A Prospective, Multicentric Study to Evaluate the Effects of Saroglitazar on Non-HDL Cholesterol and Small Dense LDL Particles in Patients with Diabetic Dyslipidemia

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 38-LB
Author(s):  
UPENDRA KAUL ◽  
PEEYUSH JAIN ◽  
RANJAN KACHRU ◽  
VINEET BHATIA ◽  
PRIYADARSHINI ARAMBAM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Diabetic Dyslipidemia ◽  
Multicentric Study ◽  
Small Dense Ldl ◽  
Ldl Particles

scholarly journals Pathophysiology and clinical significance of atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype and small dense LDL particles

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Djeric
Keyword(s):  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Lipid Transfer ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Small Dense Ldl ◽  
Atherogenic Lipoprotein ◽  
Ldl Particles ◽  
Atherogenic Lipoprotein Phenotype ◽  
Lipoprotein Phenotype

In spite of strong proofs supporting cholesterol hypothesis, serum cholesterol concentration is not a good discriminative factor in assessing the risk of coronary heart disease. The degree of reduction of coronary risk depends also on the level of serum triglycerides. Namely, within metabolic disturbance of triglyceride rich lipoproteins, a reciprocal lipid transfer takes place in the course of delipidation cascade, yielding the remodelling of all the classes of lipoproteins and establishing the so-called atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype (increase in triglycerides, small dense LDL, and apolipoprotein B, and decrease in HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I). A major part of the atherogenic potential of this phenotype is related to the increase in the number of small dense LDL particles (phenotype B), and not because of the contribution to the serum cholesterol, but due to their lower affinity to LDL receptors, easier penetration to arterial intima, longer retention in subendothelium accelerated oxidation, prompt takeover by macrophages and establishing of endothelial dysfunction.

Small dense LDL particles occur in NIDDM patients with mild hyperlipidaemia

1993 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
M.W. Stewart ◽  
R.G. Dyer ◽  
M.F. Laker
Keyword(s):  
Small Dense Ldl ◽  
Ldl Particles ◽  
Niddm Patients

scholarly journals Effects of Armolipid Plus on small dense LDL particles in a sample of patients affected by familial combined hyperlipidemia

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 475-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Gentile ◽  
Ilenia Calcaterra ◽  
Alfonso Strazzullo ◽  
Carmen Pagano ◽  
Delia Pacioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia ◽  
Small Dense Ldl ◽  
Ldl Particles

scholarly journals Small, Dense LDL Particles Predict Changes in Intima Media Thickness and Insulin Resistance in Men with Type 2 Diabetes and Prediabetes – A Prospective Cohort Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. e72763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp A. Gerber ◽  
Christoph Thalhammer ◽  
Christian Schmied ◽  
Silviana Spring ◽  
Beatrice Amann-Vesti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Small Dense Ldl ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Ldl Particles

Relevance of hepatic lipase to the metabolism of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1070-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zambon ◽  
S. Bertocco ◽  
N. Vitturi ◽  
V. Polentarutti ◽  
D. Vianello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Hepatic Lipase ◽  
Heparan Sulphate ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hepatic Uptake ◽  
Small Dense Ldl ◽  
Ldl Particles

HL (hepatic lipase) is a glycoprotein that is synthesized and secreted by the liver, and which binds to heparan sulphate proteoglycans on the surface of sinusoidal endothelial cells and on the external surface of parenchymal cells in the space of Disse. HL catalyses the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols and phospholipids in different lipoproteins, contributing to the remodelling of VLDL (very-low-density lipoprotein) remnants, as well as IDL, LDL and HDL (intermediate-, low- and high-density lipoprotein respectively). HL deficiency in humans is associated with diminished conversion of VLDL remnants into IDL and a near-complete absence of IDL-to-LDL conversion. Remnant lipoproteins and IDL are major determinants of coronary artery disease risk, and accumulation of these lipoproteins in the presence of low HL activity might lead to increased atherosclerosis. In addition to and independently of its lipolytic activity, HL participates as a ligand in promoting the hepatic uptake of remnants and IDL particles, and the latter may represent an additional mechanism linking low HL levels to plasma accumulation of these atherogenic lipoproteins. On the other hand, high HL activity may also result in an increased atherosclerotic risk by promoting the formation of atherogenic small, dense LDL particles. Finally, HL is also synthesized by human macrophages, suggesting that, at the arterial wall site, HL may also contribute locally to promote atherosclerosis by enhancing the formation and retention in the subendothelial space of the arterial wall of VLDL remnants, IDL and small, dense LDL. In conclusion, by interfering with the metabolism of apolipoprotein B100-containing lipoproteins, HL may have pro- as well as anti-atherogenic effects. The anti- or pro-atherogenic role of HL is likely to be modulated by the concurrent presence of other lipid abnormalities (i.e. LDL-cholesterol levels), as well as by the genetic regulation of other enzymes involved in lipoprotein metabolism.

scholarly journals Lipoprotein Subclass Abnormalities and Incident Hypertension in Initially Healthy Women

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1178-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina P Paynter ◽  
Howard D Sesso ◽  
David Conen ◽  
James D Otvos ◽  
Samia Mora
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Incident Hypertension ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Lipoprotein Particle ◽  
Ldl Particles ◽  
Lipoprotein Particle Size ◽  
Lipoprotein Size

