Prevalence of Ectopic Eruption, Impaction, Retention and Agenesis of the Permanent Second Molar

Abstract Objective: To elucidate the prevalence of ectopic eruption, impaction, and primary and secondary retention as well as agenesis of the permanent second molar (M2) among adolescents. Materials and Methods: After a sample size calculation, dental records, including radiographs, of 1543 patients (722 girls and 821 boys), from three clinics in the city of Malmoe, Sweden, were retrospectively analyzed. Series of annual records and radiographs were examined for all patients from 10 to 16 years of age and were carried out during 2004–2006. The prevalence of ectopic eruption, impaction, and primary and secondary retention as well as agenesis of M2s was registered in a standardized manner and according to preset definitions. In addition, the times of emergence of the M2s were recorded. Results: The prevalence of ectopic eruption of M2 was 1.5%, the prevalence of primary retention was 0.6%, and the prevalence of impaction was 0.2%. This means that the overall prevalence of eruption disturbances was 2.3%. In addition, the prevalence of agenesis was 0.8%. The prevalence of ectopic eruption was significantly higher in the mandible. Those patients with eruption disturbances and agenesis of M2 showed significantly delayed eruption of their other M2s compared to the individuals without any eruption disturbances. Conclusions: The prevalence of eruption disturbances was higher than reported earlier, and, even if the disturbances do not occur frequently, it is important to develop an early diagnosis in order to start the treatment at the optimal time.

Download Full-text

Sampling plan in health surveys, city of São Paulo, Brazil, 2015

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.11606/s1518-8787.2018052000471 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 81 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Maria Cecilia Goi Porto Alves ◽

Maria Mercedes Loureiro Escuder ◽

Moises Goldbaum ◽

Marilisa Berti de Azevedo Barros ◽

Regina Mara Fisberg

Keyword(s):

Sample Size ◽

Health Survey ◽

Coefficient Of Variation ◽

Sample Size Calculation ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Sampling Plan ◽

São Paulo ◽

Design Effect ◽

Sampling Procedures ◽

The City

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sampling plan of the Health Survey of the City of São Paulo (ISA-Capital 2015) regarding the accuracy of estimates and the conformation of domains of study by the Health Coordinations of the city of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: We have described the population, domains of study, and sampling procedures, including stratification, calculation of sample size, and random selection of sample units, of the Health Survey of the City of São Paulo, 2015. The estimates of proportions were analyzed in relation to precision using the coefficient of variation and the design effect. We considered suitable the coefficients below 30% at the regional level and 20% at the city level and the estimates of the design effect below 1.5. We considered suitable the strategy of establishing the Health Coordinations as domains after verifying that, within the coordinations, the estimates of proportions for the age and sex groups had the minimum acceptable precision. The estimated parameters were related to the subjects of use of services, morbidity, and self-assessment of health. RESULTS: A total of 150 census tracts were randomly selected, 30 in each Health Coordination, 5,469 households were randomly selected and visited, and 4,043 interviews were conducted. Of the 115 estimates made for the domains of study, 97.4% presented coefficients of variation below 30%, and 82.6% were below 20%. Of the 24 estimates made for the total of the city, 23 presented coefficient of variation below 20%. More than two-thirds of the estimates of the design effect were below 1.5, which was estimated in the sample size calculation, and the design effect was below 2.0 for 88%. CONCLUSIONS: The ISA-Capital 2015 sample generated estimates at the predicted levels of precision at both the city and regional levels. The decision to establish the regional health coordinations of the city of São Paulo as domains of study was adequate.

Download Full-text

Delhi in Transition, 1821 and Beyond

10.1093/oso/9780199477739.001.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Lived Experience ◽

English Translation ◽

East India Company ◽

Multiple Sources ◽

Original Manuscript ◽

English East India Company ◽

The Times ◽

First Time ◽

The City

Commissioned by the English East India Company to write about contemporary nineteenth-century Delhi, Mirza Sangin Beg walked around the city to capture its highly fascinating urban and suburban extravaganza. Laced with epigraphy and fascinating anecdotes, the city as ‘lived experience’ has an overwhelming presence in his work, Sair-ul Manazil. Sair-ul Manazil dominates the historiography of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century compositions on Delhi in Persian and Urdu, and remains unparalleled in its architecture and detailed content. It deals with the habitations of people, bazars, professions and professionals, places of worship and revelry, and issues of contestation. Over fifty typologies of structures and several institutions that find resonance in the Persian and Ottoman Empires can also be gleaned from Sair-ul Manazil. Interestingly, Beg made no attempt to ‘monumentalize’ buildings; instead, he explored them as spaces reflective of the sociocultural milieu of the times. Delhi in Transition is the first comprehensive English translation of Beg’s work, which was originally published in Persian. It is the only translation to compare the four known versions of Sair-ul Manazil, including the original manuscript located in Berlin, which is being consulted for the first time. It has an exhaustive introduction and extensive notes, along with the use of varied styles in the book to indicate the multiple sources of the text, contextualize Beg’s work for the reader and engage him with the debate concerning the different variants of this unique and eclectic work.

Download Full-text

Planning and maintenance of urban architectural environmental color—A case study of xingning traditional block in nanning city

International Journal of Electrical Engineering Education ◽

10.1177/0020720920984672 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 002072092098467

Author(s):

Lu Zhang ◽

Zhenghong Peng

Keyword(s):

Vital Role ◽

Architectural Style ◽

Unique Color ◽

Architectural Features ◽

City District ◽

Urban Planning And Development ◽

Systematic Planning ◽

The Times ◽

The City

As the most historically and culturally valuable city district in Nanning, Xingning Block has gradually formed its own unique color characteristics and architectural style in the slow process of urban historical development, showing the unique local customs and architectural features. However, restricted by the specific development conditions, many undesirable aspects can be found in the overall architectural landscape color of some nodes on the block, such as lack of systematic planning, poor material matching, messy building color, as well as various challenges of contemporary social development to the architectural environmental color on the block.The architectural environmental color of urban traditional blocks is an important part of the specific history, culture and spirit of the times of a city, which plays a vital role in the development and change of the city. Therefore, how to effectively and reasonably do a good job in sustainable urban planning and development is an issue that must attract the attention of competent authorities at all levels, scientific research institutions and planning practitioners.

Download Full-text

Simulation-Based Sample-Size Calculation for Designing New Clinical Trials and Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies to Update an Existing Meta-Analysis

The Stata Journal Promoting communications on statistics and Stata ◽

10.1177/1536867x1301300302 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 451-473 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Michael J. Crowther ◽

Sally R. Hinchliffe ◽

Alison Donald ◽

Alex J. Sutton

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Sample Size ◽

Diagnostic Test ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Sample Size Calculation ◽

Diagnostic Test Accuracy ◽

Test Accuracy ◽

Simulation Based

Download Full-text

The most frequently asked question to a statistician: The sample size

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1177/1352458517695471 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 644-646 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maria Pia Sormani

Keyword(s):

Clinical Study ◽

Sample Size ◽

Study Design ◽

Treatment Effect ◽

Sample Size Calculation ◽

Ethical Implications ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Reducing Costs ◽

Correct Size

The calculation of the sample size needed for a clinical study is the challenge most frequently put to statisticians, and it is one of the most relevant issues in the study design. The correct size of the study sample optimizes the number of patients needed to get the result, that is, to detect the minimum treatment effect that is clinically relevant. Minimizing the sample size of a study has the advantage of reducing costs, enhancing feasibility, and also has ethical implications. In this brief report, I will explore the main concepts on which the sample size calculation is based.

Download Full-text