scholarly journals Asian Countries and Arctic Shipping: Policies, Interests and Footprints on Governance

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (0) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arild Moe ◽  
Olav Schram Stokke
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Political Risks ◽  
State Involvement ◽  
Arctic Sea ◽  
Arctic Shipping ◽  
Policy Statements ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Arctic Policy

Most studies of Asian state involvement in Arctic affairs assume that shorter sea-lanes to Europe are a major driver of interest, so this article begins by examining the prominence of shipping concerns in Arctic policy statements made by major Asian states. Using a bottom-up approach, we consider the advantages of Arctic sea routes over the Suez and Panama alternatives in light of the political, bureaucratic and economic conditions surrounding shipping and shipbuilding in China, Japan and the Republic of Korea. Especially Japanese and Korean policy documents indicate soberness rather than optimism concerning Arctic sea routes, noting the remaining limitations and the need for in-depth feasibility studies. That policymakers show greater caution than analysts, links in with our second finding: in Japan and Korea, maritime-sector bureaucracies responsible for industries with Arctic experience have been closely involved in policy development, more so than in China. Thirdly, we find a clear tendency towards rising industry-level caution and restraint in all three countries, reflecting financial difficulties in several major companies as well as growing sensitivity to the economic and political risks associated with the Arctic routes. Finally, our examination of bilateral and multilateral Chinese, Japanese and Korean diplomatic activity concerning Arctic shipping exhibits a lower profile than indicated by earlier studies. Responsible Editor: Øyvind Ravna, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway

scholarly journals The Specifics of the Partnership between Russia and the Republic of Korea in the Economic Development of the Arctic

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Ya. V. Leksyutina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Arctic Council ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Northern Sea Route ◽  
Policy Statements ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Arctic Policy

Since 2013, when the Republic of Korea (ROK) was admitted in the Arctic Council as an observer and issued its first Arctic policy, Seoul has strengthened its engagement in the Arctic and revealed its strong interest in expanding the economic cooperation in the Arctic with Russia. Seeing Arctic cooperation as mutually beneficial and further advancing the bilateral relations, Russia and the ROK have made a number of policy statements on their intentions to develop cooperation in the Arctic. This paper reveals the specifics and current scale of Russia’s cooperation with the ROK in the development of the resource base of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and the Northern Sea Route.

Regional Aspects of the Arctic Ice Silk Road

2019 ◽  
pp. 370-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Xiuhua
Keyword(s):  
Northeast Asia ◽  
White Paper ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Heilongjiang Province ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Arctic Shipping ◽  
Arctic Ice ◽  
Arctic Policy ◽  
Principal Lines

A recently released white paper on the Arctic policy emphasized the principal lines of China's activities in the Arctic, particularly development of resources, fishing and tourism, Arctic shipping routes, infrastructure, navigation security, scientific research, and environmental protection. Such priorities are in the best interest of China's strategy of the unified regional development and new architectonics of the extensive exploration of the potential of China's Northern provinces. Being the northernmost region of the country, Heilongjiang province has an opportunity to become China's outpost for the implementation of the national Arctic policy. This chapter assesses the challenges and perspectives of turning Heilongjiang province into a transport and logistics hub between Northeast Asia, Europe, and North America by China's participation in the development of the Arctic Blue Economic Corridor. The author elaborates an idea of the establishment of the Arctic Research and Industrial Cluster based on the scientific, technological, and industrial facilities of Heilongjiang province.

scholarly journals The Arctic policy of the Republic of Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
pp. 012011
Author(s):  
E E Krasnozhenova ◽  
S V Kulik ◽  
T Chistalyova ◽  
K Yu Eidemiller ◽  
P L Karabushenko
Keyword(s):  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Arctic Policy

‘Himadri’ and the Global Politics of Melting Ice: India’s Arctic Presence and the March Towards Global Governance

