scholarly journals In vitro cytotoxicity of different thermoplastic materials for clear aligners

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 942-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Martina ◽  
Roberto Rongo ◽  
Rosaria Bucci ◽  
Armando Viviano Razionale ◽  
Rosa Valletta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Gingival Fibroblasts ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide ◽  
Thermoforming Process ◽  
Post Hoc

ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity of different thermoplastic materials for clear aligners on human primary gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Materials and Methods: Four materials for clear aligners were considered in this study: Duran (Scheu-Dental GmbH, Iserlohn, Germany), Biolon (Dreve Dentamid GmbH, Unna, Germany), Zendura (Bay Materials LLC, Fremont, CA, USA), and SmartTrack (Align Technology, San Jose, CA, USA). Three out of four materials (Duran, Biolon, Zendura) were assessed as thermoformed and nonthermoformed, whereas the SmartTrack was assessed only as thermoformed. The samples were placed at 37°C in airtight test tubes containing Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM; 0.1 mg/mL) for 14 days. The cell viability of HGFs cultured with this medium was assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Data were analyzed by means of one-way and two-way analysis of variance and post hoc tests (α = 0.05). Results: Each material exhibited a slight cytotoxic effect after 14 days. The highest cytotoxicity level on HGFs was achieved by Biolon (64.6% ± 3.3 of cell viability), followed by Zendura (74.4% ± 2.3 of cell viability), SmartTrack (78.8% ± 6.3 of cell viability), and finally Duran (84.6% ± 4 of cell viability), which was the least cytotoxic. In the comparison between nonthermoformed and thermoformed materials for Duran, Biolon, and Zendura, the thermoformed materials showed the highest level of cytotoxicity (P < .001). Conclusions: Under the experimental conditions of this study, all the materials for clear aligners presented a slight cytotoxicity. Biolon was the most cytotoxic and the thermoforming process increased the cytotoxicity of the materials.

scholarly journals In Vitro Cytotoxicity of White MTA, MTA Fillapex® and Portland Cement on Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Yoshino ◽  
Celso Kenji Nishiyama ◽  
Karin Cristina da Silva Modena ◽  
Carlos Ferreira Santos ◽  
Carla Renata Sipert
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts ◽  
Griess Reagent

The aim of this study was to compare the in vitro cytotoxicity of white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), MTA Fillapex® and Portland cement (PC) on human cultured periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Periodontal ligament fibroblast culture was established and the cells were used for cytotoxic tests after the fourth passage. Cell density was set at 1.25 X10 4 cells/well in 96-well plates. Endodontic material extracts were prepared by placing sealer/cement specimens (5X3mm) in 1mL of culture medium for 72 h. The extracts were then serially two-fold diluted and inserted into the cell-seeded wells for 24, 48 and 72 h. MTT assay was employed for analysis of cell viability. Cell supernatants were tested for nitric oxide using the Griess reagent system. MTA presented cytotoxic effect in undiluted extracts at 24 and 72 h. MTA Fillapex® presented the highest cytotoxic levels with important cell viability reduction for pure extracts and at ½ and ¼ dilutions. In this study, PC did not induce alterations in fibroblast viability. Nitric oxide was detected in extract-treated cell supernatants and also in the extracts only, suggesting presence of nitrite in the soluble content of the tested materials. In the present study, MTA Fillapex displayed the highest cytotoxic effect on periodontal ligament fibroblasts followed by white MTA and PC.

scholarly journals Biocompatibility of glass ionomer cements with and without chlorhexidine

2013 ◽  
Vol 07 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S089-S093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sultan Gulce Iz ◽  
Fahinur Ertugrul ◽  
Ece Eden ◽  
S. Ismet Deliloglu Gurhan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cements ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Diphenyl Tetrazolium Bromide ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
L929 Mouse