BACKGROUND Abnormalities in traditional lipids, particularly decreased HDL cholesterol and increased triglycerides, can precede the onset of hypertension. Whether lipoprotein particle size or subclass concentrations play a role in the development of hypertension is unknown. METHODS We followed 17 527 initially healthy women without baseline hypertension prospectively for 8 years. At baseline, information regarding traditional lipids and hypertension risk factors was obtained, and lipoprotein size and subclass concentrations were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS Baseline lipoprotein size and subclass concentrations were significantly associated with incident hypertension. Although LDL cholesterol was not associated with hypertension [odds ratio (OR) for quintile 5 vs 1: 1.08 (95% CI 0.96–1.20)], increased concentrations of LDL particles were associated with greater risk [OR 1.73 (1.54–1.95)], especially small LDL particles [OR 1.62 (1.45–1.83)]. Increased HDL cholesterol was associated with lower risk of hypertension [OR for quintile 5 vs 1: 0.79 (0.70–0.89)]. By contrast, increased concentrations of HDL particles had greater risk [OR 1.48 (1.32–1.67)], especially small HDL particles [OR 1.36 (1.22–1.53)], whereas large HDL particles had lower risk [OR 0.80 (0.71–0.90)]. Triglycerides and triglyceride-rich VLDL particles were positively associated with hypertension, with large VLDL particles associated with greater risk [OR 1.68 (1.50–1.89)]. Adding particle subclasses improved discrimination over a model with traditional lipids and risk factors (c-statistic 0.671 compared to 0.676; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In this study of initially healthy women, lipoprotein particle size and subclass concentrations were associated with incident hypertension and provided additive information to traditional lipids and risk factors.

scholarly journals Diabeteses dyslipidaemia és atherosclerosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 157 (19) ◽  
pp. 746-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Márk ◽  
Győző Dani
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Statin Therapy ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Small Dense Ldl ◽  
Target Values ◽  
Postprandial Triglyceride ◽  
Low Hdl

The incidence and the public health importance of diabetes mellitus are growing continuously. Despite the improvement observed in the latest years, the leading cause of morbidity and mortality of diabetics are cardiovascular diseases. The diagnosis of diabetes mellitus constitutes such a high risk as the known presence of vascular disease. Diabetic dyslipidaemia is characterised by high fasting and postprandial triglyceride levels, low HDL level, and slightly elevated LDL-cholesterol with domination of atherogenic small dense LDL. These are not independent components of the atherogenic dyslipidaemia, but are closely linked to each other. Beside the known harmful effects of low HDL and small dense LDL, recent findings confirmed the atherogenicity of the triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants. It has been shown that the key of this process is the overproduction and delayed clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in the liver. In this metabolism the lipoprotein lipase has a determining role; its function is accelerated by ApoA5 and attenuated by ApoC3. The null mutations of the ApoC3 results in a reduced risk of myocardial infarction, the loss-of-function mutation of ApoA5 was associated with a 60% elevation of triglyceride level and 2.2-times increased risk of myocardial infarction. In case of diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, obesity, metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease the non-HDL-cholesterol is a better marker of the risk than the LDL-cholesterol. Its value can be calculated by subtraction of HDL-cholesterol from total cholesterol. Target values of non-HDL-cholesterol can be obtained by adding 0.8 mmol/L to the LDL-cholesterol targets (this means 3.3 mmol/L in high, and 2.6 mmol/L in very high risk patients). The drugs of first choice in the treatment of diabetic dyslipidaemia are statins. Nevertheless, it is known that even if statin therapy is optimal (treated to target), a considerable residual (lipid) risk remains. For its reduction treatment of low HDL-cholesterol and high triglyceride levels is obvious by the administration of fibrates. In addition to statin therapy, fenofibrate can be recommended. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(19), 746–752.

The Effect of Biochanin A as PPAR γ agonist on LDL Particles Diameter and Type 2 Diabetic Dyslipidemia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darya Ghadimi ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Taghi Goodarzi ◽  
Mahdi Bahmani ◽  
Zohre Khajehahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Biochanin A ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Diabetic Dyslipidemia ◽  
Ldl Particles

Background and Aims: Small dense  low-density lipoproteins (sd-LDL) particles are smaller and heavier than typical LDL ones. They can penetrate into the endothelium of coronary arteries more easily because of their small size. Diabetes mellitus is accompanied by dyslipidemia such as increasing concentration of plasma very low density lipoprotein and sd-LDL. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ ) can decrease the level of sd-LDL in plasma. Biochanin A (BCA), a natural compound, is a PPARγ agonist. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of BCA on sd-LDL-Clolesterol level in diabetic animals. Materials and Methods: Adult male rats (Wistar strain) were used as the animal models in this study. Animals were made diabetic by single intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin- Nicotinamide and then treated by 1 and 5 mg/kg of BCA for 28 days. Body weight and fasting blood glucose were also tested before and at the end of treatment. Furthermore, the size of LDL particles were measured by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis assay. Results: Results of the present study indicated that BCA administration at dose of 5mg/kg decreased fasting blood glucose level and increased body weight and diameter of LDL particles in diabetic animals significantly. Conclusions: BCA seems to be an appropriate agent in diabetes mellitus, because it improves the diabetic dyslipidemia, which is the most important complication in diabetic patients.

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