Cardiovascular benefits for the general population of combined aerobic-resistance exercise training are well-known, but the impact of this exercise training modality on the plasma lipid, inflammatory, and antioxidant status in elderly women that are exposed to a great risk of developing ischemic cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases has not been well investigated. So, we aimed to evaluate the plasma lipids, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokines in 27 elderly women (TRAINED group, 69.1±8.1 yrs) that were performing moderate intensity combined aerobic-resistance exercise training (3 times/week for at least 18 months) and in 27 sedentary elderly women (SED group, 72.0±6.4 yrs), not submitted to exercise training for at least 5 yrs. Our results showed that BMI was lower in the TRAINED group than in the SED group (25.1±3.2 vs. 28.7±5.1, p<0.05). The TRAINED group had lower glycemia (92±3 vs. 118±12, p<0.05), glycated hemoglobin (5.9±0.1 vs. 6.4±0.2, p<0.05), and triglycerides (98 (75-122) vs. 139 (109-214), p<0.01); equal total cholesterol (199 (175-230) vs. 194 (165-220)), LDL-cholesterol (108 (83-133) vs. 109 (98-136)), and non-HDL-cholesterol (54 (30-74) vs. 62 (26-80)); and also higher HDL-cholesterol (64 (52-77) vs. 52 (44-63), p<0.01) and LDL-C/oxLDL ratio (13378±2570 vs. 11639±3113, p<0.05) compared to the SED group. Proinflammatory cytokines as IL-1β (11.31±2.4 vs. 28.01±4.7, p<0.05), IL-6 (26.25±7.4 vs. 49.41±17.8, p<0.05), and TNF-α (25.72±2.8 vs. 51.73±4.2, p<0.05) were lower in the TRAINED group than in the SED group. The TRAINED group had lower total peroxides (26.3±7.4 vs. 49.0±17.8, p<0.05) and oxidized LDL (1551±50.33 vs. 1773±74, p<0.02) and higher total antioxidant capacity (26.25±7.4 vs. 49.41±17.8, p<0.001) compared to the SED group. In conclusion, in TRAINED women, BMI was lower, plasma lipid profile was better, plasma oxidative stress was diminished, and there was less expression of proinflammatory interleukins than in SED, suggesting that combined aerobic-resistance exercise training may promote the protection against the complications of ischemic cardio- and cerebrovascular disease in elderly women.
High Intensity Resistance Exercise Training to Improve Body Composition and Strength in Older Men With Osteosarcopenia. Results of the Randomized Controlled Franconian Osteopenia and Sarcopenia Trial (FrOST)
