Agent Pricing Strategy and Energy Using Optimization Based on Stackelberg Game

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libo Fan ◽  
Yongsheng Zhu ◽  
Yan Dong ◽  
Mingming Zhang ◽  
Pengyang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stackelberg Game ◽  
Pricing Strategy

scholarly journals A Stackelberg Game-Based Caching Incentive Scheme for Roadside Units in VANETs

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 6625
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Yuankun Lin ◽  
Lingyu Chen ◽  
Jianghong Shi
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Point Processes ◽  
Stackelberg Game ◽  
Content Delivery ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Stackelberg Equilibrium ◽  
Pricing Strategy ◽  
Optimal Pricing ◽  
Incentive Scheme ◽  
Optimal Pricing Strategy

As a key technology of intelligent transportation systems (ITS), vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have been promising to provide safety and infotainment for drivers and passengers. To support different applications about traffic safety, traffic efficiency, autonomous driving and entertainment, it is important to investigate how to effectively deliver content in VANETs. Since it takes resources such as bandwidth and power for base stations (BSs) or roadside units (RSUs) to deliver content, the optimal pricing strategy for BSs and the optimal caching incentive scheme for RSUs need to be studied. In this paper, a framework of content delivery is proposed first, where each moving vehicle can obtain small-volume content files from either the nearest BS or the nearest RSU according to the competition among them. Then, the profit models for both BSs and RSUs are established based on stochastic geometry and point processes theory. Next, a caching incentive scheme for RSUs based on Stackelberg game is proposed, where both competition sides (i.e., BSs and RSUs) can maximize their own profits. Besides, a backward introduction method is introduced to solve the Stackelberg equilibrium. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate that BSs can obtain their own optimal pricing strategy for maximizing the profit as well as RSUs can obtain the optimal caching scheme with the maximum profit during the content delivery.

scholarly journals A Pricing Strategy of E-Commerce Advertising Cooperation in the Stackelberg Game Model with Different Market Power Structure

Algorithms ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Zhu ◽  
Jie Lin
Keyword(s):  
Market Power ◽  
Stackelberg Game ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Power Structure ◽  
Pricing Strategy ◽  
Total System ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Advertising Effort ◽  
The Cost

A lot of research work has studied the auction mechanism of uncertain advertising cooperation between the e-commerce platform and advertisers, but little has focused on pricing strategy in stable advertising cooperation under a certain market power structure. To fill this gap, this paper makes a study of the deep interest distribution of two parties in such cooperation. We propose a pricing strategy by building two stackelberg master-slave models when the e-commerce platform and the advertiser are respectively the leader in the cooperation. It is analyzed that the optimization solution of the profits of both parties and the total system are affected by some main decision factors including the income commission proportion, the advertising product price and the cost of advertising effort of both parties’ brand in different dominant models. Then, some numerical studies are used to verify the effectiveness of the models. Finally, we draw a conclusion and make some suggestions to the platforms and the advertisers in the e-commerce advertising cooperation.

scholarly journals Pricing Strategies in Dual-Channel Supply Chain with a Fair Caring Retailer

Complexity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lufeng Dai ◽  
Xifu Wang ◽  
Xiaoguang Liu ◽  
Lai Wei
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Stackelberg Game ◽  
Pricing Strategy ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
Equilibrium Solutions ◽  
Channel Competition ◽  
Dual Channel ◽  
Fairness Concerns ◽  
Dual Channel Supply Chain ◽  
The Impact

Manufacturers add online direct channels that inevitably engage in channel competition with offline retail channels. Since price is an important factor in consumers' choice of purchasing channel, pricing strategy has become a popular topic for research on dual-channel competition and coordination. In contrast to previous research on pricing strategies based on the full rationality of members, we focus on the impact of retailers' fairness concerns on pricing strategies. In this study, the hybrid dual-channel supply chain consists of one manufacturer with a direct channel who acts as the leader and a retailer who acts as the follower. First, we use the Stackelberg game approach to determine the equilibrium pricing strategy for a fair caring retailer. Simultaneously, we consider a centralized dual-channel supply chain as the benchmark for a comparative analysis of the efficiency of a decentralized supply chain. Furthermore, we study pricing strategies when the retailer has fairness concerns and determine the complete equilibrium solutions for different ranges of the parameters representing cross-price sensitivity and fairness. Finally, through numerical experiments, the pricing strategies, the profit and utility of the manufacturer and retailer, and the channel efficiency of the supply chain are compared and analysed for two scenarios. We find that fairness concerns reduce the manufacturer's profits, while for the most part, the retailers’ profit can be improved; however, the supply chain cannot achieve complete coordination.

