scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMAPARAN SINAR GAMMA ISOTOP COBALT-60 DOSIS 0,25–1 kGy TERHADAP DAYA ANTAGONISTIK Trichoderma harzianum PADA Fusarium oxysporum

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyo Wahyudi ◽  
Untung Suwahyono ◽  
Harsoyo Harsoyo ◽  
Aris Mumpuni ◽  
Dwi Wahyuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Enzymatic Function ◽  
Mycoparasitic Fungus

Trichoderma harzianum is a well-known mycoparasitic fungus that has been used as biocontrol agent of many phytopathogenic fungi. One of the effort to improve the ability of wild strain of T. harzianum in its antagonistic activity is by exposed them in gamma ray iradiation. In this experiment wild strain of T. harzianum iradiated gamma ray of Cobalt-60 (0.25 kGy, 0.5 kGy, 0.75 kGy, and 1 kGy), then assess the effect of the iradiation on its growth, the antagonistic activity and chitinase activity toward Fusarium oxysporum. Results showed that iradiation of gamma ray 0.25–1 kGy has no effect on the growth of T. harzianum and its antagonistic activity, but it significantly influence the chitinase activity. Probably the fungi have repaired the damage of DNA caused by iradiation, so that the growth and even the enzymatic function has no longer affected.

scholarly journals Cladobotryum mycophilum as Potential Biocontrol Agent

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 891
Author(s):  
Mila Santos ◽  
Fernando Diánez ◽  
Alejandro Moreno-Gavíra ◽  
Brenda Sánchez-Montesinos ◽  
Francisco J. Gea
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Potential Biocontrol Agent

A study was conducted to explore the efficacy of potential biocontrol agent Cladobotryum mycophilum against different phytopathogenic fungi. The growth rates of 24 isolates of C. mycophilum were determined, and their antagonistic activity was analysed in vitro and in vivo against Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum, Fusarium solani, Phytophthora parasitica, Phytophthora capsici, Pythium aphanidermatum and Mycosphaerella melonis. Most isolates grow rapidly, reaching the opposite end of the Petri dish within 72–96 h. Under dual-culture assays, C. mycophilum showed antagonistic activity in vitro against all phytopathogenic fungi tested, with mycelial growth inhibition ranging from 30 to 90% against all the different phytopathogens tested. Similarly, of all the selected isolates, CL60A, CL17A and CL18A significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the disease incidence and severity in the plant assays compared to the controls for the different pathosystems studied. Based on these results, we conclude that C. mycophilum can be considered as a potential biological control agent in agriculture. This is the first study of Cladobotryum mycophilum as a biological control agent for different diseases caused by highly relevant phytopathogens in horticulture.

scholarly journals Chitinolytic and Antagonistic Activity of Streptomyces Isolated from Fadama Soil against Phytopathogenic Fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Aminu Argungu Umar ◽  
Aminu Bandam Hussaini ◽  
Jibril Yahayya ◽  
Ibrahim Sani ◽  
Habiba Aminu
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Extracellular Enzyme ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Chitinase Production

Chitinases which degrade chitin have attracted attention as biological antifungal agents. The purpose of this study is to isolate Streptomyces from Fadama soil and assess its chitinolytic and antagonist potential against phytopathogenic fungi for application as biocontrol agent. Streptomyces were isolated from Fadama soil. The selected isolate CT02 exhibited chitinolytic characteristics. Chitinase production was performed under different temperatures, pH and varying incubation period. The highest chitinase production by CT02 isolate was observed after five days of cultivation. The highest chitinase activity was observed at 35°C and pH 7. The crude extracellular enzyme exhibited a specific activity of 4.20 U/μg whereas partially purified extracellular enzyme exhibited a specific activity of 6.19 U/μg with purification fold of 1.47. The selected isolate CT02 and its extracellular crude chitinase showed in vitro antifungal antagonist potential by inhibiting the growth of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae. This indicates that Streptomyces derived chitinases are potential biocontrol agents against phytopathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals The biological activity of subspecies Trichoderma harzianum against Fusarium oxysporum, the causative agent of fusarium wilt cucumber in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 00021
Author(s):  
Ninel Pavlovskaya ◽  
Irina Gneusheva ◽  
Irina Solokhina ◽  
Natalya Ageeva
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Lytic Enzymes ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Phytopathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Trichoderma Lixii

The study of the effect of the strains of the fungus Trichoderma: Trichoderma atrobrunneum VKPM F-1434, Trichoderma harzianum 5/14, Trichoderma Lixii T4/14 on the number of micromycetes populations of the pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum isolate B/14, Fusarium oxysporum isolate MOS509, Fysarium oxysporum isolate IMI58289 in vitro. It was found that the Trichoderma atrobrunneum fungus strain VKPM F-1434 showed the highest degree of inhibition on 10 days of cultivation with phytopathogenic microorganisms, which was 100 %. The study revealed that all Trichoderma species are capable of producing lytic enzymes. Trichoderma atrobrunneum strain VKPM F-1434 exhibits strong lipase and chitinase activity and average proteinase activity. In addition, Trichoderma atrobrunneum strain VKPM F-1434 has a growth-promoting ability, which was reflected in the germination of seeds of cucumber “German F1”. The maximum values of indicators of germination energy were noted – 98.4 % and germination – 100 %.