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 649-667
Author(s):  
Anuradha Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Global Governance ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Council ◽  
Governance Model ◽  
Arctic Sea ◽  
Political Impact ◽  
Antarctic Treaty ◽  
Arctic Policy ◽  
The Antarctic

Abstract The Arctic is witnessing major changes due to the melting and thinning of Arctic sea ice. This phenomenon resulted in exposure of hidden natural resources and opening of new navigational routes. The future would witness circumpolar states benefitting from these changes. However, it seems that non-circumpolar states would also be interested in participation and reaping benefits from the development process. Hence, they make their presence felt in the Arctic, through various activities which has geo-political impact. In this light, the article focuses on one of the non – circumpolar countries, India and its perspective stance. The article deliberates on the ramification of melting ice and the present Arctic system through the Arctic Council, the Svalbard treaty and an analysis of the Antarctic treaty system. The article concludes by proposing a perceived Arctic policy for India and a global governance model. The attempt is governance should focus on pan- Arctic issues rather than regional ones. Furthermore, it should encompass interests/rights of vested states, legal entities and other interested parties.

Simulations of shipping along Arctic routes: comparison, analysis and economic perspectives

Polar Record ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Lasserre
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Comparison Analysis ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Arctic Sea ◽  
Arctic Shipping ◽  
Economic Perspectives

ABSTRACTArctic sea routes have for long been of interest for shipping because of much shorter distances between the Atlantic and the Pacific. Sea ice prevented real development of significant traffic, but did not prevent research from trying to assess their economic viability. With the melting of sea ice in the Arctic, this effort at modeling the profitability of Arctic shipping routes has received a new impetus. However, the conclusions of these studies vary widely, depending on the parameters chosen and their value. What can be said of these models, from 1991 until 2013, and to what extent can a model be drawn, capitalising on twenty years of simulations?

Going North

2019 ◽  
pp. 133-161
Author(s):  
Gao Tianming
Keyword(s):  
Transport Network ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Polar Transport ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Arctic Shipping ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Arctic Policy

When China announced its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), most of the attention focused on the joint building of transportation infrastructure across the Eurasian landmass and the Indian Ocean. However, with the release of the Arctic Policy in 2018, China incorporated the Arctic shipping lanes into the BRI transport network. Development of shipping in polar waters requires collaboration with Arctic countries. This chapter discusses the challenges China faces in exploring new maritime ways in the Arctic and collaborating with Russia in the development of the Arctic Blue Economic Corridor. The investment projects in the Arctic are considered in the format of eight development zones located in the polar regions along Russian part of the Northern Sea Route. The author concludes that Arctic shipping lanes have a great potential to be efficiently incorporated into the BRI transport network. However, there are many specific technological and economic challenges to be considered and met before polar transport routes may become any viable alternatives to southern maritime routes used by China.

Arctic Policy in the European Union

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Njord Wegge ◽  
Cristina-Elena Merticaru
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
System Level ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Union Policy ◽  
Arctic Council ◽  
Arctic Policy ◽  
The Eu

The EU’s Arctic policy process represents and exemplifies a process of foreign-policy formation where forces from the Union’s internal dimension, involving tensions between member-state and community-level interests, have interplayed with influences from external actors and impacts from the system level in global politics. Going back to challenges with its relationship to Greenland, following the Kingdom of Denmark joining the EU in 1973, the Union’s Arctic relations have often been complex and challenging. The difficulties have ranged from the need to acquire better knowledge of the geographic and cultural properties of the Arctic, understanding the role of indigenous lifestyles and cultures; to comprehending the dynamics within and the roles of key regimes in the region, such as United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the Arctic Council. After a decade of gradual policy development, it appears that the EU, with the European Parliament’s resolution of March 16, 2017, on an “Integrated European Union Policy for the Arctic,” has achieved striking a more appropriate balance between the role as passive observer and as proactive actor in the High North.

