Effect of Simulated Mastication on the Surface Roughness and Wear of Machinable Ceramics and Opposing Dental Enamel

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Daryakenari ◽  
H Alaghehmand ◽  
A Bijani
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Three Body ◽  
Aided Design

SUMMARY Objective: Computer aided design-computer aided machining (CAD-CAM) ceramic crowns are replacing ceramo-metal ones due to newly developed mechanical properties and esthetics. To obtain knowledge about their interactions due to polishing and occlusal contacts with the opposing dental enamel specimen, including surface roughness and wear, the three-body wear simulation was investigated. Methods and Materials: The surface roughness (RA) and wear rate (mm) of four CAD-CAM blocks with different compositions including Vita Mark II, e.max, Suprinity, and Enamic, after two surface treatments of glazing and polishing, and their opposing enamel specimens, were investigated using a mastication simulator and atomic force microscope. Results: The roughness of all ceramic and to a greater extent enamel samples, with the exception of enamel opposing polished Enamic samples, was decreased after wear. No significant difference in wear was evident for the ceramic samples between the glazed and polished treatments. Lower wear rates were recorded only for polished Vita Mark II and polished Enamic in comparison to the glazed ones. Conclusion: The newly developed polishing systems for CAD-CAM ceramics can be good alternatives to reglazing, because the roughness and wear rate of both the ceramic and the opposing enamel will either not change or decrease.

Evaluation of Polishing Systems for CAD/CAM Polymer-Infiltrated Ceramic-Network Restorations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
CA Jurado ◽  
A Tsujimoto ◽  
H Watanabe ◽  
NG Fischer ◽  
JA Hasslen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Dental School ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
A Company

SUMMARY Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of five different polishing systems on a computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) polymer-infiltrated ceramic-network restoration with nanoscale assessment using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and visual assessment performed by dental school senior students and faculty members. Method: Forty-eight full coverage crowns were milled out of polymer-infiltrated ceramic-network CAD/CAM blocks (Vita Enamic) for polishing with one company proprietary, two ceramic and two composite polishing systems. The prepared crowns were divided into six groups: (1) no polishing (control); (2) polishing with Vita Enamic Polishing Kit (VEna); (3) polishing with Shofu Porcelain Laminate Polishing Kit (SCer); (4) polishing with Brasseler Dialite Feather lite All- Ceramic Adjusting & Polishing System (BCer); (5) polishing with Shofu Composite Polishing Kit (SCom); and (6) polishing with Brasseler Composite Polishing Kit (BCom). The polished crown surface topography was observed, and surface roughness and area were measured with AFM. In addition, polished crowns were visually assessed by 15 senior dental students and 15 dental school faculty members. Results: All polishing treatments significantly reduced the surface roughness and area of the crown compared with the control. SCom and BCom showed significantly higher surface area than VEna, and the SCer and BCer groups were intermediate, showing no significant difference from either VEna or SCom and BCom. There were no significant differences in surface roughness between any of the systems. Dental students and faculty members classified the groups polished with VEna, SCer, and BCer groups as clinically acceptable, and they selected BCer group as the best polished restorations and the control group as the least polished restorations. Conclusions: Ceramic and composite polishing systems produced similar polishing results as that observed using a company proprietary polishing system. However, effectiveness for polishing using a company proprietary and ceramic polishing system tends to be higher than composite polishing systems.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Mechanical Properties and Wear Ability of Five CAD/CAM Dental Blocks

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin ◽  
Jang ◽  
Lee ◽  
Bae
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Volume Percentage ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Aided Design

This study compares the mechanical properties and wear ability of five CAD/CAM (computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing) millable dental blocks. All the discs, including Amber Mill Hybrid, Vita Enamic, Katana Avencia, Lava Ultimate, and Amber Mill, were cut in dimensions of 1.2 mm in thickness and 12 mm in diameter, polished to a machined surface, and immersed in distilled water for seven days. Vickers hardness was measured and the indentations were observed using microscope. The discs were brushed under a 150 g load. Mean surface roughness (Ra) and topography were determined after 100,000 cycles. Finally the biaxial flexure strength of the discs was measured and the broken surfaces were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data was subjected to Weibull analysis. All data were analyzed by one-way analysis (ANOVA). The results of Vickers hardness are shown as: Amber Mill > Vita Enamic > Amber Mill Hybrid > Lava Ultimate > Katana Avencia. Katana Avencia showed the highest volume percentage reduction and the roughest surface after toothbrushing. The biaxial flexural strength is shown as: Amber Mill > Katana Avencia > Lava Ultimate > Amber Mill Hybrid > Vita Enamic. All the tested materials exhibited varying degrees of mass loss and surface roughness. The properties of the composite materials are related to the filler content, filler volume, and polymerization methods.

