scholarly journals Assessment of vertical changes during maxillary expansion using quad helix or bonded rapid maxillary expander

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 925-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara Conroy-Piskai ◽  
Maria Therese S. Galang-Boquiren ◽  
Ales Obrez ◽  
Maria Grace Costa Viana ◽  
Nelson Oppermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Maxillary Expansion ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Palatal Expansion ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vertical Changes ◽  
Quad Helix

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine if there is a significantly different effect on vertical changes during phase I palatal expansion treatment using a quad helix and a bonded rapid maxillary expander in growing skeletal Class I and Class II patients. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study looked at 2 treatment groups, a quad helix group and a bonded rapid maxillary expander group, before treatment (T1) and at the completion of phase I treatment (T2). Each treatment group was compared to an untreated predicted growth model. Lateral cephalograms at T1 and T2 were traced and analyzed for changes in vertical dimension. Results: No differences were found between the treatment groups at T1, but significant differences at T2 were found for convexity, lower facial height, total facial height, facial axis, and Frankfort Mandibular Plane Angle (FMA) variables. A comparison of treatment groups at T2 to their respective untreated predicted growth models found a significant difference for the lower facial height variable in the quad helix group and for the upper first molar to palatal plane (U6-PP) variable in the bonded expander group. Conclusion: Overall, both the quad helix expander and the bonded rapid maxillary expander showed minimal vertical changes during palatal expansion treatment. The differences at T2 suggested that the quad helix expander had more control over skeletal vertical measurements. When comparing treatment results to untreated predicted growth values, the quad helix expander appeared to better maintain lower facial height and the bonded rapid maxillary expander appeared to better maintain the maxillary first molar vertical height.

Growth Pattern in Skeletal Class I Malocclusion: A Cephalometric Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Sujal Amatya ◽  
Rabindra Man Shrestha ◽  
Shristi Napit
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Class I ◽  
Facial Growth ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Growth Modification ◽  
Cephalometric Study

Introduction: Great emphasis has been given to the evaluation of sagittal apical base relationship in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. The prediction of magnitude and direction of facial growth based on sagittal relationship will help in orthodontic treatment with growth modification. The objective of the study is to assess the growth pattern in skeletal Class I malocclusion. Materials and Method: 104 subjects (52 male and 52 female) with the age between 18-30 years with Class I skeletal relation was selected from lateral cephalograms of patients visiting the Department of Orthodontics, Kantipur Dental College. The ANB angle was measured to assess the sagittal jaw relationship and the Jarabak’s ratio to access the growth pattern. Descriptive statistics were calculated for each parameter. Pearson’s test was done to evaluate the correlation between the parameters. Independent t-test was done to compare Anterior Facial height (AFH), Posterior Facial Height (PFH) and Jarabak’s ratio between male and female subjects. Result: Among the total subjects with skeletal Class I malocclusion; hyperdivergent growth pattern was least (10.57%), followed by normodivergent (18.26%) and hypodivergent growth pattern (71.15%). Mean Jarabak’s ratio for hyperdivergent, normodivergent and hypodivergent growth pattern were 58.65±1.94, 63.98±0.85 and 69.98±4.13 respectively. Very strong correlation was found between AFH and PFH in hyperdivergent (r = 0.821) and normodivergent group (r =0.978). Strong correlation was found in hypodivergent group between AFH and PFH (r =0.743). Also, strong correlation was found in hypodivergent group between PFH and Jarabak’s ratio (r =0.643). Conclusion: Hypodivergent growth pattern was the dominant growth pattern in skeletal Class I malocclusion. PFH influenced the determination of Jarabak’s ratio more than the AFH in hypodivergent growth pattern. Hypodivergent growth pattern is correlated with large SNB angle.

scholarly journals Two Different Applications of Class II Elastics with Nonextraction Segmental Techniques

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 694-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aslihan Uzel ◽  
Ilter Uzel ◽  
M. Serdar Toroglu
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Class Ii Elastics

