scholarly journals Dexmedetomidine Increases the Latency of Thermal Antinociception in Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 230-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukako Tsutsui ◽  
Katsuhisa Sunada
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pain ◽  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Plantar Surface ◽  
Withdrawal Latency ◽  
Anesthetic Effect ◽  
Plantar Region

Recent reports have stated that dexmedetomidine (DEX), an α2-adrenoreceptor agonist, enhances the local anesthetic effects of ropivacaine and prolongs its effective duration. However, little is known about the effect of a combination of DEX and lidocaine on anesthetic duration. Therefore, we investigated whether DEX can prolong the local anesthetic effect of lidocaine, using the thermal paw withdrawal test in Wistar rats in order to measure local anesthetic duration. We subcutaneously injected 50 μL of either normal saline, 2% lidocaine, a combination of 0.5 μg/kg DEX and 2% lidocaine, or a combination of 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine into the plantar surface of the left hind paw of the rats. The plantar region was stimulated using heat. We measured the perceived acute pain according to paw movement in response to stimulation. We found DEX significantly prolonged the paw withdrawal latency of lidocaine. Moreover, we found that DEX can prolong the local anesthetic duration of lidocaine as much as 1:80,000 epinephrine, up to 35 minutes after injection. In conclusion, this study concluded that a combination of DEX and lidocaine may be useful as a local anesthetic, similar to a combination of epinephrine and lidocaine, for short procedures.

Local anesthetic effect of intrathecal normal saline

Pain ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno J. Urban ◽  
Carey W. McKain
Keyword(s):  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Anesthetic Effect

scholarly journals Adding Dexmedetomidine to Articaine Increases the Latency of Thermal Antinociception in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Yukako Tsutsui ◽  
Katsuhisa Sunada
Keyword(s):  
Local Anesthesia ◽  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Plantar Surface ◽  
Withdrawal Latency ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Low Toxicity

Articaine is a low-toxicity local anesthetic that is widely used in dentistry. Typically, epinephrine is added to prolong the duration of articaine local anesthesia; however, epinephrine exhibits adverse effects. Low-dose dexmedetomidine (DEX), an α2-adrenoreceptor agonist, reportedly prolongs local anesthesia without notable adverse cardiovascular effects. The purpose of this study was to assess whether a combination of low-dose DEX and articaine would provide a low-toxicity local anesthetic option for dental procedures without adverse cardiovascular effects. Thus, this study investigated whether DEX could prolong the local anesthetic effect of articaine using a rat model of pain. Adult male Wistar rats (N = 44; 11 per group) received a 50-μL subcutaneous injection into the plantar surface of the hind paws; injections were composed of either normal saline, 4% articaine (2 mg articaine), combined 5 μg/kg DEX and 4% articaine (1.25 μg DEX + 2 mg articaine), or combined epinephrine (1:100,000) and 4% articaine (0.9 μg epinephrine + 2 mg articaine). Subsequent acute pain perception was determined by paw withdrawal movement in response to infrared radiant heat stimulation of the plantar region. Paw withdrawal latency was tested at 5-minute intervals. Paw withdrawal latency values at 35 and 40 minutes were 3.83 ± 1.76 and 3.29 ± 1.43 seconds for articaine alone, 7.89 ± 2.72 and 7.25 ± 3.37 seconds for DEX and articaine, and 8.95 ± 2.28 and 8.17 ± 3.01 seconds for epinephrine and articaine. DEX prolonged the paw withdrawal latency of articaine for up to 35 minutes (p = .015) but not 40 minutes after injection (p = .052) when compared to articaine alone. The combination of DEX and articaine can provide effective local anesthesia for up to 35 minutes after injection.

