Forty Years in Crises: Understanding the Underlying Causes of Financial Crises in Latin America and How Coronavirus Positions the Region Today

This paper is an attempt at identifying the causes and commonalities of financial crises in Latin America over the past forty years. This identification is carried out through an extensive review and analysis of the literature on the precipitating factors of 12 major financial crises in six major nations in Latin America. Through the literature review, we find three major commonalities among the Latin American financial crises: over-dependence on commodities, ineffective macro and currency policies, and overall political instability. Political instability is often the impetus for self-serving, politically motivated economic decisions, accentuating an existing crisis or contributing to a new one, such as the region’s current struggles with the Covid-19 pandemic. Our analysis show that these crises are associated with significant shifts in the commodity prices, exchange rates and interest rates.

Entrepreneurship and Preservation of the Historical Sites: The Case of the Middle East Region

In this study, we examine the viability of a Community Based Resource Management (CBRM) model to enhance the tourism industry. CBRM is a bottom-up model, which proposes active engagement in decision-making by stakeholders, especially local communities. The model currently implemented in most developing countries is top-down, wherein central governments are in charge of all decision-making without deliberate engagement of all stakeholders. The focus of this empirical study is on Egypt, Iran, Morocco, and Turkey (EIMT). All four countries have rich historical sites and prospects for advancement of their tourism industries, which could inherently bolster their economies. A survey was developed and disseminated through email. The resulting sample is considered to be ‘expert’ due to respondents reported international travel frequency. Additionally, approximately 80% of respondents have graduate degrees. Our empirical findings support core aspects of the CBRM model, which shows that active engagement of local persons and businesses helps in the protection of historic landmarks as well as fortifying each country’s tourism industry.

Administration for Integrated Sustainability – AIS: A Technology for Perenity of the Organizations

The article has as objective to analyze the model of the Administration for Sustainability Integrated as an administration technology that favors the perenity and the success of the organizations. It investigated the problem “how the Administration for Integrated Sustainability, while administration technology, based on the Theory of Entrepreneurship, impacts on the perenity and success of organizations?” As a method, literature and field researches in a universe of 1,700 industrial companies, 15,112 of services rendered, 17 hospitals and 03 universities. The sample data received statistical treatment, with analysis of variance, correlation and regression tests with stratified random samples and for accessibility. In the collection of data the technique was the questionnaire. The data received statistical treatment, with descriptive analysis, variance analysis, correlation tests and regression. Among the results and conclusions, the Rate of Entrepreneurs in Early Stage of Brazil, grew in the world ranking in 2014, 2015 and 2019, and that of Established Entrepreneurs, grew in 2014 and 2015, but decreased in 2019. In industrial organizations, it suggests that Administration for Integrated Sustainability favors the continuity of micro and small companies, and in public ones, productivity with efficiency, quality in the provision of services and satisfaction of society, with transparency, suitability and ethics, being relevant to society. Among the theoretical and methodological contributions, it expands the field of application of administration technologies in academy and organizations.

The One Belt One Road Initiative: An Enabler of Entrepreneurship or Big Business in Developing Countries

In March 2015, China proposed the Belt and Road Initiative (OBOR) as its signature initiative to advance economic prosperity of the countries along the Belt and Road. The initiative promises economic development including entrepreneurial development and prosperity to mainly developing countries in Asia, Central Europe, and Africa. Entrepreneurship drives economic change and innovation while at the same time expanding opportunity and unleashing the initiative of people. Entrepreneurs are crucial to building prosperous societies that deliver opportunity to all. Recent evidence however suggests that the entrepreneurial economy is faltering and a small group of giant companies dominate the global economy. This paper seeks to critically appraise the possible effects of OBOR on entrepreneurship in developing countries along its route. Will OBOR revitalise entrepreneurship in developing countries or further intensify the dominance of the economy by a small group of giant companies. Empirical study indicates a high emphasis on large firms in the economic structure of OBOR countries (Novosak and Jurčík, 2018). This paper seeks to illustrate why OBOR is proving to be more of a Bane rather than a Boon to entrepreneurship in developing countries further promoting the dominance of the economy by big corporations.

National Social Benefit Systems and Entrepreneurial Intentions: A Cross-National and Cross-Level Analysis

In this study, we examine how social benefit systems (public and private social expenditure) may influence entrepreneurial intentions, and how it may moderate the relationship between fear of failure and entrepreneurial intentions. Our cross-level model of 97,012 people from 32 countries demonstrates that individuals in countries with high levels of public social expenditure are less likely to show entrepreneurial intentions because they compare and contrast the safety net provided by social systems versus risk associated with starting a business. In addition, the results show that higher levels of private social spending weaken the negative impact of fear of failure on entrepreneurial intentions.

Essential Indicators for Guiding Multiple Strategies

This work’s objective is to present and analyze indicators that guide strategic decision making at the levels of the organizational, network, corporate, business and functional environment proposed by Witt and Meyer (2010). In this sense, in addition to the mathematical expression that defines each indicator, it has also been scrutinized what each of them can portray from the analyzed scenario. Methodologically, a descriptive meta-analysis was carried out for the classification of the indicators, categorized by PESTMC-FP, through documentary research and consultation of the database referring to the values of indexes in acceptable domains that represent organizational position for evaluation of the decision maker. The paper proposes a reflection about the evaluation of the indicators as support in the processes of formulation, analysis and control of organizational strategies.