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the biocompatibility of glass ionomer cements (GICs) with and without chlorhexidine (CHX) as well as coated with varnish or not using in vitro cytotoxicity test. Materials and Methods: Biocompatibility of Fuji IX, Fuji IX with varnish, Fuji IX with 1% CHX diacetate and Fuji IX with 1% CHX diacetate with varnish was determined with in vitro cytotoxicity assay by using L929 mouse connective tissue fibroblasts. After 72 h, cell viabilities were evaluated by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay to determine the effects of the cements on the mitochondrial function and microscopic images were taken by scanning electron microscopy. Results: Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance followed by the Bonferroni post-hoc test at a significance level of P < 0.05. 72 h after treatment, there were statistically significant differences between Fuji IX and Fuji IX-CHX (p < 0.001). In addition, the reduction of the cytotoxicity by coating the GICs with varnish was indicative and increased the cell viability ratio (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Fuji IX coated with varnish was found to be the most biocompatible one among others. Thus adding CHX significantly reduced the cell viability, it is assumed that, due to the leakage of CHX and the other components of the GICs to the cell culture medium, the cell viabilities were decreased, so it is highly recommended to use varnish not only to reduce the water loss from the GICs, but also to reduce the cytotoxicity of the GICs.

Formulation, Characterization and In vitro Cytotoxicity of 5-Fluorouracil Loaded Polymeric Electrospun Nanofibers for the Treatment of Skin Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayatri Patel ◽  
Bindu K.N. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Fractional Factorial

Background: The purpose of this study was to formulate, characterize and conduct in vitro cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil loaded polymeric electrospun nanofibers for the treatment of skin cancer. The patents on electrospun nanofibers (US9393216B2), (US14146252), (WO2015003155A1) etc. helped in the selection of polymers and method for the preparation of nanofibers. Methods: In the present study, the fabrication of nanofibers was done using a blend of chitosan with polyvinyl alcohol and processed using the electrospinning technique. 5-fluorouracil with known chemotherapeutic potential in the treatment of skin cancer was used as a drug carrier. 24-1 fractional factorial screening design was employed to study the effect of independent variables like the concentration of the polymeric solution, applied voltage (kV), distance (cm), flow rate (ml / hr) on dependent variables like % entrapment efficiency and fiber diameter. Results: Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize fiber diameter and morphology. Results showed that the fiber diameter of all batches was found in the range of 100-200 nm. The optimized batch results showed the fiber diameter of 162.7 nm with uniform fibers. The tensile strength obtained was 190±37 Mpa. Further in vitro and ex vivo drug release profile suggested a controlled release mechanism for an extended period of 24 hr. The 5-fluorouracil loaded electrospun nanofibers were found to decrease cell viability up to ≥50% over 24 hr, with the number of cells dropping by ~ 10% over 48 hr. As the cell viability was affected by the release of 5-fluorouracil, we believe that electrospun nanofibers are a promising drug delivery system for the treatment of Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) skin cancer. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the possibility of delivering 5-Fluorouracil loaded electrospun nanofiber to skin with enhanced encapsulation efficiency indicating the effectiveness of the formulation for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma type of skin cancer.

scholarly journals In vitro cytotoxicity of Aspilia pluriseta Schweinf. extract fractions

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sospeter N. Njeru ◽  
Jackson M. Muema
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Information Gap ◽  
Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide ◽  
Potential Use

Abstract Objectives We and others have shown that Aspilia pluriseta is associated with various biological activities. However, there is a lack of information on its cytotoxicity. This has created an information gap about the safety of A. pluriseta extracts. As an extension to our recent publication on the antimicrobial activity and the phytochemical characterization of A. pluriseta root extracts, here we report on cytotoxicity of tested solvent fractions. We evaluated the potential cytotoxicity of these root extract fractions on Vero cell lines by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results We show that all solvent extract fractions (except methanolic solvent fractions) had cytotoxic concentration values that killed 50% of the Vero cells (CC50) greater than 20 µg/mL and selectivity index (SI) greater than 1.0. Taken together, we demonstrate that, A. pluriseta extract fractions’ earlier reported bioactivities are within the acceptable cytotoxicity and selective index limits. This finding scientifically validates the potential use of A. pluriseta in the discovery of safe therapeutics agents.