scholarly journals Chromatographic profiles of antifungal exo- and endometabolites of Bacillus velezensis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2(26) ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
T.M. Sidorova ◽  
◽  
A.M. Asaturova ◽  
V.V. Allakhverdyan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Fungicidal Action ◽  
Antifungal Metabolites ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Tlc Analysis

The antifungal activity of the Bacillus bacteria is based on their ability to produce metabolites. Therefore, when selecting a strain that produces an effective biofungicide, it is necessary to assess the metabolism of bacteria. The aim of this work is to isolate exo- and endometabolites of the promising B. velezensis BZR 336g and B. velezensis BZR 517 strains and assess their antifungal activity. Studies were carried out in 2020–2021. The object of the study is a liquid culture of the B. velezensis BZR 336g and B. velezensis BZR 517 strains. Methods of liquid extraction, ascending thin layer chromatography (TLC), bioautography with a test-culture of Fusarium oxysporum var. orthoceras and Alternaria sp. fungi were used to analyze metabolites. The ability of the strains to accumulate a complex of active metabolites showing antifungal effect from fungistatic to fungicidal action was revealed. On the bioautogram of exometabolites, we found two most pronounced zones (Rf 0.18 and 0.29) of Fusarium oxysporum var. orthoceras BZR P1 growth inhibition (fungicide). Zones with Rf 0.58 for B. velezensis BZR 336g and Rf 0.70 for B. velezensis BZR 517 correspond to the test fungus growth retardation (fungistatic). Significant suppression of Alternaria sp. BZR P8 growth was also observed in two zones (Rf 0.18 and 0.29). The use of surfactin, iturin A, fengycin (Sigma-Aldrich®) in the TLC analysis made it possible to detect similar lipopeptides in the composition of metabolite complexes produced by the studied bacteria. It should be noted that the studied strains differed both in their ability to produce metabolites of different structure (can be found when analyzing chromatograms under ultraviolet light) and in their effect on phytopathogenic fungi in vitro. This may indicate possible differences in the mechanism of antagonistic activity of bacteria against phytopathogenic fungi. Thus, B. velezensis BZR 336g and B. velezensis BZR 517 produce a significant set of antifungal metabolites and can be used as strains to produce effective biofungicides.

scholarly journals Increased Antifungal Activity of Trichoderma harzianum Transformants That Overexpress a 33-kDa Chitinase

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Carmen Limón ◽  
José A. Pintor-Toro ◽  
Tahía Benítez
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Southern Blotting ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Restriction Pattern ◽  
Constitutive Promoter ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Amds Gene ◽  
Culture Supernatants

Transformants of the biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum strain CECT 2413 that overexpressed a 33-kDa chitinase (Chit33) were obtained and characterized. Strain CECT 2413 was cotransformed with the amdS gene and its own chit33 gene under the control of the pki constitutive promoter from T. reesei. Southern blotting indicated that the chit33 gene was integrated ectopically, mostly in tandem. Some transformants showed the same restriction pattern, indicating preferable sites of integration. There was no correlation between the number of integrated copies and the level of expression of the chit33 gene in the transformants. When grown in glucose, the extracellular chitinase activity of the transformants was up to 200-fold greater than that of the wild type, whereas in chitin, the activity of both the transformants and the wild type was similar. Under both conditions, the transformants were more effective in inhibiting the growth of Rhizoctonia solani as compared with the wild type. Similar results were obtained when culture supernatants from the transformants and the wild type were tested against R. solani.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Trichoderma harzianum as a potential bio-control option for fungal root disease of Seabuckthorn

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2373
Author(s):  
Nivedita Sharma ◽  
Bhandari B.S.
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Rhizospheric Soil ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Control Option ◽  
Alternative Techniques ◽  
Micro Organisms

Biocontrol involves harnessing disease suppressive micro-organisms to improve plant health. Owing to the shortage of available fungicides for economic management of soil borne diseases, alternative techniques such as biological control are increasingly being sought for disease management. The present work was carried out to study the potential of Trichoderma harzianum isolate screened from the rhizospheric soil of seabuckthorn growing areas in Uttarakhand. Antagonistic activity of isolate was observed against Fusarium oxysporum causing damping off disease in seabuckthorn. Under in vitro conditions Trichoderma harzianum significantly reduced the growth of pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum.

scholarly journals Phylogeny and Optimization of Trichoderma harzianum for Chitinase Production: Evaluation of Their Antifungal Behaviour against the Prominent Soil Borne Phyto-Pathogens of Temperate India