scholarly journals Accuracy and Precision Evaluation of International Standard Spherical Model by Digital Dental Scanners

Scanning ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Hong Xin Cai ◽  
Qi Jia ◽  
HaoYu Shi ◽  
Yujie Jiang ◽  
Jingnan Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Spherical Model ◽  
Scanning System ◽  
Sphere Model ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Fitting In ◽  
Aided Design

With the popularization of digital technology and the exposure of traditional technology’s defects, computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) has been widely used in the field of dentistry. And the accuracy of the scanning system determines the ultimate accuracy of the prosthesis, which is a very important part of CAD/CAM, so we decided to evaluate the accuracy of the intraoral and extraoral scanners. In this study, we selected the sphere model as the scanning object and obtained the final result through data analysis and 3D fitting. In terms of trueness and precision, the scanner of SHINING was significantly different from that of others; however, there was no significant difference between TRIOS and CEREC. SHINING showed the lowest level of accuracy, with CEREC slightly lower than TRIOS. The sphere model has also been proven to be scanned successfully.

Influence of Computer-aided Design/Computer-aided Manufacturing Diamond Bur Wear on Marginal Misfit of Two Lithium Disilicate Ceramic Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-425
Author(s):  
LH Raposo ◽  
PS Borella ◽  
DC Ferraz ◽  
LM Pereira ◽  
MS Prudente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Lithium Disilicate ◽  
Computer Aided Manufacturing ◽  
Diamond Bur ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Ceramic Crowns ◽  
Aided Design

Clinical Relevance Marginal misfit of monolithic lithium disilicate ceramic crowns obtained from a chairside computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing system is affected after successive millings using a single diamond bur set. This fact can be critical for the longevity of indirect restorations. SUMMARY Objectives: This laboratory study aimed to assess the effect of successive crown millings on the marginal misfit of monolithic full-ceramic restorations obtained from two lithium disilicate systems, with a single diamond bur set used for each material in a chairside computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) unit. Methods and Materials: Initially, 36 standardized composite resin dies were produced by additive manufacturing from a three-dimensional model of a right mandibular first molar with full-crown preparation generated in CAD software. Individual ceramic crowns were obtained in a chairside CAD/CAM unit (CEREC MC XL) for each composite resin die according to the ceramic system (IPS e.max CAD and Rosetta SM; n=18). Two new diamond burs were used as a set for obtaining the crowns in each experimental group (ceramic systems), and the milling periods were defined after three crown millings (T0-T6), when the diamond bur set of each system was removed for morphologic characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The marginal misfit of the crowns was assessed through coronal and sagittal micro-tomographic sectioning, in the vertical and horizontal directions of the ceramic crowns seated on their respective resin dies. The collected data were tabulated and subjected to one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's honestly significant difference test (α=0.05). Results: SEM images showed changes in the superficial morphology of the diamond bur sets, with progressive loss of the diamond granules after the successive millings of crowns for both experimental groups. Significant differences were detected in the marginal misfit of the crowns from both ceramic systems at the different milling periods (p<0.001). Conclusions: Diamond burs deteriorated after successive crown millings for both lithium disilicate ceramic systems. The marginal misfit of the crowns obtained increased with the successive use of the CAD/CAM diamond bur set employed for milling each ceramic material. In addition, new milling of full lithium disilicate ceramic crowns can be inappropriate after 11 successive millings for IPS e.max CAD and 12 for Rosetta SM, due to the increased marginal misfit observed under the parameters tested.

Differences in Radiopacity, Surface Properties, and Plaque Accumulation for CAD/CAM-Fabricated vs Conventionally Processed Polymer-based Temporary Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Nassary Zadeh ◽  
N Lümkemann ◽  
M Eichberger ◽  
B Stawarczyk ◽  
M Kollmuss
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Actinomyces Naeslundii ◽  
Gingival Health ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Aided Design