Intangible Assets and Organizational Performance in Indian Manufacturing Industry

The importance of intangible assets, such as organizational competencies, experience, and expertise has not been adequately examined. In order to fill that gap, an organizational model was developed based upon research within Indian Manufacturing Industry, so as to determine the key intangible assets of organizational performance and their significance. To an extent that these intangible organizational knowledge as an asset is capable of creating a competitive advantage, the conceptual model contributes to both scholars and practitioners.

Hedonic and Utilitarian Motivations: A Study Applied to Wine Consumption

Wine is part of history, either as a product or as an iconic beverage. It has been the object of studies related to Greek mythology, to the culture of the peoples, to religious values and to contemporary behaviors. It takes a leading role in the history of agriculture, industry, commerce and medicine. It has its trajectory marked by paradoxes, being a product of nature or a product of society, being called the gift of the gods and the work of the devil. Its consumption behavior has stood out in academic and market studies. Considering the evolution and potential of the wine market in Brazil in the last 15 years, the importance of researching on its consumption behavior, specifically on its hedonic and utilitarian motivations, emerges. Therefore, a model was elaborated and tested in order to analyze the characteristics and the relations between these motivations. In this study, a survey was conducted with a sample of 228 wine consumers in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The objective was to construct and validate an analytical model, in which two constructs were evaluated: the hedonic motivations and the utilitarian motivations of the wine consumption.

Implementation of Management Models: A Case Study of Performance of Socioenvironmental Management at Brazillian Public Energy Company

CCJ.V4 – 2019 Twitter Facebook CCJ.V4.2019 2019 – Vol. 4, No.1 ( Papers 1-3) & No. 2 (Paper 4-6) ISSN 2573-5691 (online) Determinants of Innovations in the Region of MENA by Hau Huang and Massood Samii This paper investigates determinants of innovation in MENA (Middle East and North Africa) countries. This investigation focused on GDP per capita (PPP), higher education enrollment, economy openness, business disclosure and unemployment rates, among other factors. The analysis uses the Global Innovation Index (GII), patent applications and high technology export as dependent variables in separate models. Panel regression is applied in the study. The result indicates that in the MENA region, all the above four factors except unemployment rate are determinants of innovation, and it is also shown that high technology export is the best proxy for innovation among the three dependent variables. This study is organized in the following format: introduction, followed by literature review, then data and methodology, then the results and discussion; finally, the paper closes with its conclusion and potentialities for future research. Intangible Assets and Organizational Performance in Indian Manufacturing Industry by Shafali Bahl Shah and Sangeeta Shah Bharadwaj The importance of intangible assets, such as organizational competencies, experience, and expertise has not been adequately examined. In order to fill that gap, an organizational model was developed based upon research within Indian Manufacturing Industry, so as to determine the key intangible assets of organizational performance and their significance. To an extent that these intangible organizational knowledge as an asset is capable of creating a competitive advantage, the conceptual model contributes to both scholars and practitioners. Hedonic and Utilitariian Motivations: A Study Applied to Wine Consumption by Jose Edson Lara, Ronaldo Lamounier, Wanderleri Ramalho, Thalles Augusto, Eduardo Trindade Wine is part of history, either as a product or as an iconic beverage. It has been the object of studies related to Greek mythology, to the culture of the peoples, to religious values and to contemporary behaviors. It takes a leading role in the history of agriculture, industry, commerce and medicine. It has its trajectory marked by paradoxes, being a product of nature or a product of society, being called the gift of the gods and the work of the devil. Its consumption behavior has stood out in academic and market studies. Considering the evolution and potential of the wine market in Brazil in the last 15 years, the importance of researching on its consumption behavior, specifically on its hedonic and utilitarian motivations, emerges. Therefore, a model was elaborated and tested in order to analyze the characteristics and the relations between these motivations. In this study, a survey was conducted with a sample of 228 wine consumers in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The objective was to construct and validate an analytical model, in which two constructs were evaluated: the hedonic motivations and the utilitarian motivations of the wine consumption. Implementation of Management Models: A Case Study of Performance of Socioenvironmental Management at Brazillian Public Energy Company by Chrsitiane de Miranda e Silva Correia, Claudia Moreira, and Reynaldo Muniz The organizations seek to improve results and increase the competitiveness with the implementation of management models that support the improvements of the processes and the attendance to the needs of the stakeholders. The objective of this research is to contribute to the practical adoption of a management model in organizations by analyzing the impact of the performance in stakeholders related to social and environmental management. It was used a qualitative research approach that describes, through a case study, intervention and the real-life context of the impact of the implementation of the management model on organizational performance especially in relation to the stakeholder society and community. A questionnaire was sent to strategic collaborators and stakeholders and secondary data were collected. With the analysis of the research data, the conclusion is that the implementation of the management model contributed to the achievement of results and the attendance to the needs of the stakeholders. The implementation of the management model occurred in parallel with other management methodologies that also contributed to the improvement of organizational performance.