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the relative effects of Class II elastics applied directly with utility arches (UAs) or with the Reciprocal Mini–Chin Cup (RMCC) appliance. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients with Class II division 1 malocclusion were included. Fifteen of them were treated with the RMCC appliance and the other 15 treated with Class II elastics on UAs. Lateral cephalograms of an additional 15 untreated persons having the same characteristics as the treatment groups were used as a control group. Results: The mean control period was 10 months. Class I molar and canine relationships were achieved in a mean treatment time of 4.6 months with the RMCC appliance and in 8.5 months with the elastics on UAs. The amount of overjet reduction was 4.7 mm in the RMCC group (87.87% dental) and 5.2 mm in the UA group (80.76% dental). The molar correction was 4.5 mm in the RMCC group (87.36% dental) and 2.0 mm in the UA group (51.47% dental). The anterior lower facial height increased in both of the treatment groups. Conclusions: The RMCC appliance is a valuable alternative for Class II elastic use in Class II cases in which the upper molars need to be moved to the distal more than the upper incisors.

scholarly journals Is Palatal Rugae Morphology Stable in Patients Treated with Myofunctional Therapy in Skeletal Class II Cases?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 562-566
Author(s):  
Monika M. Ahuja ◽  
Ranjit H. Kamble ◽  
Sunita Shrivastava ◽  
Navjeet S. Gurudatta ◽  
Pooja S. Bidwai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Myofunctional Therapy ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Palatal Rugae ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pre Treatment

BACKGROUND Palatine rugae are small transverse structures present in the anterior 2 / 3rd of the palate. These rugae are protected by various structures of the oral cavity. They are immovable structures but variations in the oral cavity may lead to alterations in these small structures. There have been many studies that have quoted changes in these rugae patterns with various tooth movements whereas various other studies demonstrate no significant changes. None of the studies in specific have mentioned about palatal rugae changes with myofunctional appliances. The objective of this research was to evaluate the palatal rugae morphology and its stability after myofunctional therapy, as expansion and movement of teeth might lead to changes in these rugae. METHODS A total of 90 maxillary casts, 30 of Class I, 30 of Class II pre-treatment and casts of same subjects after myofunctional therapy, patients age ranging between 10 and 13 years were selected for the study. Length, intermedial and interlateral distances, angle of divergence and position of rugae were studied based on Lysell Classification 1955 and Thomas and Kotze Classification 1983. RESULTS Secondary and fragmentary rugae were found to be statistically significant as they were increased in Class II samples compared to Class I. The rugae in Class II samples were found to be shorter and therefore significant results were seen. IM1, IM2, IM4, IM5 and IM6 were found to be statistically significant respectively. Similarly, IL2, IL4, IL5 and IL6 were appreciable. IM1 was found to be appreciable. IL1, IL2, IL3 and IL4 were statistically significant. Significant difference was found in mean rugae value among Class I and Class II pre-treatment groups. Statistically significant difference was found in mean rugae value among Class I and Class II pre-treatment group. Incisive papilla to posterior border of last rugae (IP-PBA) was found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Myofunctional therapy did have an effect on the rugae pattern. But the age group of 10 – 13 years consisted of growing individuals. Therefore, it could not be concluded as to whether the changes were because of growth taking place or because of myofunctional therapy. KEY WORDS Palatine Rugae, Myofunctional Appliances, Class II Malocclusion

Vertical Proportion of the Face: A Cephalometric study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Rajiv Yadav ◽  
Kishor Dutta ◽  
Nabin Gosain ◽  
Anil K Yadav ◽  
Neelam Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Class I ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Vertical Growth ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Horizontal Growth ◽  
Vertical Growth Pattern

Introduction: Balance in vertical facial proportion is an important criteria for good esthetics. Variations in vertical growth are common and have certain orthodontic implications. The objectives of this study were to determine mean upper anterior facial height and lower anterior facial height, ratio between UAFH to LAFH and their difference among genders in skeletal Class I patients with different vertical growth pattern among patients visiting department of Orthodontic and Dentofacial orthopedics, Tribhuvan University Dental Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu. Materials and Method: This study was descriptive observational cross sectional study with 105 sample aged from 18-25 years. Pretreatment cephalometric radiograph of Skeletal Class I patients were taken and divided into three growth patterns as group I (normal growth pattern), group II (horizontal growth pattern ) and group III (vertical growth pattern ). Upper anterior facial height (N-ANS) and lower anterior facial height (ANS-Me) of all samples were measured on lateral cephalogram with cephalometric tracing ruler parallel to true vertical line. Descriptive statistics was used to calculate mean, minimum, and maximum values standard deviations with p value <0.05. Result: The upper anterior facial height (UAFH) and lower anterior facial height (LAFH) measurements in normal growth pattern was 52.37 and 64.4 , in horizontal growth pattern was 53.0 and 62.2, in vertical growth pattern was 53.37 and 64.42 respectively. The mean ratio of upper and lower anterior facial height in normal, horizontal and vertical growth pattern was 0.81, 0.85 and 0.79 respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in upper and lower facial heights between males and females. There was no statistically significant difference in UAFH between normal, horizontal and vertical growth pattern but statistically significant difference was observed in LAFH between groups. Conclusion: The cephalometric values for different vertical groups in skeletal class I can be used more specifically for diagnosis and treatment planning of Nepali population.

