scholarly journals Policy Coordination between China and Latin American Countries under the Framework of the Belt and Road Initiative

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-150
Author(s):  
Xu Wenhong
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Policy Coordination ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
The Belt And Road

Latin American countries were not a part of the earlier draft of the route map of China’s Belt and Road initiative. Through efforts of both sides, starting from the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation in May 2017, Latin America has become an indispensable and important participant of the ‘Belt and Road’ initiative. In view of the differences in history and objective circumstances between China and Latin America in terms of histories, cultures, current economic states and development needs etc., policy coordination plays a fundamental role in the China-Latin America cooperation under the framework of the Belt and Road initiative. This article explores the four aspects of policy coordination in the BRI context, namely historical background, philosophy, principle and objective. The article notes that the weight of the US, EU and Japan in the global economy is decreasing, and the number of contradictions in the national economies of these countries, on the contrary, is growing. At the same time, the aggregate economic weight of developing countries is increasing. This new paradigm of development of the world economy gives a chance to developing countries, namely China and Latin America, to deepen economic cooperation. China has already become the second largest trading partner and the third largest source of investment for Latin American countries. China also proposes a solution based on its own Chinese experience, which will allow countries from Latin America to further accelerate their economic growth through infrastructure cooperation within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative. The basic principles of such cooperation are win-win cooperation, shared growth through discussion and collaboration and the essence of policy coordination, etc. It is believed that, on the premise of a high degree of consensus achieved through policy coordination, both China and Latin America will achieve sustainable and efficient cooperation and development under the framework of the Belt and Road initiative.

China's Belt and Road Initiative in Latin America: What has Changed?

2021 ◽  
pp. 186810262110478
Author(s):  
Rhys Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Policy Statements ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
The Belt And Road

When China invited the Latin American countries to participate in the Belt and Road Initiative, it fuelled expectations of a much closer and more productive relationship with the region. In practice, however, there is little evidence that this was happening even before the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The article shows that neither the policy statements by China nor the trends in economic relations indicate a substantive change in Sino–Latin American relations and that the Belt and Road Initiative represents a repackaging of existing relations and the continuation of trends that have been underway since the global financial crisis.

scholarly journals The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and China’s Belt and Road Initiative in Latin America and the Caribbean

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanbo Li ◽  
Xufeng Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
2030 Agenda ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Belt And Road

During the initial implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (the 2030 Agenda), the Second Ministerial Meeting of the Forum of China and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) was held in Santiago, Chile, in January 2018. During this forum, China officially invited 33 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) to join the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). This study links three important global governance issues: The 2030 Agenda, China-LAC relations and BRI. The authors attempt to analyze how China’s BRI in the LAC region can learn from the 2030 Agenda of the United Nations with 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs). This study shows that although China and the LAC region have strong political, economic and trade relationships, they must deepen dialogues and cooperation on sustainable development, especially the 2030 Agenda with 17 SDGs, which can be inspirations for China’s BRI in this region. BRI, which aligns with the 2030 Agenda and contributes to Chinese experience in development, can generate new opportunities for the LAC region to implement such an agenda. However, the challenges and risks of BRI cannot be ignored, and adequate answers and solutions should be provided to allow BRI to achieve a win–win outcome for China and LAC countries. The authors also examine the alignment of China’s policies towards LAC and BRI with the 2030 Agenda (17 SDGs) and the involvement of each SDG in these policies as the 2030 Agenda (17 SDGs) should be considered in policy-making for China’s BRI in the LAC region. Moreover, on the basis of previous analyses, suggestions for a successful BRI in the LAC region in six sectors are proposed in the context the 2030 Agenda.