Cytotoxicity of an Experimental Light-Cured Orthodontic Adhesive

2019 ◽  
Vol 294 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Kanin Nimcharoensuk ◽  
Niwat Anuwongnukroh ◽  
Surachai Dechkunakorn ◽  
Vanthana Sattabanasuk ◽  
Panya Sunintaboon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
L929 Cell ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cytotoxic Potential ◽  
Monomer Ratio ◽  
Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
L929 Cell Line

The objective of this study was to compare the cytotoxicity of a domestically-made light-cured orthodontic adhesive to a commercial adhesive, Transbond XT (3M Unitek, USA). An in-house orthodontic adhesive composed of a filler 60-70 weight % and a monomer ratio (BisGMA:TEGDMA) of 6:4 with 0.5% of photoinitiator was mixed. The potential cytotoxic effect of this experimental and a control adhesive was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay according to ISO 10993-5: 2009(E). The L929 cell line was grown in 96-well tissue culture plates (1x105 cells/mm3). Thin cured-resin discs of each material weighing 0.4 gram were prepared and incubated for 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 30 days in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM) at 37°C and 95% humidity with 5% CO2. The percentage of cell viability was reported by descriptive statistics. The result showed that the cell viability of the experimental adhesive was higher than Transbond XT in all measured periods. The cytotoxicity of both the adhesives gradually decreased with the progression of time. In conclusion, the in-house adhesive showed a good biocompatibility since the first day following polymerization. On the other hand, Transbond XT started with a cytotoxic potential, then, turned to be non-cytotoxic after 5 days of curing.

Up-conversion emission and in vitro cytotoxicity characterization of blue emitting, biocompatible SrTiO3 nanoparticles activated with Tm3+ and Yb3+ ions

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (45) ◽  
pp. 39469-39479 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pazik ◽  
A. Zięcina ◽  
B. Poźniak ◽  
M. Malecka ◽  
L. Marciniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
U2os Cells

Blue emitting, up-converting NP's of SrTiO3:Tm3+/Yb3+ synthesized using the citric route are biocompatible towards J774.E whereas the cytotoxic effect to U2OS cells is not particle size dependent but most probably is related to Sr2+ ion release.

scholarly journals Temozolomide sensitivity of malignant glioma cell lines – a systematic review assessing consistencies between in vitro studies

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. C. Poon ◽  
Morgan Bruce ◽  
Joanne E. Simpson ◽  
Cathal J. Hannan ◽  
Paul M. Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Malignant Glioma ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Glioma Cell ◽  
Glioma Cell Line ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Glioma Cell Lines

Abstract Background Malignant glioma cell line models are integral to pre-clinical testing of novel potential therapies. Accurate prediction of likely efficacy in the clinic requires that these models are reliable and consistent. We assessed this by examining the reporting of experimental conditions and sensitivity to temozolomide in glioma cells lines. Methods We searched Medline and Embase (Jan 1994-Jan 2021) for studies evaluating the effect of temozolomide monotherapy on cell viability of at least one malignant glioma cell line. Key data items included type of cell lines, temozolomide exposure duration in hours (hr), and cell viability measure (IC50). Results We included 212 studies from 2789 non-duplicate records that reported 248 distinct cell lines. The commonest cell line was U87 (60.4%). Only 10.4% studies used a patient-derived cell line. The proportion of studies not reporting each experimental condition ranged from 8.0–27.4%, including base medium (8.0%), serum supplementation (9.9%) and number of replicates (27.4%). In studies reporting IC50, the median value for U87 at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h was 123.9 μM (IQR 75.3–277.7 μM), 223.1 μM (IQR 92.0–590.1 μM) and 230.0 μM (IQR 34.1–650.0 μM), respectively. The median IC50 at 72 h for patient-derived cell lines was 220 μM (IQR 81.1–800.0 μM). Conclusion Temozolomide sensitivity reported in comparable studies was not consistent between or within malignant glioma cell lines. Drug discovery science performed on these models cannot reliably inform clinical translation. A consensus model of reporting can maximise reproducibility and consistency among in vitro studies.