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1962
Author(s):  
Fayaz A. Mohiddin ◽  
Shahid A. Padder ◽  
Arif H. Bhat ◽  
Mohammad A. Ahanger ◽  
Asif B. Shikari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Formulation Development ◽  
Chitinase Production ◽  
Trichoderma Isolates ◽  
Wilt Incidence

Trichoderma is the most commonly used fungal biocontrol agent throughout the world. In the present study, various Trichoderma isolates were isolated from different vegetable fields. In the isolated microflora, the colony edges varied from wavy to smooth. The mycelial forms were predominantly floccose with hyaline color and conidiophores among all the strains were highly branched. Based on morphological attributes, all the isolates were identified as Trichoderma harzianum. The molecular identification using multilocus sequencing ITS, rpb2 and tef1α, genes further confirmed the morphological identification. The average chitinase activity varied from 1.13 units/mL to 3.38 units/mL among the various isolates, which increased linearly with temperature from 15 to 30 °C. There was an amplified production in the chitinase production in the presence of Mg+ and Ca2+ and Na+ metal ions, but the presence of certain ions was found to cause the down-regulated chitinase activity, i.e., Zn2+, Hg2+, Fe2+, Ag+ and K+. All the chitinase producing Trichoderma isolates inhibited the growth of tested pathogens viz., Dematophora necatrix, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum and Pythium aphanidermatum at 25% culture-free filtrate concentration under in vitro conditions. Also, under in vivo conditions, the lowest wilt incidence and highest disease control on Fusarium oxysporum was observed in isolate BT4 with mean wilt incidence and disease control of 21% and 48%, respectively. The Trichoderma harzianum identified in this study will be further used in formulation development for the management of diseases under field conditions.

scholarly journals Construction of new GFP-tagged fusants for Trichoderma harzianum with enhanced biocontrol activity

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojegan Kowsari ◽  
Mostafa Motallebi ◽  
Reza Mohammad Zamani
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Protoplast Isolation ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
Biocontrol Activity

Abstract Trichoderma is one of the most exploited biocontrol agents for the management of plant diseases. In biocontrol ecology, the critical factors are detection, and the monitoring and recovery of specific biocontrol agents either naturally present or deliberately released into the environment. Protoplast fusion is an appropriate tool for the improvement of biocontrol Trichoderma strains. Protoplast isolation from Trichoderma harzianum was achieved using 24 h culture age, 6.6 mg/ml Novazym L 1412 at 30°C which resulted the maximum protoplast yield of 5 × 108/ml. The self-fused protoplasts were regenerated and 12 fusants were selected based on their growth rate on 2% colloidal chitin medium. Next, a comparison was done for chitinase and antagonistic activity. Transcriptomic analysis based on quantitative real-time RT-PCR, demonstrated that T8-05 fusant expressed 1.5 fold of chit42 transcript as compared with the parental line. This fusant with 7.02±0.15U chitinase activity showed a higher growth inhibition rate (100%) than the parent strain, against Rhizoctonia solani. To obtain a genetically marked fusant that can be used as a biomonitor, the fusant was cotransformed with the gfp and amdS genes. The morphology and viability of selected cotransformant (FT8-7MK-05-2) was similar to the parent. Green fluorescing conidia were observed within the first 2 days of incubation in the soil, and this was followed by the formation of chlamydopores after 60 days. The colonisation of the gfp-tagged fusant was also monitored visually on R. solani sclerotia by scanning electron microscopy. Production of gfp-tagged fusant of Trichoderma spp. provides a potentially useful tool for monitoring hyphal growth patterns and the population of biocontrol agent isolates introduced into environmental systems.

scholarly journals Actinomycetes from the Soil of Chilli Plantation in Yogyakarta Showing an Antagonism to Fusarium oxysporum FU3

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-224
Author(s):  
Liya Audinah ◽  
Miftahul Ilmi
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antagonistic Activity

 Application of biocontrol agent is an environmental-ly-friendly method to overcome the Fusarium wilt in chilli due to Fusarium oxysporum. This research aimed to isolate actinomycetes antagonist to F. oxysporum FU3 as biocontrol agent from the soil of chilli plantation in Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. The actinomycetes were isolated using SCA medium and followed by screening for anti-F. oxysporum FU3 on PDA. The filtrate from isolates which showing the highest inhibition zone was produced and tested against strain FU3. The best isolate was then characterized. There are four iso-lates of actinomycetes showing antagonistic activity against F. ox-ysporum (AK4, AK5, AK7, and AK9). The highest antagonistic ac-tivity was shown by AK5 filtrate with inhibitions on PDA and PDB are 41.71 ± 3.5 % and 81.77 ± 5.1 %, respectively. Further obser-vation showed that filtrate of AK5 caused abnormality and lysis on FU3 hyphae. From the results, we concluded that AK5 is a poten-tial biocontrol agent against F. oxysporum. Further studies to opti-mize the production and formulize the bio-fungicide are suggested 

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