scholarly journals Cephalometric Approach to Vertical Facial Height

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Suvit Maskey ◽  
Rosha Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Class I ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cephalometric Analysis ◽  
Prosthetic Rehabilitation ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Face ◽  
Edentulous Patients ◽  
Vertical Height

Introduction: The vertical heights and the proportions are very important for balance of the face and attractiveness along with the good smile. Harmonious vertical proportions and the Antero-posterior relations contribute to aesthetics. Therefore it is necessary to determine the vertical facial height and the ratios in treatment planning of the patients. The aims and objectives of this study are to compare the vertical facial heights of patients considering the Lower Anterior Facial Height (LAFH), the Upper Anterior Facial Height (UAFH), Total Anterior Facial Height (TAFH) and Posterior Facial Height (PFH) among the sexes in Class I skeletal group obtained from cephalometric analysis. Materials & Method: The study material comprised of 52 patients (24 males and 28 females) and lateral cephalometric radiographs were traced with Skeletal Class I relationship. Cephalometric analysis was performed by using hand tracing. Independent t tests were used for comparisons. Result: The total anterior facial height (TAFH), lower anterior facial height (LAFH), upper anterior facial height (UAFH), total posterior facial height (TPFH) measurements showed no significant differences between both sexes in Skeletal Class I group but statistically significant difference in ratios of posterior facial height and total anterior facial height and also there was statistically significant differences in the ratio between upper facial height and the total anterior facial height (p value <0.05). Conclusion: This cephalometric analysis can be applied to determine the vertical height of occlusion which can be helpful in prosthetic rehabilitation of edentulous patients.

Three-dimensional Evaluation of Dentoskeletal Changes after Posterior Cross-bite Correction by Quad-Helix or Removable Appliances

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bodil Boysen ◽  
Kirsten La Cour ◽  
Athanasios E. Athanasiou ◽  
Poul E. Gjessing
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Maxillary Expansion ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Retention Period ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Removable Appliance ◽  
Removable Appliances ◽  
Quad Helix ◽  
Molar Region

The aim of the study was to evaluate in a three-dimensional manner the dentoskeletàl changes after slow maxillary expansion. The sample consisted of 34 children with a unilateral, symmetrical posterior cross-bite. Half of the children were treated with a quad-helix and the rest with a removable appliance. Assessment of the changes was made with study casts, and frontal and lateral cephalograms, before treatment, at the end of the expansion, after a retention period of 3 months, and after a post-retention period of 3 months. The results showed that sufficient expansion of the dental arches took place in both groups. The expansion expressed in the molar region in the quad-helix group was mostly due to buccal translation of the teeth and in the removable appliance group due to buccal tipping. The quad-helix group showed somewhat greater basal expansion than the removable appliance group, though the basal expansion in both groups was rather small. A tendency towards an increase of the NL/ML angle characterized the removable appliance group, but the opposite pattern was present in the quad-helix group.

scholarly journals Cephalometric Changes Following Maxillary Expansion with Ni-Ti Leaf Springs Palatal Expander and Rapid Maxillary Expander: A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5748
Author(s):  
Valentina Lanteri ◽  
Andrea Abate ◽  
Davide Cavagnetto ◽  
Alessandro Ugolini ◽  
Francesca Gaffuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Leaf Spring ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maxillary Expansion ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
One Way Anova