Intrathecal normal saline without preservative does not have a local anesthetic effect

Pain ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Teeple ◽  
Dianne L. Scott ◽  
Jawahar N. Ghia
Keyword(s):  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Anesthetic Effect

Local Anesthetic Effect of Intrathecal Normal Saline

1979 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
B. J. URBAN ◽  
C. W. McKAIN
Keyword(s):  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Anesthetic Effect

scholarly journals Local Anesthetic Delivered with a Dual Action Ring and Injection Applicator Reduces the Acute Pain Response of Lambs during Tail Docking

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2242
Author(s):  
Alison Small ◽  
Danila Marini ◽  
Ian Colditz
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pain ◽  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Tail Docking ◽  
Function Ring ◽  
Dual Action ◽  
Abnormal Behaviors ◽  
Control Sham

Docking the tail of lambs is a standard husbandry procedure and is achieved through several techniques including clamps, hot or cold knives and latex rings, the last of which is the most popular. All tail docking methods cause acute pain which can be reduced by application of local anesthetic, however precise anatomical injection for optimal efficacy requires considerable skill. This pen trial evaluated the ability of local anesthetic (LA) delivered with a dual function ring applicator/injector to alleviate acute tail docking pain. Thirty ewe lambs were assigned to one of three treatment groups (n = 10 per group): ring plus local anesthetic (Ring LA), ring only (Ring) and sham handled control (Sham). Lambs were videoed and their behavior categorized every five minutes for the first hour and every 10 min for the subsequent two hours after treatment. There was a significant effect (p < 0.001) of treatment on total active pain related behaviors in the first hour, with Ring lambs showing higher counts compared to Ring LA or Sham. Ring lambs also displayed a significantly higher count of combined abnormal postures (p < 0.001) than Ring LA or Sham lambs. Delivery of 1.5 mL of 2% lignocaine via the dual action device abolished abnormal behaviors and signs of pain in Ring LA lambs. However, lambs in the Ring LA group spent less time attempting to suckle compared to Ring and Sham lambs, suggesting that some residual discomfort remained.

Ascorbic acid improves extrapyramidal syndromes and corpus striatal degeneration induced by dopamine-2 receptor inhibition in Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirajo U. Mujittapha ◽  
Murtala Kauthar ◽  
Ishola O. Azeez ◽  
John C. Oyem
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Corpus Striatum ◽  
Extrapyramidal Symptoms ◽  
Motor Deficit ◽  
Cylinder Test ◽  
Extrapyramidal Syndromes ◽  
Dopamine 2 Receptor ◽  
Inhibition Group

AbstractObjectivesThe prolonged uses of fourth-generation antipsychotics have been implicated in inducing extrapyramidal syndromes characterized by the motor deficit. This was attributed to the loss of dopamine-2 receptor (D2R) signaling. However, ascorbic acid (SVCT2R stimulation) in the brain is proposed to modulate D2R activity. We, therefore, investigated the beneficial roles of ascorbic acid in improving the extrapyramidal symptoms seen in D2R loss.MethodsTwenty adult male Wistar rats of average weight 200 g were distributed randomly into four groups. The control (NS) received normal saline for 28 days, Untreated D2R inhibition group (−D2R) received normal saline for seven days and then subsequently received chlorpromazine for 21 days, D2R inhibition group treated with ascorbic acid (−D2R+SVCT2R) received chlorpromazine for 21 days and was subsequently treated with ascorbate for seven days while the withdrawal group (WG) received chlorpromazine for 21 days and subsequently received normal saline for seven days. Motor deficits were assessed using a rotarod and cylinder test. The corpus striatum was harvested, processed, and stained using H&E and Nissl stains. Cellular density was analyzed using Image J software 1.8.0.ResultsMotor deficit was observed in −D2R animals administered chlorpromazine with less improvement in WG compared to control (p<0.05) in both rotarod and cylinder test. Ascorbic acid (SVCT2R stimulation) significantly (p<0.001) improved the latency of fall and climbing attempts observed in −D2R animals. The density of basophilic trigoid bodies was significantly (p<0.001) restored in −D2R+SVCT2R group, suggesting recovery of neural activity in the corpus striatum. Moreover, the hallmarks of neuronal degeneration were less expressed in the ascorbic acid treatment groups.ConclusionsAscorbic acid putatively ameliorates extrapyramidal symptoms observed in D2R blockage by chlorpromazine in Wistar rats.