Latin American countries in the BRI: challenges and potential implications for economic development

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Gonzalez Jauregui
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Financial Integration ◽  
Policy Coordination ◽  
Chinese Foreign Policy ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Latin American Countries

PurposeAccording to official statements, BRI is a Chinese call for global cooperation, based on five priorities: policy coordination, facilities connectivity, unimpeded trade, financial integration and people-to-people bonds. The purpose of this paper is, primarily, to describe and contextualize the official discourse of China's foreign policy toward Latin America, emphasizing on BRI. On that basis, the author aims to contrast official rhetoric with real facts, bringing problematic cases associated with implementing BRI in Asian and African developing countries, so as to discuss possible challenges that Latin America can encounter when implementing the initiative. Finally, the author evaluates potential implications of resembling the Chinese three-level scheme of development in the region and make suggestions on this subject.Design/methodology/approachIn an effort to evaluate possible implications of BRI in Latin America, the paper describes and contextualizes Chinese foreign policy official rhetoric toward the region's countries. Based on that, the author brings to discussion Asian and African experiences in the implementation of the initiative and raise questions on controversial issues that Latin America could meet when enforcing BRI-related projects.FindingsAs a part of its new foreign and economic policies, China continues to strengthen its engagement with Latin American countries, enlarging its strategy though the promotion of BRI. If Latin American countries, through BRI, seek to replicate the Chinese three-level of development scheme, including domestic, regional and global scopes, certain controversial issues cannot be ignored in the design and implementation processes. Also, equal participation of Chinese and Latin American governments, societies and enterprises is decisive if the goal is to settle a long-term development scenario for the region.Originality/valueThe central thesis of this paper is that the implementation of BRI in Latin American countries could potentially replicate the Chinese three-level development proposal. To achieve such an ambitious goal, much depends on how Latin American countries define and enforce BRI projects. Full understanding of those challenges requires close attention to what the Chinese official rhetoric claims and what actually puts into practice in other developing countries already involved in BRI, so as to anticipate possible consequences for the region.

The One Belt One Road Initiative: An Enabler of Entrepreneurship or Big Business in Developing Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sivakumar Velayutham
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The One ◽  
The Belt And Road

In March 2015, China proposed the Belt and Road Initiative (OBOR) as its signature initiative to advance economic prosperity of the countries along the Belt and Road. The initiative promises economic development including entrepreneurial development and prosperity to mainly developing countries in Asia, Central Europe, and Africa. Entrepreneurship drives economic change and innovation while at the same time expanding opportunity and unleashing the initiative of people. Entrepreneurs are crucial to building prosperous societies that deliver opportunity to all. Recent evidence however suggests that the entrepreneurial economy is faltering and a small group of giant companies dominate the global economy. This paper seeks to critically appraise the possible effects of OBOR on entrepreneurship in developing countries along its route. Will OBOR revitalise entrepreneurship in developing countries or further intensify the dominance of the economy by a small group of giant companies. Empirical study indicates a high emphasis on large firms in the economic structure of OBOR countries (Novosak and Jurčík, 2018). This paper seeks to illustrate why OBOR is proving to be more of a Bane rather than a Boon to entrepreneurship in developing countries further promoting the dominance of the economy by big corporations.

scholarly journals Crisis and Homesickness: A New Opportunity for Brain Gain in Latin America?

2015 ◽  
pp. 17-18
Author(s):  
Iván F. Pacheco
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Brain Gain ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Work Abroad ◽  
Latin American Countries

While some industrialized countries face a surplus of PhDs in many fields of knowledge, developing countries face the opposite problem.  This might be a great opportunity for Latin American countries to attract talent.  However, most countries do not have a clear policy for the recruitment of faculty abroad and, when they do, it is mostly focused on recovering their own expatriates from their work abroad.

scholarly journals Theoretical Framework for Research on Mathematical Olympiads in Latin America

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Oscar F. Bernal Pedraza
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
School Students ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Latin American Countries

This theoretical framework is intended to serve as guide to research on national Mathematical Olympiads in Latin America. Research with the goal to elucidate critical factors involved in the existence and results obtained by Latin American teams in the International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) and other international contests, may find a stepping stone in this framework and the references cited in it. From the way local committees see themselves and their indicators for success. to the feedback subsumed in the IMO results, different comparable metrics for success must be developed to understand the specific challenges faced by these organizations and the goals set by themselves and the educational communities in their own countries. As for Latin American countries the IMO is not the only competition they attend or their single metric for success, reference to the IMO is provided as the evolving opportunity leading to the creation of local olympiad committees, the committees this framework presents as an opportunity for research and understanding of the search for talent in developing countries. As a way of closing the document, a few questions are proposed, offering both quantitative and qualitative research areas and with the possibility to reach findings helpful for those organizations, for the school students in their respective countries, and for similar organizations in other countries.

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