scholarly journals The Role of Diagnostic Medical Imaging Techniques in the Evaluation of Perianal Fistula: A Review

Author(s):  
R Adityan ◽  
Immanuel Jerald Paul
1984 ◽  
Vol 45 (C1) ◽  
pp. C1-685-C1-690
Author(s):  
M. A. Green ◽  
J. R. Singer

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (32) ◽  
pp. 3915-3927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Ballestri ◽  
Claudio Tana ◽  
Maria Di Girolamo ◽  
Maria Cristina Fontana ◽  
Mariano Capitelli ◽  
...  

: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) embraces histopathological entities ranging from the relatively benign simple steatosis to the progressive form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is associated with fibrosis and an increased risk of progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is the most common liver disease and is associated with extrahepatic comorbidities including a major cardiovascular disease burden. : The non-invasive diagnosis of NAFLD and the identification of subjects at risk of progressive liver disease and cardio-metabolic complications are key in implementing personalized treatment schedules and follow-up strategies. : In this review, we highlight the potential role of ultrasound semiquantitative scores for detecting and assessing steatosis severity, progression of NAFLD, and cardio-metabolic risk. : Ultrasonographic scores of fatty liver severity act as sensors of cardio-metabolic health and may assist in selecting patients to submit to second-line non-invasive imaging techniques and/or liver biopsy.


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Süß ◽  
Johannes C.M. Schlachetzki

: Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most frequent neurodegenerative disorder. Although proteinaceous aggregates of extracellular Amyloid-β (Aβ) and intracellular hyperphosphorylated microtubule- associated tau have long been identified as characteristic neuropathological hallmarks of AD, a disease- modifying therapy against these targets has not been successful. An emerging concept is that microglia, the innate immune cells of the brain, are major players in AD pathogenesis. Microglia are longlived tissue-resident professional phagocytes that survey and rapidly respond to changes in their microenvironment. Subpopulations of microglia cluster around Aβ plaques and adopt a transcriptomic signature specifically linked to neurodegeneration. A plethora of molecules and pathways associated with microglia function and dysfunction has been identified as important players in mediating neurodegeneration. However, whether microglia exert either beneficial or detrimental effects in AD pathology may depend on the disease stage. : In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the stage-dependent role of microglia in AD, including recent insights from genetic and gene expression profiling studies as well as novel imaging techniques focusing on microglia in human AD pathology and AD mouse models.


1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Patrícia Resende Penido ◽  
Rhanna Junqueira Westin de Carvalho ◽  
Roger Willian Moraes Mendes

RESUMOIntrodução: A Arterite de Takayasu (AT) consiste em uma vasculopatia de origem indefinida, sendo de caráter crônico, que afeta a aorta e seus ramos principais. Em gestantes é uma condição complexa, em que o tratamento clínico é realizado com restrições. A utilização de corticoides tem sido favorável no controle inflamatório, principalmente naqueles casos em que antes da gravidez se fazia uso de imunossupressores. Casuística: Foi relatado um caso de uma gestante portadora de AT, através da análise de prontuário e de exames complementares, sendo realizado o pré-natal pelas equipes de Obstetrícia e Reumatologia, onde foi realizado tratamento clínico com corticoides, mostrando uma evolução satisfatória, ocorrendo apenas uma hospitalização que foi seguida de uma cesárea na trigésima sexta semana de gravidez, com recém nato saudável de 3.810g. Discussão: A AT pode estar associada a várias etiologias, sendo a gênese pouco conhecida. O diagnóstico na maioria das vezes é demorado, pela dificuldade da suspeita clínica, além de demandar o uso de técnicas de imagem mais sofisticadas. A gestação associada é fenômeno raro, já que as portadoras são orientadas a evitarem a gravidez. O controle clínico permitiu uma gestação sem grandes complicações e serviu como meio para levar a gestação até praticamente o fim do terceiro trimestre. Conclusão: Deve-se ressaltar o papel do acompanhamento clínico, especialmente com esta pan-arterite, mostrando os medicamentos que podem ser utilizados nesse grupo, especialmente quando se usava imunossupressores antes da gravidez. Palavras chave: Arterite de Takayasu, Gravidez, Vasculite. ABSTRACT:Introduction: Takayasu's arteritis (TA) consists of a vascular disease of unknown origin and chronic nature, which affects the aorta and its main branches. In pregnant women it is a complex condition, in which the clinical treatment is performed with restrictions. The use of corticosteroids has been favorable to control inflammation, especially in those cases when immunosuppressant had been used before pregnancy. Case Report: A case of a pregnant patient with TA has been reported through the analysis of medical records and laboratory tests. The Obstetrics and Rheumatology staff performed the prenatal care, and clinical treatment with corticosteroids was done showing a satisfactory outcome. There was only one hospitalization of the patient, which was followed by a cesarean in the thirty sixth week of pregnancy.  The newborn was a healthy one, weighing 3.810g. Discussion: TA may be associated with several etiologies, and the genesis is little known. The diagnosis most often takes time due to the difficulty of clinical suspicion, and requires the use of more sophisticated imaging techniques. The pregnancy is rare phenomenon, since the carriers are advised to avoid pregnancy. The clinical management allowed a pregnancy without major complications and served as a means to carry the pregnancy to almost the end of the third quarter. Conclusion: The role of the clinical follow-up should be noticed especially with this pan-arteritis, showing the drugs that can be used in this group, especially when there is use of immunosuppressive drugs before pregnancy. Keywords: Takayasu Arteritis, Pregnancy, Vasculitis.


2021 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Narjes Benameur ◽  
Ramzi Mahmoudi ◽  
Soraya Zaid ◽  
Younes Arous ◽  
Badii Hmida ◽  
...  

1997 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 767-785
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Minkoff ◽  
Steven Stecker ◽  
Gregg Cavaliere

Author(s):  
Ashraf Talaat Youssef

Abstract Background The intersphincteric plane (ISP) is a potential space between the external and the internal anal sphincters. About 90% of the perianal sepsis is caused by an obstruction of the ducts of anal glands with subsequent secondary bacterial infection. The imaging modalities used to diagnose perianal sepsis are the ultrasound via endoanal and transperineal routes and magnetic resonance imaging. Objective  The study aimed to identify the various patterns of the ISP sepsis and their incidence among our study group and to clarify the significance of ISP in the pathogenesis of anorectal abscesses and various types of perianal fistula tracts, to optimize the surgical management. Methods Retrospective descriptive study in which 57 patients with an ISP sepsis were evaluated with full medical history, clinical exam, and ultrasound; the final diagnosis was based on combining the results of ultrasound, digital rectal examination under anesthesia, and the operative results. Results The current study showed many patterns of the ISP sepsis and estimated the incidence of each pattern among our study group; such patterns could be fistula tracts, sinus tracts, abscesses, intersphincteric abscess with supralevator extension, sinus with abscess formation, fistula with abscess formation, distension of the ISP with free pus, and other complex patterns like horse abscess, abscess with transsphincteric sinus, and ISP fistula/sinus with transsphincteric branches. Conclusion Understanding the role of the ISP in the pathogenesis of anorectal abscesses and perianal fistula tracts can help in reaching the optimum way of management.


Hepatology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 2238-2244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Bruix ◽  
Maria Reig ◽  
Jordi Rimola ◽  
Alejandro Forner ◽  
Marta Burrel ◽  
...  

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