Marine Litter and Waste and Tourism by C Michael Hall

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Michael Hall
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
Sewage Discharge ◽  
Consumer Action ◽  
Cruise Ships ◽  
Remote Islands ◽  
Marine Waste

Marine litter and waste have been found at all ocean depths (Pham et al. 2014) and in the most remote islands (Lavers & Bond, 2017) and form one of the most important contemporary issues facing the marine environment. Growing awareness of the impacts of marine plastics (Bergmann et al., 2015), together with concerns over the environmental effects of cruise ships, especially in relation to sewage discharge (Hall et al., 2017), has meant that marine waste has gained a high media profile and generated substantial public awareness and concern. Three-quarters of all marine litter is composed of plastic and this has become a focus for government and consumer action (UNEP, 2019). However, it is important to note that although there is growing awareness of plastics in the marine environment, and particularly their impact on wildlife and beach composition, the reality is that the predominance of plastics in marine litter is not necessarily the result of relatively more plastics compared to other waste in the oceans, but its durability (Andrady, 2015).

scholarly journals Floating Marine Litter in Eastern Mediterranean From Macro to Microplastics: The Lebanese Coastal Area as a Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharif Jemaa ◽  
Celine Mahfouz ◽  
Maria Kazour ◽  
Myriam Lteif ◽  
Abed El Rahman Hassoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Despite emerging and increasing concerns related to marine micro and macroplastics, no systematic surveys have been undertaken yet in the Lebanese marine area. To understand the spatio-temporal variation of plastic litter (macro and microplastics) in the Lebanese marine environment and to determine the sources of pollution, this study investigated the characteristics of plastic pollution in sea surface waters during wet and dry seasons in 22 sites of Beirut and Tyre regions. A total of 23,023 items were identified and assessed according to the shape, color, and concentration; moreover, the risk of microplastics (MPs) contamination was explored based on a risk assessment model. The obtained results demonstrated that the average macroplastics concentration was 0.45 ± 0.6 items/m3. The average microplastics concentration was found to be 20.1 ± 21.8 and 3.78 ± 5.2 items/m3 in spring and fall respectively. During fall, MPs fragments were dominant in Beirut (97%) and Tyre (91%), and no pellets were observed. During spring, filaments were most encountered in Beirut (76.5%). The most dominant marine litter color was blue followed by black and white. The Pollution Load Index (PLI) values showed a moderate contamination of the Lebanese coast with MPs (PLI: 5.79 ± 3.93) except for several sites in Beirut that showed high values of PLI, highlighting the local influence of cities and rivers on MPs concentration. This study serves as an important baseline for understanding the characteristics of the seasonal variation of MPs along the Lebanese marine environment; it will help stakeholders and countries to take proactive and reactive actions to face plastic litter pollution in the Lebanese coastal area.

scholarly journals Numerical and Laboratory Modeling of Urban Sewage Discharge from Single port outfalls into Marine Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (31) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Bahare Asghari ◽  
Mehdi Hamidi ◽  
Bahram Navayi Neya ◽  
Ozeair Abessi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Single Port ◽  
Laboratory Modeling ◽  
Sewage Discharge ◽  
Urban Sewage

Protection of the Marine Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-211
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Young
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
Multilateral Trade ◽  
General Obligation ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trade Measures

Abstract The general obligation to protect and preserve the marine environment is contained in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Increasingly, marine issues are addressed in regional or multilateral trade agreements, including the covered agreements of the World Trade Organization (WTO). This article examines selected legal developments, such as provisions in regional trade agreements on marine capture fisheries, marine litter and waste management infrastructure. Rules on the use of trade measures to eliminate harmful fishing practices, and the prohibition of certain subsidies, are also explored. The article calls for attention to the impact of these developments on dispute settlement between states under UNCLOS, support for marine protected areas, and the capacity for regime interaction between relevant bodies. These issues have relevance for the conservation of marine living resources as well as other issues relating to the protection of the marine environment, including marine plastics and climate change.

scholarly journals Who’s Responsible? Issues in Eradicating Marine Litter In Aceh Jaya Regency

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 01014
Author(s):  
Ika Kusumawati ◽  
Mita Setyowati ◽  
Agung D. Syakti ◽  
Achmad Fahrudin ◽  
Nodi Marefanda
Keyword(s):  
Similar Case ◽  
Solid Material ◽  
Coastal Environment ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Marine Debris ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
The World ◽  
People’S Perception ◽  
Marine Waste

Marine debris is any persistent, manufactured or processed solid material discarded, disposed of or abandoned in the marine and coastal environment. Debris problem in coastal areas becomes an urgent issue and concerns many countries across the world particularly marine countries such as Indonesia. The research objective was to examine the people's perception towards marine litter in Aceh Jaya Regency about whom responsible for eradicating marine debris. The study was conducted from January to July 2019 by distributing a questionnaire to 382 respondents. The result showed that 46.9% of respondents thought that they were responsible for reducing marine litter. In a similar case, researchers found 53.4% of respondents stated that those who were able to reduce marine waste were community/visitors. The final finding is that 42.1% of the sample shows that NGOs are the parties who are eager to reduce marine litter.