Clinical Relevance As temporary materials are often used in prosthetic dentistry, there is need to investigate their behavior in the oral environment. Parameters such as surface roughness and surface free energy correlate to the level of plaque adhesion, which can impact gingival health. SUMMARY Objective: To test computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM)-fabricated and conventionally processed polymer-based temporary materials in terms of radiopacity (RO), surface free energy (SFE), surface roughness (SR), and plaque accumulation (PA). Methods and Materials: Six temporary materials (n=10/n=10) were tested, including three CAD/CAM-fabricated (CC) materials—Art Bloc Temp (CC-ABT), Telio CAD (CC-TC), and VITA CAD Temp (CC-VCT)—and three conventionally processed (cp) materials: Integrity Multi Cure (cp-IMC), Luxatemp Automix Plus (cp-LAP), and Protemp 4 (cp-PT4). Zirconia acted as the control group (CG, n=10). RO was evaluated according to DIN EN ISO 13116. SFE was investigated using contact angle measurements. SR was measured using a profilometer. The PA tests were performed using three microorganisms: Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces naeslundii, and Veillonella parvula. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U-, Dunn-Bonferroni, Wilcoxon, Levene, and Pearson tests and one-way analysis of variance with post hoc Scheffé test (α=0.05). Results: No radiopacity was observed for any CC material or cp-PT4. CG showed the highest RO, while no differences between cp-IMC and cp-LAP were found. CG showed lower SFE compared to all polymer temporary materials, except in the case of CC-TC. cp-LAP and cp-IMC presented higher SFE than did CC-TC and CG. CC-ABT presented lower initial SR values compared to cp-PT4 and cp-LAP. For cp-LAP, a higher initial SR was measured than for all CAD/CAM materials and cp-IMC. All specimens showed a certain amount of PA after the incubation period. A naeslundii and V parvula resulted in comparable PA values, whereas the values for S mutans were lower by one log level. CAD/CAM materials showed superior results for SR, SFE, and PA, whereas all materials lacked RO.

scholarly journals Marginal Gap Evaluation of Metal Onlays and Resin Nanoceramic Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing Blocks Onlays

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 017-021
Author(s):  
Nor Faharina Abdul Hamid ◽  
Wan Zaripah Wan Bakar ◽  
Zaihan Ariffin
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Marginal Gap ◽  
Computer Aided Manufacturing ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Aided Design

Abstract Objective This study was carried out to assess and compare the marginal gap of conventionally used metal onlays and new resin nanoceramic (RNC) (Lava Ultimate block) onlays. Materials and Methods This is an in vitro study using two extracted sound human mandibular molars. One tooth was prepared to receive the metal onlays and another one for the RNC onlays which were fabricated using the computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology. Twelve metals and 12 ceramic onlays were fabricated before they were placed at their respective preparation and examined under the Leica stereomicroscope, M125C (Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany) for a marginal analysis. The gap width was measured at 10 predefined landmarks which included 3 points on the buccal and lingual surfaces each and 2 points each on the mesial and distal surfaces, respectively. Statistical Analysis Mann–Whitney post hoc test was used for statistical analysis (P ≤ 0.05). Results Overall, the RNC onlays showed significant lower marginal gap with the exception of the landmarks 5 and 6 (on distolingual) and no significant difference at landmark 7 (on midlingual). It was observed that the marginal gap were all within the clinically acceptable limit of 120 μm. Conclusions Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the RNC CAD/CAM onlays are a promising alternative to the metal onlays.

Influence of Surface Roughness on Mechanical Properties of Two Computer-aided Design/Computer-aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) Ceramic Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Flury ◽  
A Peutzfeldt ◽  
A Lussi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman Rank ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Aided Design

SUMMARY The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of surface roughness on surface hardness (Vickers; VHN), elastic modulus (EM), and flexural strength (FLS) of two computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) ceramic materials. One hundred sixty-two samples of VITABLOCS Mark II (VMII) and 162 samples of IPS Empress CAD (IPS) were ground according to six standardized protocols producing decreasing surface roughnesses (n=27/group): grinding with 1) silicon carbide (SiC) paper #80, 2) SiC paper #120, 3) SiC paper #220, 4) SiC paper #320, 5) SiC paper #500, and 6) SiC paper #1000. Surface roughness (Ra/Rz) was measured with a surface roughness meter, VHN and EM with a hardness indentation device, and FLS with a three-point bending test. To test for a correlation between surface roughness (Ra/Rz) and VHN, EM, or FLS, Spearman rank correlation coefficients were calculated. The decrease in surface roughness led to an increase in VHN from (VMII/IPS; medians) 263.7/256.5 VHN to 646.8/601.5 VHN, an increase in EM from 45.4/41.0 GPa to 66.8/58.4 GPa, and an increase in FLS from 49.5/44.3 MPa to 73.0/97.2 MPa. For both ceramic materials, Spearman rank correlation coefficients showed a strong negative correlation between surface roughness (Ra/Rz) and VHN or EM and a moderate negative correlation between Ra/Rz and FLS. In conclusion, a decrease in surface roughness generally improved the mechanical properties of the CAD/CAM ceramic materials tested. However, FLS was less influenced by surface roughness than expected.

scholarly journals Comparison of CAD-CAM and hand made sockets for PTB prostheses

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kohler ◽  
L. Lindh ◽  
P. Netz
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
University College London ◽  
Visual Analogous Scale ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Design And Manufacture ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Excellent Tool