Goals and Objectives of the State Policy of the Republic of Korea in the Arctic

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
H.-K. Seo ◽  
J.-K. Pak ◽  
I. Chistov
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
General Plan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Arctic Policy ◽  
The Arctic Region

The article compares the provisions of normative documents that determine the Arctic policy of Korea and the results of a survey by Korean experts dealing with Arctic issues. The presented study examines the issues of transforming the priorities of the ROK state policy in the Arctic and promising areas of Seoul’s activity in the Arctic region. An analysis of the main regulatory documents that determine the priorities of the Republic of Korea in the Arctic (the Arctic Policy Basic Plan for 2013–2017 and the Arctic Development Basic Plan for 2018–2022) demonstrates the growing importance of economic cooperation in the Arctic as a priority for Korean policy. The results of the expert survey conducted as part of the study demonstrate that the Korean expert community considers environmental protection and response to climate change a paramount for the country’s policy in the Arctic region. According to the study, the experts have chosen the following most important tasks in the Arctic: “responding to climate change and forecasting climate change”; “protection of the marine environment and biological resources”; “conservation of ecosystems”; “the introduction and development of polar scientific research”; “expansion of polar research and monitoring infrastructure”. The survey results indicate that the key direction of the Arctic policy for the Republic of Korea, is the development of international relations within the framework of the Arctic Council, the main subject of which is scientific research in the field of climate and ecology. Thus, despite the priorities formulated in the General Plan for the Development of Arctic Activities for 2018–2022, Arctic experts consider the establishment of international partnerships to be a more important task than the participation of Korean business in Arctic projects and the creation of Arctic infrastructure. Acknowledgements. This article has been supported by the Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI) (PE19460).

scholarly journals Norge og EU – partnere i Arktis

Nordlit ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Njord Wegge
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Common Market ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Council ◽  
Cooperative Approach ◽  
Arctic State ◽  
The Common ◽  
Arctic Policy ◽  
The Eu

This article raises three main questions: (i) What characterizes the EEC/EU's relationship to the Arctic? (ii) What issues/areas have caused problems for the EU in becoming a more relevant actor in the Arctic? (iii) To what degree has Norway been able to exert influence on the Union's ongoing Arctic policy development? By chronologically reviewing the EEC/EU's relationship to the Arctic the article demonstrates that the intensity and interest for the Northern region has varied dramatically from great interest to near ignorance. While the Greenlandic population in 1982, due to cultural and economic disputes, left the EEC, the Union's most recent challenges with respect to becoming a relevant actor in the Arctic has concerned disagreements with some of the Arctic states. These disputes have primarily included discord on 1. The Law of the seas' role in the Arctic, 2. the EU's desire to become a permanent observer in the Arctic Council and finally, 3. The EU's ban on seal products in the Common market. The article concludes by describing how Norway has been one, if not the most, important Arctic state for the Union, and that Norway has benefitted from a cooperative approach towards the EU. The cooperative approach has indirectly given Norway an opportunity to influence the outcome of the EU's Arctic policy.

Light Railways as the Basic for Transport Infrastructure Development in Northern Territories of Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
P.I. Tarasov
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Northern Territories ◽  
Mode Of Transport

Research objective: studies of economic and transport infrastructure development in the Arctic and Northern Territories of Russia. Research methodology: analysis of transport infrastructure in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the types of railways used in Russia. Results: economic development of any region is proportional to the development of the road transport infrastructure and logistics. When a conventional railway is operated in the Arctic conditions, it is not always possible to maintain a cargo turnover that would ensure its efficient use, and transshipment from one mode of transport to another is very problematic. A new type of railway is proposed, i.e. a light railway. Conclusions: the proposed new type of transport offers all the main advantages of narrow gauge railroads (high speed of construction, efficiency, etc.) and helps to eliminate their main disadvantage, i.e. the need for transloading when moving from a narrow gauge to the conventional one with the width of 1520 mm, along with a significant reduction in capital costs.

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