Intakes of Fish and Long-chain n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplements During Pregnancy and Subsequent Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in a Large Prospective Cohort Study of Norwegian Women

OBJECTIVE To investigate associations between intakes of total fish, lean fish, fatty fish, and long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCn-3PUFA) supplements and risk of type 2 diabetes in women after pregnancy. Furthermore, to compare the estimated intakes of methylmercury (MeHg) and sum of dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) to tolerable weekly intakes (TWI). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Women free of diabetes at baseline (n=60,831) who participated in the population-based Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort study (MoBa) were prospectively evaluated for incident type 2 diabetes identified through medication usage more than 90 days after delivery ascertained by the Norwegian Prescription Database. Dietary intake data was obtained by a validated 255-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) which assessed habitual diet during the first four to five months of pregnancy. MeHg and sum of dioxins and dl-PCBs intakes were derived using a contaminant database and the FFQ. RESULTS Median (IQR) age was 31 (27, 34) years at time of delivery and follow-up time was 7.5 (6.5, 8.5) years. Type 2 diabetes occurred in 683 (1.1%) participants. Multivariable Cox regression analyses identified lower risk of type 2 diabetes with increasing energy-adjusted lean fish intake per 25 g/1000 kcal (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.53-0.95, p=0.022). However, in stratified analyses, a lower risk was found only in women with pre-pregnancy BMI ≥25 kg/m2. There were no associations between intake of total fish, fatty fish, or LCn-3PUFA supplements and type 2 diabetes. MeHg intake was low, but the sum of dioxins and dl-PCBs (pg TEQ/kg bw/wk) exceeded the TWI set by the European Food and Safety Authority (EFSA) for the majority of participants. CONCLUSIONS Intake of lean fish, but not fatty fish or LCn-3PUFA supplements, was associated with lower risk of pharmacologically treated type 2 diabetes in Norwegian women who were overweight or obese. Fatty fish, which contain dioxins and dl-PCBs, did not increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, but the exceedance of the EFSA TWI for dioxins and dl-PCBs is a health concern.

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The effects of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on AGEs and sRAGE in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1007/s13105-016-0506-4 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 72 (4) ◽

pp. 679-687 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Asuman Kurt ◽

Gülnur Andican ◽

Zeynep Oşar Siva ◽

Ahat Andican ◽

Gülden Burcak

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽

Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Supplementation ◽

Acid Supplementation ◽

Long Chain

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Investigation of the Causal Association between Long-Chain n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Synthesis and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis

Lifestyle Genomics ◽

10.1159/000509663 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 146-153

Author(s):

Michael A. Zulyniak ◽

Harriett Fuller ◽

Mark M. Iles

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽

Mendelian Randomization ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Causal Association ◽

Randomization Analysis ◽

Long Chain

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Lean Fish Intake Decreases the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Norwegian Women (P18-036-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz039.p18-036-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Jannike Øyen ◽

Lise Madsen ◽

Anne Lise Brantsæter ◽

Svetlana Ondrasova Skurtveit ◽

Grace Margrethe Egeland

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Fish Intake ◽

Fatty Fish ◽

Supplement Use ◽

Lean Fish ◽

Mother And Child

Abstract Objectives The potential impact of seafood consumption and long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3PUFA) supplement use on the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is not yet fully clarified. The aim of this large cohort study was to investigate the associations between prenatal intake of total seafood, lean fish, fatty fish and LCn-3PUFA supplement use and the risk of T2DM in women after pregnancy. Methods The study subjects (n = 60 831, median age 31 years) participates in the ongoing population-based Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort study (MoBa) initiated and maintained by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Recruitment lasted from 1999 through 2009. The MoBa database is linked to the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. For the current study we also obtained permission to link the data to the Norwegian Prescription Database for ascertainment of medications dispensed for diabetes (ATC code A10) 90 days or more after delivery. Dietary intake was obtained by a validated 255-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and assessed habitual diet during the first four to five months of pregnancy. Results During a median (IQR) follow up time of 7.5 (6.5, 8.5) years, T2DM was identified for 711 (1.2%) of the participants. Adjusted linear Cox regression analyses estimated a decreased risk of T2DM with increased lean fish intake as g/1000 kcal intake (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97, 0.99, P = 0.010). Modeling intake as quintiles, a decreased risk of T2DM was seen among those in quintiles two to five compared to the first quintile of energy adjusted lean fish intake (P for trend across quintiles = 0.002). No associations between total seafood, fatty fish, or LCn-3PUFA supplement use and pharmacologically treated T2DM were identified in adjusted models. Conclusions Intake of lean fish was associated with decreased risk of T2DM. Funding Sources The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study is supported by the Norwegian Ministry of Health and Care Services and the Ministry of Education and Research, NIH/NINDS (grant no.1 UO1 NS 047537–01 and grant no.2 UO1 NS 047537-06A1).

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