scholarly journals In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Self-Adhesive Dual-Cured Resin Cement Polymerized Beneath Three Different Cusp Inclinations of Zirconia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Chang-Yuan Zhang ◽  
Yi-Ling Cheng ◽  
Xin-Wen Tong ◽  
Hao Yu ◽  
Hui Cheng
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Resin Cement ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Extract Solution ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Light Curing ◽  
Post Hoc

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity of self-adhesive dual-cured resin cement (SADRC) polymerized beneath three different cusp inclinations of zirconia with different light curing time. A commercial SADRC (Multilink Speed) was polymerized beneath zirconia (ZrO2) with three different cusp inclinations (0°, 20°, and 30°) for 20 s or 40 s. After being stored in light-proof box for 24 h, the ZrO2-SADRC specimens were immersed in DMEM for 72 h and then we got the extract solution, cultured the human gingival fibroblasts (HGF, 8 × 103 per well) with 100% or 50% concentrations of the extract solution for 24 h, 72 h, and 120 h, respectively, and evaluated cytotoxicity of the polymerized SADRC with CCK-8 assay in optical density (OD) values, relative growth rates (RGR), and cytotoxicity grades. Statistical analysis was conducted using a two-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Student–Newman–Keuls test. The OD values varied from 0.8930 to 3.2920, the RGR varied from 33.93% to 98.68%, and the cytotoxicity grades varied from 0 to 2. There was significant difference in the OD values among the different cusp inclinations of zirconia (P < 0.001), and there was significant difference in the OD values between the different light curing times in some situations (P < 0.05). The cusp inclination of zirconia affects the in vitro cytotoxicity of SADRC. Prolonging the light curing time from 20 s to 40 s can reduce the in vitro cytotoxicity of SADRC when the cusp inclination of zirconia is smaller than 20°.

scholarly journals Multiresponsive Hybrid Microparticles for Stimuli-Responsive Delivery of Bioactive Compounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei S. Vlasov ◽  
Pavel S. Postnikov ◽  
Mikhail V. Belousov ◽  
Sergei V. Krivoshchekov ◽  
Mekhman S. Yusubov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Iron Core ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Ultrasonic Fields ◽  
Burst Intensity ◽  
Free Doxorubicin

Hybrid microparticles based on an iron core and an amphiphilic polymeric shell have been prepared to respond simultaneously to magnetic and ultrasonic fields and variation in the surrounding pH to trigger and modulate the delivery of doxorubicin. The microparticles have been developed in four steps: (i) synthesis of the iron core; (ii) surface modification of the core; (iii) conjugation with the amphiphilic poly(lactic acid)-grafted chitosan; and (iv) doxorubicin loading. The particles demonstrate spherical shape, a size in the range of 1–3 µm and surface charge that is tuneable by changing the pH of the environment. The microparticles demonstrate good stability in simulated physiological solutions and are able to hold up to 400 µg of doxorubicin per mg of dried particles. The response to ultrasound and the changes in the shell structure during exposure to different pH levels allows the control of the burst intensity and release rate of the payload. Additionally, the magnetic response of the iron core is preserved despite the polymer coat. In vitro cytotoxicity tests performed on fibroblast NIH/3T3 demonstrate a reduction in the cell viability after administration of doxorubicin-loaded microparticles compared to the administration of free doxorubicin. The application of ultrasound causes a burst in the release of the doxorubicin from the carrier, causing a decrease in cell viability. The microparticles demonstrate in vitro cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility at concentrations of up to 50 and 60 µg/mL, respectively.

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