The aim of the present study was to compare sockets for below-knee (BK) prostheses made by Computer Aided Design-Computer Aided Manufacture (CAD-CAM) to those made by hand. The patients in the study were provided with two prostheses each, which apart from the sockets, were identical. One socket, was made by the CAD-CAM technique developed at the Bioengineering Centre, Roehampton, University College London and one was made by hand at the OT-Centre, Stockholm, Sweden. The results were based on investigation of eight unilateral below-knee amputees evaluating their own sockets by Visual Analogous Scale with respect to comfort, pressure, and pain. The sockets were evaluated on seven occasions, at two tests, on delivery, after use every second day for six days and every second week for two weeks. All CAD-CAM sockets except one had to be changed once as compared to the hand made of which only two had to be changed. As to comfort it could not be demonstrated that there was any significant difference between the two types of sockets and both types were well accepted by all patients. Differences in pressure and pain were rarely reported. There were obvious differences between the two types of socket with respect to height, width, and inner surface configuration. The authors feel that CAD-CAM will in the near future be an excellent tool for design and manufacture of prosthetic sockets.

scholarly journals Surface roughness and color measurements of glazed or polished hybrid, feldspathic, and Zirconia CAD/CAM restorative materials after hot and cold coffee immersion

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lujain I. Aldosari ◽  
Abdulkhaliq A. Alshadidi ◽  
Amit Porwal ◽  
Nasser M. Al Ahmari ◽  
Mohammed M. Al Moaleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Hybrid Resin ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Bonferroni Test

Abstract Background The purpose of this study evaluates and compares the effect of surface roughness (Ra) and color stability on computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) hybrid resin (Vita Enamic), feldspathic (Vitablocs® Mark II), and lithium disilicate Zirconia (Vita Suprinity) glazed or polished ceramics immersed in hot Arabic Qahwa and cold coffee. Methods A total of 96 standardized samples were prepared from CAD/CAM restorative materials. Half of the samples were polished as per the manufacturer’s instructions using a porcelain polishing kit, and the other half were glazed. Samples were distributed and immersed in hot Arabian Qahwa and cold coffee followed by thermocycling. Ra measurements and color changes were conducted before and after immersion. SEM images were captured from each type of glazed or polished ceramic. One-way ANOVA paired Student’s t-test, and Bonferroni test were conducted to detect significant difference between the groups. P > 0.05 was a significant level. Results Of all the tested samples, Ra increased without any significant difference; however, mean color changes (ΔE*) showed significant differences. An increase in Ra was noted for all the glazed and polished samples after immersion and thermocycling. However, differences were significant only in VM II. In addition, ΔE* was significant only in Vita Suprinity (VS) samples. For immersion groups, significant Ra changes were noticed in glazed samples, only in Vita Enamic (VE) with no ΔE*. In polished samples, mean Ra changes were observed in VM II and VS samples. Significant differences were also noticed in polished VE and VS subgroups of ΔE*. Conclusions Ra affects all the tested samples, providing higher values on the polished specimens. The ΔE* caused by hot Arabic Qahwa and cold coffee on glazed or polished CAD/CAM restorative materials were clinically acceptable.

scholarly journals Analysis of the marginal adaptation of different crowns fabricated with computer-aided technology using an intraoral digital scanner

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. e200537
Author(s):  
Roniel Kapler ◽  
Michelle Villa Oliveira ◽  
Ingrid de Oliveira Bandeira ◽  
Thayara Coelho Metzker ◽  
Adriana Oliveira Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Lithium Disilicate ◽  
Marginal Adaptation ◽  
Marginal Gap ◽  
Second Molar ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Aided Design

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the marginal adaptation of ceramic and composite resin crowns fabricated with computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology using an intraoral digital scanner. Methods: A human mandibular right second molar was prepared for a ceramic crown. The impressions were made using intraoral scanning device and crowns were milled. Tem crowns were fabricated for each group (n=10): GF – Feldspathic Ceramic (Cerec Blocs, Sirona), GL - Lithium Disilicate Ceramic (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar), GG - composite resin (Grandio Blocs, VOCO) and GB - composite resin (Brava Block, FGM). The marginal gap was measured for each specimen at 4 points under magnification with a stereomicroscope. All data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey’s test (α=.05). Results: The lowest marginal discrepancy value was observed in GB (60.95 ± 13.64 μm), which was statistically different from the GL (84.22 ± 20.86 μm). However, there was no statistically significant difference between these groups when compared with the other groups, GF (73.26 ±8.19 μm) and GG (68.42 ± 11.31 μm). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the composite resin presented the lowest variance compared to the lithium disilicate glass ceramic, although the marginal gap of all materials tested was within the acceptable clinical limit (120 μm).

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