Periodontal consequences of mandibular incisor proclination during presurgical orthodontic treatment in Class III malocclusion patients

ABSTRACT Objective: To test the hypothesis that periodontal changes are similar between proclined and minimal-changed mandibular incisor position groups during presurgical orthodontic treatment for Class III orthognathic surgery. Materials and Methods: The following measurements were performed before and after presurgical orthodontic treatment of 75 patients (proclination group, 39 subjects; minimal-change group, 36 subjects): clinical crown length, sulcus and bone probing depths, and width of attached gingiva from clinical examination; infradentale-to-MP (perpendicular distance of infradentale to mandibular plane) from examination of lateral cephalograms; and the distance between the cementoenamel junction and alveolar crest from examination of periapical radiographs. Data were compared between the two groups, and a regression analysis was performed to investigate factors affecting the periodontal changes. Results: In both groups, clinical crown length and bone probing depth increased during presurgical orthodontics (P < .05). Infradentale-to-MP and the width of attached gingiva decreased more in the proclination group than in the minimal-change group (P < .05). Proclination and protrusion of the mandibular incisors, and treatment duration affected the periodontal changes. Conclusions: The null hypothesis was rejected. Proclination of the mandibular incisors for decompensation in Class III surgery patients seems to result in labial alveolar bone recession and a decrease in width of attached gingiva. However, the amount of the periodontal recession appeared to be clinically insignificant.

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Effects of Presurgical Mandibular Incisor Decompensation on Long-Term Outcomes of Class III Surgical Orthodontic Treatment

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10132870 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (13) ◽

pp. 2870

Author(s):

Jung-Sub An ◽

Wonchae Jeong ◽

Liselotte Sonnesen ◽

Seung-Hak Baek ◽

Sug-Joon Ahn

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Group Differences ◽

Class Iii ◽

Class Iii Malocclusion ◽

Long Term Outcomes ◽

Mandibular Incisor ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Mandibular Incisors

This research aimed to evaluate the effects of presurgical mandibular incisor decompensation on long-term outcomes of Class III surgical orthodontic treatment. Thirty-five patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion who received conventional surgical orthodontic treatment were included. Mandibular incisor brackets with −6° of inclination were placed normally in 18 patients (NB group) and inversely in 17 patients (RB group). Between-group differences and relationships between incisal and skeletal variables were analyzed based on lateral cephalograms at pretreatment, presurgery, postsurgery, posttreatment, and retention. Mandibular incisors were more labially inclined in the RB group than in the NB group from presurgery to retention. No significant between-group differences were observed in presurgical and postsurgical skeletal relationships. The NB group exhibited a larger overjet with deficient interincisal contact at postsurgery than the RB group. Skeletal Class III relationship was also more severe in the NB group at retention. More lingually inclined mandibular incisors at presurgery and larger overjet at postsurgery were correlated with a more severe skeletal Class III relationship at retention. Thus, establishing appropriate postsurgical overjet by sufficient presurgical mandibular incisor decompensation may play a significant role in postsurgical stability of Class III surgical orthodontic treatment.

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Geometric analysis of alveolar bone around the incisors after anterior retraction following premolar extraction

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/041419-266.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 90 (2) ◽

pp. 173-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fan Zhang ◽

Suk-Cheol Lee ◽

Jun-Beom Lee ◽

Kyung-Min Lee

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Shape Change ◽

Geometric Analysis ◽

Careful Consideration ◽

Mandibular Incisor ◽

Premolar Extraction ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Mandibular Incisors

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate changes in shape and alterations in thickness and vertical marginal bone levels of the alveolar bone around the maxillary and mandibular incisors before and after orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction using geometric morphometric analysis. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six patients with Class I bialveolar protrusion who underwent orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction were included. Cone-beam computed tomographic scans were obtained from the patients before and after treatment. Five fixed landmarks and 70 semilandmarks were used to represent the morphology of the alveolar bone around the maxillary and mandibular incisors. The coordinates of the landmarks of the alveolar bones were generated by Procrustes fit. The labial and lingual alveolar bone thicknesses around the maxillary and mandibular incisors and vertical marginal bone level were assessed quantitatively. Results: There was a significant difference in shape change of the alveolar bone before and after treatment. The deformation grid of the thin plate spline showed that the thickness and vertical marginal bone decreased on the lingual side after treatment. Shape changes were greater for the lingual alveolar bone on the mandibular incisor than for the maxillary incisors. Conclusions: Orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction might cause loss of alveolar bone around the maxillary and mandibular incisors. Careful consideration is needed to avoid iatrogenic degeneration of periodontal support around the incisors, particularly in the lingual area.