scholarly journals Marine litter within the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1055-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Galgani ◽  
G. Hanke ◽  
S. Werner ◽  
L. De Vrees
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Marine Strategy Framework Directive ◽  
Member States ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Monitoring Strategies ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
Monitoring Protocols ◽  
Available Information

Abstract Galgani, F., Hanke, G., Werner, S., and De Vrees, L. 2013. Marine litter within the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 1055–1064. There have been numerous anthropogenic-driven changes to our planet in the last half-century. One of the most evident changes is the ubiquity and abundance of litter in the marine environment. The EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD, 2008/56/EC) establishes a framework within which EU Member States shall take action to achieve or maintain good environmental status (GES) of their marine waters by 2020. GES is based on 11 qualitative descriptors as listed in Annex I of the MSFD. Descriptor 10 (D 10) concerns marine litter. As a follow-up to the related Commission Decision on criteria and methodological standards (2010/477/EU) in which 56 indicators for the achievement of GES are proposed, the EC Directorate-General for the Environment, on the request of the European Marine Directors, established a Technical Subgroup on Marine Litter (TSG ML) under the Working Group on GES. The role of TSG ML is to support Member States through providing scientific and technical background for the implementation of MSFD requirements with regard to D 10. Started in 2011, TSG ML provides technical recommendations for the implementation of the MSFD requirements for marine litter. It summarizes the available information on monitoring approaches and considers how GES and environmental targets could be defined with the aim of preventing further inputs of litter to, and reducing its total amount in, the marine environment. It also identifies research needs, priorities and strategies in support of the implementation of D 10. The work of TSG ML also focuses on the specification of monitoring methods through the development of monitoring protocols for litter in the different marine compartments, and for microplastics and litter in biota. Further consideration is being given to monitoring strategies in general and associated costs. Other priorities include the identification of sources of marine litter and a better understanding of the harm caused by marine litter.

scholarly journals The Baltic countries towards the goals of waste framework directive

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 102-109
Author(s):  
Natālija Cudečka-Puriņa ◽  
Lilita Ābele ◽  
Dzintra Atstāja ◽  
Vladimirs Cudečkis
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
Best Available Technologies ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Single Use ◽  
The Baltic

Social acceptance of littering behaviour has changed in the recent decades, with rapidly increasing public awareness about the human health and biodiversity impacts that can result from waste-mismanagement. Littering has an important impact on landscape and overall environment. It is of vital importance to assess existing littering sources and to try to limit them at their source. During recent years European Union (EU) has significantly strengthened the waste management requirements. In terms of newer Member States it meant – inventory of the existing system, closure and recultivation of the sub-standard landfills, development of new infrastructure, using best available technologies and, of course implementation and development of separate waste collection system. In order to ensure higher quality recycling, requirements to sorted waste collection become higher. The authors see one of the solutions – implementation of the deposit refund system (DRS), especially taking into account that both plastic beverage bottles as well as bottle caps have been identified within top 10 single use plastic found in the marine litter. The research is based on the benchmarking and statistical data analysis. As the result of the research, the authors propose implementation of DRS as a solution both to Latvian waste management issues and as a tool to improve landscape from the environmental aspects.

scholarly journals MARINE LITTER ON THE COAST OF THE SEA OF AZOV: STRUCTURE AND DISTRIBUTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
A.V. Kleshchenkov ◽  
◽  
K.S. Sushko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Marine Debris ◽  
Coastal Processes ◽  
Sea Of Azov ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
The Sea Of Azov

The article is devoted to one of the most urgent problems of modern Oceanology – marine litter. The purpose of this work was to study the distribution of marine litter on the coast of the sea of Azov. The article presents the results of field expeditions, during which observations were made on an wide network of points covering various parts of the coast, which differ both in the type and direction of coastal processes, as well as in recreational load and economic development. All marine litter was divided into 12 classes and an assessment of the occurrence of various classes was performed. The regularities of the distribution of various classes of marine debris are considered and information about their quantity in different areas is provided. There is a widespread contamination of the coast of the sea of Azov with mounting foam, which is potentially dangerous in the context of microplastic pollution of the marine environment.

Characterisation of wastes collected from beaches, coastlines, marine surface cleaning processes and ships: A case study of Istanbul

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 621-630
Author(s):  
Mehmet Sinan Bilgili ◽  
Elanur Adar ◽  
Senol Yildiz ◽  
Kadir Sezer
Keyword(s):  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Surface Cleaning ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Cruise Ships ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Marine Surface ◽  
The Common ◽  
Marine Waste

Marine waste management is crucial for Istanbul because of the significant location for intercontinental transition, international trade, tourism, industry and shipping. This study is the first one realised in Turkey for the detailed characterisation of marine waste. The amount and characteristics of solid wastes originating from beaches, coastlines, sea surface cleaning processes and ships (both cargo and cruise ships) were determined. It was observed that marine wastes includes a significant amount of recyclable materials. Although, it was ascertained that the amount and composition of waste differs according to the collecting sources, the majority of wastes are composed of different types of plastics. The average calorific value of marine waste was determined as 2500 kcal kg-1, which is higher than that of mixed municipal solid waste. There is a lack of studies on the pathways of disposal alternatives of marine waste after collection. As landfilling is the common pathway for disposal after collecting, it is clear that recycle/reuse and energy recovery options are possible for marine waste.

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