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare, through bidimensional cephalometry, skeletal and dental changes obtained from a rapid maxillary expander (RME) and a Ni-Ti leaf spring expander (Leaf) and compare them with an untreated control group. Methods: Records consisted of lateral cephalograms obtained before and after maxillary expansion of patients that underwent orthodontic treatment at the Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences. The Leaf expander group consisted of 9 males (mean age = 7.5 ± 0.9 years old) and 11 females (mean age = 8.2 ± 0.6 years old). The RME group of the present study was composed of 11 males (mean age = 7.8 ± 0.6 years old) and 12 females (mean age = 8.1 ± 0.5 years old). Digital cephalograms were traced using Dolphin Imaging software v.11.1 (Dolphin Imaging and Management Solutions; Los Angeles, CA, USA), which calculated all reported measurements. Each subject was assigned a random identification number, and the examiner was blinded to the subject when measuring. The difference between the two experimental times in all groups was evaluated using the Student’s t-test for dependent variables. The difference between the two evaluation times in each group for all the variables was used to perform a one-way ANOVA test between the three groups. Results: No statistically significant difference was noted, apart from the angle between the upper incisor and the SN and PP planes, which showed an average decrease of 3.25 and 2.55, respectively, and the angle between the lower incisors and the mandibular plane, which showed an average increase of 2.85 degrees. The one-way ANOVA showed no statistically significant difference between the three groups. Conclusions: It appears that the leaf expander and the RME present similar effects such as dental and skeletal changes.

scholarly journals Angular Relationship between Frankfort Horizontal Plane and Sella-Nasion Plane in Nepalese Orthodontic Patients: A Cephalometric Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Jamal Giri ◽  
Prabhat Ranjan Pokharel ◽  
Rajesh Gyawali
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
Class I ◽  
Anova Analysis ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cephalometric Study ◽  
Frankfort Horizontal Plane

Introduction: The angle between Frankfort horizontal (FH) plane and Sella-Nasion (SN) plane is considered to be 7°. Various studies have shown that the FH-SN angulations could vary; which can affect cephalometric diagnosis.Objective: To determine average FH-SN angle for a group of Nepalese orthodontic patients. The secondary objectives were to assess whether the FH-SN angle exhibits sexual dimorphism and to evaluate the FH-SN angle in different skeletal relationships.Materials & Method: Lateral cephalograms of 238 orthodontic patients were hand traced and the angle between the FH and SN plane was measured and recorded. The cephalograms were also classified as skeletal Class I, II or III cases using Wits appraisal.Result: The average FH-SN angle was 6.71° ± 3.13°. FH-SN angle was greater in female samples compared to males. However, the difference was not statistically significant. Similarly, the ANOVA analysis revealed no significant difference between FH-SN angles in different skeletal relationships.Conclusion: The average FH-SN angle for a group of Nepalese orthodontic patients was 6.71° ± 3.13°. There was no statistically significant difference in FH-SN angle between skeletal Class I, II and III relationships

scholarly journals Treatment of Maxillary Retrusion-Face Mask with or without RPE?

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elona Kongo
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Maxillary Incisor ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Maxillary Protraction ◽  
Palatal Expansion ◽  
Rapid Palatal Expansion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Incisor Inclination

SummaryBackground/Aim: Maxillary transverse deficiency often combines with retruded maxillary skeletal position causing a skeletal class III malocclusion. In these cases combination of rapid palatal expander and a facial mask to protract the maxilla is a very effective treatment protocol. When the maxilla is not deficient is it necessary to use palatal expansion before protracting? Should we use this combination because it has been proved to be effective? The aim of this paper is to show that maxillary protraction is also effective when applied without expanding the maxilla although there are some statistically significant changes.Material and Methods: Two groups of 20 patients each, were created for this study. The first group were treated with rapid palatal expansion and face mask. In the second group, patients were treated only with face mask.Results: Measurements made at T0 (prior to treatment) and those at T1 (after treatment) were statistically analyzed. At the end of the treatment patients of the 1st group showed significant difference for the values of SNA, SNB, ANB angles (p=0.000). Significant changes were observed also for the second group (SNA, SNB, ANB). The only differences between the two groups were observed regarding SNA angle (p=0.040) and maxillary incisor inclination (p=0.028).Conclusions: At the end of treatment, all patients showed skeletal class III correction and improved facial appearance. Significant changes of SNA angle were observed for each group. There were also significant changes in the position of the mandible. These changes contributed in skeletal class III correction but there was no significant difference between them.

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