scholarly journals Electron Microscopy and Diffraction Study of the Carbide Precipitated at the First Stage of Tempering of Martensitic Medium Carbon Steel

1974 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiko Hirotsu ◽  
Sigemaro Nagakura
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Diffraction Study ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Medium Carbon

Machinability of an Experimental Graphitised Carbon Steel

2016 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
pp. 477-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aqil Inam ◽  
David Edmonds
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Chip Morphology ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Experimental Medium ◽  
High Temperature Anneal ◽  
Steel Grades ◽  
Alternative Routes

The machinability of an experimental medium-carbon steel with a composition designed to promote rapid graphitisation during a high temperature anneal has been studied. The goal has been to explore alternative routes to a competitive free-cutting composition enabling less expensive steelmaking, manufacturing and recycling. Three starting microstructures prior to annealing have been considered; martensite, bainite and ferrite/pearlite. The microstructures and graphite dispersions formed have been characterised by optical and electron microscopy and the performance of the steel during machining compared with commercial free-cutting steel grades. A bench-top drill rig and metallographic techniques were used to evaluate relative machinability parameters, including surface roughness, tool wear and chip morphology. Thus it proved possible to rank the experimental steel graphitised from the three starting microstructural conditions and also against the commercial free-cutting steels.

Microstructural Evolution during Warm Compression of Medium Carbon Steel Quenched

2008 ◽  
Vol 47-50 ◽  
pp. 853-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Microstructural Evolution ◽  
Lath Martensite ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
High Angle ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Gleeble 3500

In order to produce nano-structured carbon steel, a 0.45%C steel was quenched and warm-compressed on a Gleeble 3500 Machine. The microstructural evolution during the process was studied by using an optical microscope and a transmission electron microscopy. The starting microstructure was lath martensite with a small amount of flake martensite. A lot of high-angle boundaries between martensite laths were induced after 50% reduction compression at 350°C. The microstructure of the specimen compressed at 600-650°C was nano-carbides + equiaxed ultrafine ferrite grains. The mechanism for grain refinement is incomplete dynamic recrystallization.

The Investigation of Surface Nanocrystallization of Structural Steel Induced by Supersonic Fine Particles Bombarding

2008 ◽  
Vol 373-374 ◽  
pp. 811-814
Author(s):  
De Ma Ba ◽  
Shi Ning Ma ◽  
Fan Jun Meng ◽  
C.Q. Li
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Alloy Steel ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Nanostructured Surface ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Silicon Alloy ◽  
Cell Structures

The nanostructured surface layers were fabricated on a hardened and tempered chrome-silicon alloy steel and a normalized medium carbon steel by mean of Supersonic Fine Particles Bombarding (SFPB). The microstructure features in the treated surface layer were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. Experimental results show the nanostructured surface layer is fabricated on both samples after SFPB treatment. The microstructure of the top surface is characterized by uniformly distributed nano-scale grains with equiaxed shape and random crystallographic orientations. The mean size of equiaxed nanocrystallites on the top surface layer is approximately 15-20nm for the SFPB treated medium carbon steel and Chrome-silicon alloy steel. During severe deformation the grain refinement in ferrite and cementite phases is observed, the cementite phases are exposed to breaking and dissolution due to mechanical alloying resulting in the formation of a supersaturated solid solution of carbon in α-Fe matrix. In the ferrite phase, the grains are refined by the process of dislocation actives and forming cell structures separated by dense dislocation walls (DDWs), as well as evolution of dislocation to subboundaries and grain boundaries.

scholarly journals Surface Alloys of 0.45 C Carbon Steel Produced by High Current Pulsed Electron Beam

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2019) ◽  
pp. 444-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingyan Zhang ◽  
Yunxue Jin ◽  
Xitong Wang ◽  
Jie Cai ◽  
Qingfeng Guan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
High Current ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Pulsed Electron Beam ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Before And After

AbstractThe chromium was deposited on the surface of 0.45 C medium carbon steel by high current pulsed electron beam (HCPEB) alloying treatment to obtain a high quality alloying layer. The microstructure of the alloying layer was studied by X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy. The hardness of the surface was measured by Vickers durometer. The corrosion resistance of samples before and after HCPEB irradiation was also measured by an electrochemical workstation. The results showed that the alloying layer with a dept of about 4–9 μm on the surface was formed after HCPEB alloying treatment. TEM results revealed that the Cr element is dissolved on the surface and alloyed with C element in the substrate to form Cr23C6 enhanced particles. The microhardness and corrosion resistance of the medium carbon steel subjected to a HCPEB alloying processing were remarkably improved compared with the original one.

INFLUENCE THE QUENCHING AND TEMPERING ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS, OF MEDIUM CARBON STEEL

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
Sattar H A Alfatlawi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Quenching And Tempering

One of ways to improve properties of materials without changing the product shape toobtain the desired engineering applications is heating and cooling under effect of controlledsequence of heat treatment. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect ofheating and cooling on the surface roughness, microstructure and some selected propertiessuch as the hardness and impact strength of Medium Carbon Steel which treated at differenttypes of heat treatment processes. Heat treatment achieved in this work was respectively,heating, quenching and tempering. The specimens were heated to 850°C and left for 45minutes inside the furnace as a holding time at that temperature, then quenching process wasperformed in four types of quenching media (still air, cold water (2°C), oil and polymersolution), respectively. Thereafter, the samples were tempered at 200°C, 400°C, and 600°Cwith one hour as a soaking time for each temperature, then were all cooled by still air. Whenthe heat treatment process was completed, the surface roughness, hardness, impact strengthand microstructure tests were performed. The results showed a change and clearimprovement of surface roughness, mechanical properties and microstructure afterquenching was achieved, as well as the change that took place due to the increasingtoughness and ductility by reducing of brittleness of samples.

AISI 1025

Alloy Digest ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Cold Worked

Abstract AISI 1025 is a low-to-medium-carbon steel used in the hot-worked, cold-worked, normalized or water-quenched-and-tempered condition for general-purpose construction and engineering. It is also used for case-hardened components. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: CS-47. Producer or source: Carbon and alloy steel mills.

AISI 1551

Alloy Digest ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
High Manganese ◽  
Hand Tools ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Cold Worked ◽  
Hot Rolled ◽  
Good Workability

Abstract AISI 1551 is a medium-carbon steel containing relatively high manganese (0.85-1.15%) for a carbon steel. It can be used in the hot-rolled, annealed, normalized, cold-worked or liquid-quenched-and-tempered condition for numerous applications. It has a combination of good machinability and good workability. Its many uses include hand tools, machinery parts, springs and agricultural machinery. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: CS-80. Producer or source: Carbon steel mills.

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