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Congenitally Missing Mandibular Incisors and Mandibular Symphysis Morphology

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/020106-37.1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 77 (6) ◽

pp. 1079-1084 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Toshiya Endo ◽

Rieko Ozoe ◽

Koji Kojima ◽

Shohachi Shimooka

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Control Group ◽

Bone Area ◽

Lateral Cephalogram ◽

Mandibular Incisor ◽

Mandibular Symphysis ◽

Orthodontic Patients ◽

Congenitally Missing ◽

Mandibular Incisors

Abstract Objective: To explore the association between congenital absence of permanent mandibular incisors and craniofacial and mandibular symphysis morphology in Japanese orthodontic patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 27 girls with one or two congenitally absent mandibular incisors (group M) were selected and divided into group 1M (16 girls with the absence of one incisor) and group 2M (11 girls with the absence of two incisors). In addition, 20 other Japanese girls without hypodontia and with little or no mandibular incisor crowding were enrolled as a control (group C). Using the lateral cephalogram of each subject, 17 angular, 8 linear, and 3 area measurements were made for evaluation of craniofacial and mandibular symphysis morphology. The cephalometric data thus obtained were statistically analyzed and compared between the groups. Results: A significantly greater retroclination of the retained mandibular incisors was found in group 1M than in group C. Groups 1M and M showed a significantly greater retroclination of mandibular alveolar bone than group C. Groups 2M and M exhibited a significantly smaller mandibular symphysis area than group C. Conclusion: The retroclination of the mandibular incisors and alveolar bone and the reduced mandibular alveolar bone area should be taken into consideration in planning orthodontic treatment on patients with congenitally missing permanent mandibular incisors.

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Mandibular incisor inclination and gingival recession after treatment with the Jasper Jumper: a 10-year follow-up

Progress in Orthodontics ◽

10.1186/s40510-021-00389-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wilana Moura ◽

José Fernanado C. Henriques ◽

Caroline M. Gambardela-Tkacz ◽

Paula Cotrin ◽

Daniela Garib ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Gingival Recession ◽

Class Ii ◽

Crown Height ◽

Mandibular Incisor ◽

Class Ii Treatment ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Mandibular Incisors

Abstract Objective To evaluate the long-term outcomes of Class II treatment with the Jasper Jumper appliance and comprehensive orthodontic treatment concerning inclination of the mandibular incisors and gingival recession. Methods Sixteen patients with Class II malocclusion at a mean age of 12.54y (SD = 1.17) were treated with the Jasper Jumper appliance and comprehensive orthodontic treatment. The mean treatment time was 2.05y (SD = 0.21). Dental records were taken before (T1), after treatment (T2) and 11.90y (SD = 0.48) after debonding (T3). The frequency of gingival recession, clinical crown height and mandibular incisor position were evaluated using intraoral photographs, digital models and lateral cephalograms. Interphase changes were evaluated using dependent t and McNemar’s tests. Correlation between clinical crown height and final position of the mandibular incisors was evaluated using Pearson correlation test (P < 0.05). Results The frequency of gingival recessions increased over time and was observed in 6 (9.4%), 12 (18.8%) and 24 (37.5%) of the mandibular incisors at T1, T2 and T3, respectively. A significant increase in labial inclination and protrusion of the mandibular incisors was observed between T1 and T2 interval. The clinical crown height significantly increased in the follow-up period (T3–T2) and in the complete observation time (T3–T1). There was no correlation between the amount of labial inclination and protrusion of the mandibular incisors and clinical crown height for all time intervals. Conclusion No significant correlation between the amount of labial movement of the mandibular incisor and clinical crown height increase was found.