Ropivacaine magnetic nanoparticles: An efficient local anesthetic nerve conduction blocker

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1819-1825
Author(s):  
Junying Su ◽  
Xiaohu Chen ◽  
Huizhang Liu ◽  
Yuhui Luo
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Postoperative Analgesia ◽  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Nociceptive Pain ◽  
Nerve Blocks ◽  
Anesthetic Effect ◽  
Field Of Vision ◽  
Clinical Anesthesia ◽  
The Stability

Ropivacaine (Rop) is one of the commonly used local nerve blocks in clinical anesthesia and postoperative analgesia and it inhibits the stimulation of peripheral nociceptive pain. However, Rop alone is not effective enough to exert a controllable anesthetic effect in patients with peripheral nociceptive pain. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve the targeting of the local anesthetic effect of Rop and reduce its potential chronic or acute toxicity. In this study, a novel Rop nanocomposite hydrogel drug, N-isopropylacrylamide-methacrylic acid/ropivacaine magnetic nanoparticles (NIP-MAA/Rop MNPs), was constructed on magnetic iron oxide. The unique pH and temperature response of NIP-MAA can effectively retain magnetic properties, improve the stability and targeting controllability of magnetic nanoparticles, and avoid excessive drug diffusion. Therefore, the NIP-MAA/Rop MNPs is expected to open a new field of vision for the research of clinical anesthesia and postoperative analgesia.

Cesarean section incisional infiltration with lidocaine and Epinephrine versus Lidocaine alone in reducing postoperative pain. A randomized controlled double-blinded clinical trial

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazem F El-Shahawy ◽  
Sherif F El-Mekkawi ◽  
. Haitham F Mohmmed ◽  
Hend M Afifi
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Local Anesthesia ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
Elective Caesarean Section ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cesarean Section Delivery ◽  
Anesthetic Effect

Abstract Background Cesarean section delivery is becoming more frequent. Childbirth is an emotion-filled event and the mother needs to bond with her newborn baby as early as possible. Any intervention that leads to improvement in pain relief is worthy of investigation Aim of the Work to assess the efficacy and safety adding ef Epinephrine to lidocaine 2% in dose-related manner 1:200.000 in prolongation of anesthetic effect of lidocaine as a local anesthetic to reduce post; caesarean section pain after general anesthesia. Patients and Methods A total number of 200 women planned for elective caesarean section at Shams University Maternity Hospital Was recruited, 2 groups were randomized with a study group included 100 women received lidocaine 2% and epinephrine in dose-related manner and a control group included 100 women received lidocaine 2% only. Results women who received lidocaine and epinephrine were more satisfied and hadsignificant more time after caesarean section free of pain in comparison to women who received lidocaine only by 120 minutes. Also. adding Of epinephrine helped in decrease in amount of analgesic consumption after caesarean section. Women who received lidocaine and epinephrine started breast feeding and mobilization earlier than women who received lidocaine only. Epinephrine prolonged the action of lidocaine as a local anesthetic, this prolongation of action of local anesthetic had a significant effect in early mobilization and breast feeding and decrease in cost of analgesics. Nobody in our candidate had a post-operative infection, past operative pyrexia, Allergic reactions tar general anesthesia or complications with local anesthesia. Conclusion Adding of epinephrine to local anesthetics (such as lidocaine 2% in dose-related manner 1:200.0000) prolonged anesthetic effect by more than double of its original anesthetic time, This prolongation on anesthetic effect of local anesthesia by epinephrine helps in eariy mobilization; early breast feeding and less hospital duration stays. No complications (local nor systemic) developed with local infiltration of post-caesarean section incision with lidocaine 2% even aficr adding epinephrine in dose-related manner 1:200.000

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