed. The results show that TiO2 supported on opal induced enhancement of photocatalytic decolorization rant and TiO2 doping is about 30 wt. % with 92.15% of decolorization rate at 700°C.

scholarly journals Fuel and lubricant consumption in felling the young oak-hornbeam stands

2002 ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Vojislav Bajic ◽  
Milorad Danilovic
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Function Form ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Average Consumption

Based on the elements of statistical analysis on the dependence of fuel and lubricant consumption on tree diameter, it was assessed that with the increase of tree diameter, the fuel and lubricant consumption in the young oak and hornbeam stands decreases significantly, both in clear felling and in thinning and that the function form Y=exp(a+b x X?1) is the best description of the correlation The consumption of fuel compared to lubricant consumption is almost double, which agrees with the results of the previous studies. Average consumption of fuel and lubricant is 17.43 mL x tree?1, on the plots 20.27 mL x tree?1, average consumption of lubricant per tree on skid roads is 9.4 mL x tree?1, on the plots 11 mL x tree?1. The higher consumption of fuel and lubricant on the plots with selective thinning is the consequence of the longer time needed for the conversion per tree, compared to that in clear felling The consumption of fuel per unit area on the skid roads (clear felling) is 22.9 L x ha?1, on the plots (selective thinning) 7.6 L x ha?1. The consumption of lubricant on the skid roads is 13.3 L x ha?1, on the plots 4.29 L x ha?1. The higher consumption of fuel and lubricant per unit area on the skid roads is due to the difference in the number of trees per unit area Based on the results of the analysis of variance, it was found out that between fuel and lubricant consumption in selective thinning and in felling the trees along tractor skid roads there is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance of 95%. So, for practical purposes, the unique norms of consumption can be established for the stands similar to those in which the study was performed.

scholarly journals The generation of the singlet oxygen in methylene blue solution and its effect to the tissue

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-60
Author(s):  
Ichiro TANABE ◽  
Hiroshi FUJIMURA ◽  
Tatsuo OTANI ◽  
Yukinori OKAZAKI ◽  
Tadayoshi TAKEMOTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Singlet Oxygen ◽  
Methylene Blue Solution ◽  
Blue Solution

scholarly journals Synthesis and Photoactivity of Fe3O4/TiO2-Co as a Magnetically Separable Visible Light Responsive Photocatalyst

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eko Sri Kunarti ◽  
Indriana Kartini ◽  
Akhmad Syoufian ◽  
Karolina Martha Widyandari
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Dopant Concentration ◽  
Band Gap Energy ◽  
Methylene Blue Solution ◽  
Magnetic Photocatalyst ◽  
Blue Solution ◽  
Degradation Reaction ◽  
Visible Irradiation ◽  
Uv Visible

Synthesis of magnetic photocatalyst, Fe3O4/TiO2-Co, with characterization and photoactivity examination have been conducted. The synthesis was initiated by preparation of Fe3O4 particles using coprecipitation method. The Fe3O4 particles were then coated with TiO2-Co at a various ratio of Fe3O4:TiO2 and concentration of Co(II) dopant. The Fe3O4/TiO2-Co was characterized by FTIR, XRD, TEM, SEM-EDX, VSM, and SR UV-visible methods. Photoactivity of the Fe3O4/TiO2-Co was carried out using methylene blue as a target molecule in degradation reaction within a batch system. By using optimum conditions, the degradation of methylene blue solution was performed under exposure to UV, visible light and dark condition. Results showed that the Fe3O4/TiO2-Co formation was confirmed by the presence of Fe3O4 and anatase diffraction peaks in the X-ray diffractogram. SR UV-Vis spectra indicated that the Fe3O4/TiO2-Co was responsive to visible light. Band gap energy of the Fe3O4/TiO2-Co with dopant concentration of 1; 5; 10 and 15% were 3.22; 3.12; 3.09 and 2.81 eV, respectively. The methylene blue solution can be well photodegraded at a pH of 10 for 210 min. The Fe3O4/TiO2-Co has the highest ability to methylene blue photodegradation with dopant concentration of 10% gave degradation yield of 80.51 and 95.38% under UV and visible irradiation, respectively.

Cyanophycean (Cyanobacterial) diversity from the Lakhimpur-Khiri District of Northern Uttar Pradesh, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Digvijay Verma ◽  
Vinay Kumar Singh ◽  
Rinku Bharati ◽  
Shyam Kishore ◽  
Seshu Lavania
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Methylene Blue Solution ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Blue Solution ◽  
Cyanobacterial Diversity ◽  
First Time

In the present study, the cyanophycean diversity of the Lakhimpur-Khiri district, northern Uttar Pradesh, India, has been investigated for the first time. Algae samples were collected in plastic bottles and preserved in 3-4% formalin from Lakhimpur-Khiri district of northern Uttar Pradesh in different seasons from 2015 to 2016. The field photographs of the selected localities were also taken and the location of each site noted down. For the Microscopic study of Cyanophycean algae, the samples were stained with 1 % aqueous methylene blue solution according to the standard method. The observations and photomicrography were done with help of Nikon Labophot-11 microscope. A total of 31 cyanophycean algal taxa have been recorded from different water bodies of Lakhimpur-Khiri. These algal taxa belong to 14 genera and 9 families of the division Cyanophyata. Of these, Oscillatoria (7), Phormidium (4) and Lyngbya (3) are abundant.

Demonstration of the Enhanced Mixing and Reaction Ability of an Alternate Pumping Microreactor With Visualization of the Mixing Field and the Reaction Field

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamio Fujiwara ◽  
Hiroshi Ohue ◽  
Takumi Urata
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Layered Structure ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Concentration Field ◽  
Potassium Thiocyanate ◽  
Channel Length ◽  
Methylene Blue Solution ◽  
Reaction Field ◽  
Blue Solution

In order to enhance the mixing and reaction capabilities of micromixers and microreactors, we had proposed a novel system termed alternate pumping microreactor (APMR) and had demonstrated that the APMR could generate a thin-layered structure under a particular pumping condition. This flow pattern should enhance the abovementioned capabilities. In this paper, we visualized the dilution process of methylene blue solution with water in the APMR and established a method to obtained the concentration field from the captured image according to the relation between the methylene blue concentration and the saturation of the captured color. To assess the reaction field, visualization of the reaction of ferrous sulphate and potassium thiocyanate was adopted. These visualization results suggested that the APMR enhanced the mixing and reacting capabilities and the time and channel length required for the reaction to complete were two order orders of magnitude lesser than those in the case of the ordinary reactor.

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