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Morphological changes of the anterior alveolar bone due to retraction of anterior teeth: a retrospective study

Head & Face Medicine ◽

10.1186/s13005-021-00277-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Qiannan Sun ◽

Wenhsuan Lu ◽

Yunfan Zhang ◽

Liying Peng ◽

Si Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Bone Width ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Labial Side ◽

Incisor Retraction ◽

Maxilla And Mandible

Abstract Backgroud To analyze the morphological changes of the anterior alveolar bone after the retraction of incisors in premolar extraction cases and the relationship between incisor retraction and remodeling of the alveolar base represented by points A and B displacements. Methods Pre- (T0) and post-treatment (T1) lateral cephalograms of 308 subjects in the maxilla and 154 subjects in the mandible who underwent the orthodontic treatment with extraction of 2 premolars in upper or lower arches were included. Alveolar bone width and height in both the maxillary and mandible incisor area were measured at T0 and T1 respectively. By superimposing the T0 and T1 cephalometric tracings, changes of points A and B, and the movement of the incisors were also measured. Then the correlation between incisor movement and the displacements of points A and B was analyzed. Results The alveolar bone width (ABW) showed a significant decrease in both maxilla and mandible (P < 0.001) except the labial side of the mandible (P > 0.05). The alveolar bone height (ABH) showed a significant increase in the labial side of maxilla and a significant decrease in the lingual side of maxilla and mandible. A strong positive correlation was verified between incisor movement and position changes of points A and B in both horizontal and vertical directions. Conclusions Anterior alveolar bone width and height generally decreased after orthodontic treatment. Incisor retraction led to significant position changes of points A and B. The decrease of anterior alveolar bone due to significant incisor retraction should be taken into account in treatment planning.

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Predisposing factors to severe external root resorption associated to orthodontic treatment

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/s2176-94512013000100022 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 110-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Gracemia Vasconcelos Picanço ◽

Karina Maria Salvatore de Freitas ◽

Rodrigo Hermont Cançado ◽

Fabricio Pinelli Valarelli ◽

Paulo Roberto Barroso Picanço ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Length ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Predisposing Factors ◽

Crown Root ◽

External Root Resorption ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Maxillary Incisors

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate predisposing factors among patients who developed moderate or severe external root resorption (Malmgren's grades 3 and 4), on the maxillary incisors, during fixed orthodontic treatment in the permanent dentition. METHODS: Ninety-nine patients who underwent orthodontic treatment with fixed edgewise appliances were selected. Patients were divided into two groups: G1 - 50 patients with no root resorption or presenting only apical irregularities (Malmgren's grades 0 and 1) at the end of the treatment, with mean initial age of 16.79 years and mean treatment time of 3.21 years; G2 - 49 patients presenting moderate or severe root resorption (Malmgren's grades 3 and 4) at the end of treatment on the maxillary incisors, with mean initial age of 19.92 years and mean treatment time of 3.98 years. Periapical radiographs and lateral cephalograms were evaluated. Factors that could influence the occurrence of severe root resorption were also recorded. Statistical analysis included chi-square tests, Fisher's exact test and independent t tests. RESULTS: The results demonstrated significant difference between the groups for the variables: Extractions, initial degree of root resorption, root length and crown/root ratio at the beginning, and cortical thickness of the alveolar bone. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that: Presence of root resorption before the beginning of treatment, extractions, reduced root length, decreased crown/root ratio and thin alveolar bone represent risk factors for severe root resorption in maxillary incisors during orthodontic treatment.

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Mandibular symphysis morphology and dimensions in different anteroposterior jaw relationships

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/030513-185.1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 84 (2) ◽

pp. 304-309 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Susan N. Al-Khateeb ◽

Emad F. Al Maaitah ◽

Elham S. Abu Alhaija ◽

Serene A. Badran

Keyword(s):

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

Class Iii ◽

Mandibular Symphysis ◽

Lateral Cephalograms

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the morphology and dimensions of mandibular symphysis (MS) in different anteroposterior jaw relationships and to investigate whether craniofacial parameters have any correlation with its shape and/or dimensions. Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalograms of subjects with Class I, Class II, and Class III skeletal relationships were traced. Several craniofacial and MS parameters were measured. MS parameters were compared between the three groups using analysis of variance and were correlated with the craniofacial parameters using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: Larger angle of concavity of the chin, more inclination of the alveolar bone toward the mandibular plane, and larger MS dimensions and area (P < .001) were found with a Class III skeletal relationship compared to Class I and Class II relationships. The Pearson correlation coefficient between Id-Me and AFH was r = 0.83 and between Id-Me and LAFH it was r = 0.81. Conclusions: The dimensions and configuration of MS in the Class III relationship were different than those in Class I and Class II relationships; the alveolar part of MS compensated for the skeletal relationship in the Class III pattern. MS dimensions were strongly correlated to anterior facial dimensions.