scholarly journals Real-Time Pricing Strategy Based on the Stability of Smart Grid for Green Internet of Things

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huwei Chen ◽  
Hui Hui ◽  
Zhou Su ◽  
Dongfeng Fang ◽  
Yilong Hui
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Stackelberg Game ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Pricing Strategy ◽  
Maximal Profit ◽  
Real Time Pricing ◽  
The Stability

The ever increasing demand of energy efficiency and the strong awareness of environment have led to the enhanced interests in green Internet of things (IoTs). How to efficiently deliver power, especially, with the smart grid based on the stability of network becomes a challenge for green IoTs. Therefore, in this paper we present a novel real-time pricing strategy based on the network stability in the green IoTs enabled smart grid. Firstly, the outage is analyzed by considering the imbalance of power supply and demand as well as the load uncertainty. Secondly, the problem of power supply with multiple-retailers is formulated as a Stackelberg game, where the optimal price can be obtained with the maximal profit for retailers and users. Thirdly, the stability of price is analyzed under the constraints. In addition, simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed strategy.

scholarly journals Stackelberg Game for Product Renewal in Supply Chain

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Luo ◽  
Yamin Lou ◽  
Shizhao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Stackelberg Game ◽  
Pricing Strategy ◽  
Optimal Decision ◽  
Shift Function ◽  
Game Model ◽  
Renewal Rate ◽  
Original Product ◽  
Optimal Decision Making

The paper studied the process of product renewal in a supply chain, which is composed of one manufacturer and one retailer. There are original product and renewal product in the supply chain. A market share shift model for renewal product was firstly built on a increment function and a shift function. Based on the model, the decision-making plane consisting of two variables was divided into four areas. Since the process of product renewal was divided into two stages, Stackelberg-Nash game model and Stackelberg-merger game model could be built to describe this process. The optimal solutions of product pricing strategy of two games were obtained. The relationships between renewal rate, cost, pricing strategy, and profits were got by numerical simulation. Some insights were obtained from this paper. Higher renewal rate will make participants’ profits and total profit increase at the same margin cost. What is more important, the way of the optimal decision making of the SC was that RP comes onto the market with a great price differential between OP and RP.

Competitiveversuscooperative performances of a Stackelberg game between two suppliers

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 767-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibtissem Ernez-Gahbiche ◽  
Khaled Hadjyoussef ◽  
Abdelwaheb Dogui ◽  
Zied Jemai
Keyword(s):  
Stackelberg Game

A Study on Consumer Characteristics of Korean consumers' Intention to purchase Luxury Brand

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (8) ◽  
pp. 420-430
Author(s):  
Ji-Hun Lee ◽  
Bok-Hyun Moon ◽  
Mi-Sook Yang
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Service System ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Pricing Strategy ◽  
Luxury Brands ◽  
Negative Image ◽  
Intention To Purchase ◽  
Characteristics Analysis ◽  
Changing Times

This study aims to suggest marketing implications for the success of the luxury brands in the market.Questionnaire was conducted for 360 consumers interested in purchasing luxury goods. The collected data were verified for the appropriateness of the structural equation model and the causation of each concept.luxury brands should put more effort to improve the quality and type of products through various consumer characteristics analysis, and build a pricing strategy to match consumer characteristics with various pricing systems and payment methods. In addition, it is necessary to pay more attention to setting the service system worthy of their luxury images so that the service system can also take the luxury image. What's more, since most luxury consumers are those who value their personality and image rather than cost, so they should do their best at each step so as not to give the negative image of the company to the eyes of the consumers until the end. And it needs to continue their research for enhanced quality of the products and manage the image to sustain the image of the company over time, and make efforts to understand the way of expressing the changing images in step with the changing times and read the cultural trend.

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