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Interceptive Orthodontics with Resin Turbos for Pseudo-Class III Malocclusions

Case Reports in Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2019/1909063 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Neal D. Kravitz

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Gingival Recession ◽

Mixed Dentition ◽

Gingival Tissue ◽

Common Finding ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Class Iii ◽

Class Iii Malocclusion ◽

Practical Implications ◽

Mandibular Incisors

Background and Overview. Lingual eruption of the permanent maxillary central incisors in the early mixed dentition can result in a traumatic anterior crossbite, causing mobility and gingival recession to the opposing mandibular incisors.Case Description. This case report presents a common finding of a 7-year-old boy with a dental crossbite and pseudo-Class III malocclusion caused by lingual eruption of the maxillary central incisors. An interceptive phase of orthodontic treatment was provided by bonding a beveled resin turbo on the mandibular incisors. The crossbite was corrected in 3 months without any orthodontic appliances. In the absence of the traumatic occlusion, the mandibular incisors stabilized and the gingival tissue was expected to regenerate.Conclusions and Practical Implications. Dentists and orthodontists can place beveled resin turbos on the mandibular incisors to jump an anterior dental crossbite conservatively, without the use of orthodontic brackets and wires.

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Morphological changes of the anterior alveolar bone due to retraction of anterior teeth: a retrospective study

10.21203/rs.2.11278/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Qiannan Sun ◽

Si Chen ◽

Wenhsuan Lu ◽

Yunfan Zhang ◽

Liying Peng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Vertical Direction ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Bone Width ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Labial Side ◽

Maxilla And Mandible

Abstract Background: The morphology of the anterior alveolar bone may change after the retraction of incisors in premolar extraction cases in orthodontics. Methods: Pre- (T0) and post-treatment (T1) lateral cephalograms of 477 subjects in the maxilla and 226 subjects in the mandible who underwent the orthodontic treatment with extraction of 2 premolars in upper or lower arches were included. Alveolar bone width and height in both the maxillary and mandible incisor area were measured at T0 and T1 respectively. By superimposing the T0 and T1 cephalometric tracings, changes of points A and B, and the movement of the incisors were also measured. Results: The alveolar bone width (ABW) showed a significant decrease in both maxilla and mandible (P<0.001) except the labial side of the mandible, which exhibited slight increase, though statistically insignificant (P>0.05). The alveolar bone height (ABH) showed a significant increase in the labial side of maxilla and a significant decrease in the lingual side of maxilla and mandible. A strong positive correlation was observed between incisor movement and position changes of points A and B both in the horizontal and vertical direction. Conclusions: Anterior alveolar bone width and height generally decreased after orthodontic treatment. Incisor retraction led to a significant position changes of points A and B.

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Scandcleft trial of primary surgery for unilateral cleft lip and palate: Craniofacial cephalometrics at 8 years

European Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1093/ejo/cjaa060 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Annelise Küseler ◽

Arja Heliövaara ◽

Kirsten Mølsted ◽

Agneta Marcusson ◽

Agneta Karsten ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Craniofacial Morphology ◽

Primary Surgery ◽

Growth Studies ◽

Alveolar Bone Grafting ◽

Lateral Cephalograms

Summary Background The Scandcleft trial is a randomized controlled trial that includes children with unilateral cleft lip and palate where registrations are standardized and therefore provides the opportunity to describe craniofacial characteristics in a very large sample of patients. Objectives The aim of this study was to describe craniofacial growth and morphology in a large study sample of 8-year-old children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP); before orthodontic treatment and before secondary alveolar bone grafting; and to compare the cephalometric values with age-matched non-cleft children from previous growth studies to identify the differences between untreated cleft- and non-cleft children. Materials There are 429 eight-year-old UCLP patients in the Scandcleft study group. A total of 408 lateral cephalograms with a mean age of 8.1 years were analysed. Cephalometric analyses were performed digitally. The results from three previously published growth studies on non-cleft children were used for comparison. Results Cephalometric analyses showed a large variation in craniofacial morphology among the UCLP group. In general, they present with significant maxillary retrusion and reduced intermaxillary relationships compared to the age-matched non-cleft children. In addition, the vertical jaw relationship was decreased, mainly due to decreased maxillary inclination. The upper and lower incisors were retroclined. It can be expected that these differences will increase in significance as the children age. Conclusion Results from this study provide proposed norms for the young UCLP before any orthodontic treatment and can be valuable for the clinician in future treatment planning. Trial registration ISRCTN29932826.

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