scholarly journals GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY

2020 ◽  
Vol 92,2020 (92) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
V. Hlotov ◽  
◽  
М. Fys ◽  
О. Pashchetnyk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Photography ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
Optimal Algorithm ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
System Of Equations ◽  
First Case ◽  
Spatial Coordinates ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

Purpose. Develop an optimal algorithm that will increase the accuracy of determining the coordinates of the terrain when using the aerial process applying an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Method. The minimization of function based on the condition of collinearity is performed, which clarifies the elements of external orientation (EZO) of digital images and leads to an increase in the accuracy of the spatial coordinates of the points of objects. The proposed function is the sum of the squares of the differences between the calculated and measured reference points on the corresponding digital images. The sequence of implementation of the proposed algorithm is that taking into account the condition of the minimum of this function makes it possible to obtain a system of six nonlinear equations for EZO. The process of determining EZO is performed in two ways: in the first case, the function G is minimized directly by one of the numerical methods, and in the second - obtained as a solution of a system of equations, which gives refined EZO values based on initial approximations obtained directly from UAV telemetry. Modified conditions of the minimum of the function G in which there are no differentiation operations are used to control the accuracy of EZO determination. As a result, we obtain the final values of the EZO at the time of shooting. Results. An algorithm has been developed and tested on mock-ups on real examples, which allows to increase the accuracy of calculating the coordinates of terrain points when using UAVs for the aerial photography process. Scientific novelty. Formulas are obtained, which increase the accuracy of creating topographic materials by digital stereophotogrammetric method. Practical significance. The implementation of the developed algorithm will significantly increase the accuracy of processing large-scale orthophotos and topographic plans created on the basis of aerial photography from UAVs.

scholarly journals THE STUDY OF THE “CETUS” UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE FOR TOPOGRAPHIC AERIAL SURVEYING

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Hlotov ◽  
Alla Hunina ◽  
Ihor Kolb ◽  
Vadim Kolesnichenko ◽  
Ihor Trevoho
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Aerial Photography ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Aerial Survey ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Gps Survey ◽  
Aerial Surveys ◽  
Spatial Coordinates ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
And Control

The work aims to analyze and study the possibilities of using “Cetus” unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for performing topographic aerial surveys. The authors developed and tested aircraft-type UAV for topographic aerial photography. The studies were conducted on a specialized landfill, at which there is an appropriate number of situational points whose coordinates are determined with high accuracy. These points were used as both reference and control points. The obtained UAV aerial survey materials were subjected to a phototriangulation process to determine the orientation elements and to analyze, first and foremost, the angular orientation elements. The surveying was carried out on a mountainous territory, where the spatial coordinates of 37 situational points were determined by the method of ground-based GPS survey with an average accuracy of up to 0.05 m. These points were used as reference and control points. Aerial photography was performed in such a way that the scale of the images was as uniform as possible. The design solutions implemented in the Cetus UAV provide all the possibilities to perform aerial surveys of territories in strict compliance with the projected flight parameters. UAV equipment provides the necessary real-time correction of the position of the aerial camera. At the same time the optimum straightness of routes, stability of scales and mutual overlapping of pictures is reached. Regarding the accuracy of obtaining the spatial coordinates of the points of terrain objects, using “Cetus” UAV surveys, plans can even be made on a scale of even 1: 1000. As a result of the creation of the UAV “Cetus”, it became possible to perform the topographic aerial survey of the territories and to create large-scale orthophotos that fully meet the instructions. As a result of testing the “Cetus” UAV, it can be used in production processes when drawing up topographic plans for a large-scale series: 1: 1000 – 1: 5000, which will significantly save the cost of performing topographic work.

Algorithm for determining the orientation elements of an infrared image obtained from a drone using reference points

2020 ◽  
Vol 958 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
S.M. Mokrova ◽  
R.P. Petrov ◽  
V.N. Milich
Keyword(s):  
Focal Length ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Infrared Image ◽  
Image Plane ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Spatial Coordinates ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
True Position ◽  
Image Orientation ◽  
Perspective Center

The article deals with the algorithm for determining the exterior and interior orientation elements of an infrared image obtained from an unmanned aerial vehicle using four reference points. The idea of the proposed algorithm is to determine the true position of the image by the defined three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the reference points in the image at the time of shooting. The image plane is built up on the defined points. The coordinates of the principal point of the image are calculated by making a perpendicular from the perspective center to the plane of the image. The focal length is equal to the length of this perpendicular. Euler angles characterizing the position of the camera at the time of shooting are calculated after determining the axes’ directions of the inclined image coordinate system. The proposed algorithm is effective even in the case when all the elements of the image orientation are unknown. Calculations of the image elements on model examples with different initial data show high accuracy. The possibility of obtaining the necessary accuracy for the orthotransformation procedure was confirmed on real images.

scholarly journals Influence of the shape and size of the ground targets on the accuracy of photogrammetric processing

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-304
Author(s):  
Amr Elsheshtawy ◽  
Larisa A. Gavrilova ◽  
Anatoly N. Limonov ◽  
Mohamed Elshewy
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Aerial Survey ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Aerial Photos ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Ground Control Points ◽  
First Case ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Mosaic Generation

The materials obtained from the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) are used to solve many problems, including large-scale mapping and monitoring of linear objects, as well as the ecological situation and monitoring of emergency situations. The promptly obtained photographic materials make it possible to reveal the consequences of man-made human impact associated with degradation of the soil cover, flooding of lands, salinization and pollution of the soil layer, and changes in the vegetation cover. Control points are used for absolute orientation of the generated models in the most projects of photogrammetric processing of aerial photos and images obtained from UAVs. In areas with low contour, before aerial survey, targeting is carried out in the required zones. The research is devoted to the study of the influence of the shape of ground targets on the accuracy of photogrammetric processing. It involved three different types of ground targets located on the land cover along the survey path at a distance not exceeding 1 m from each other. The targets were used as ground control points in the photogrammetric processing of the materials from the UAV. Two three-stripe photographic surveys of the 900 m long track were carried out: with UAV DJI PHANTOM 4 PRO camera FC6310 at a scale of 1:3400 and ground resolution of 1 cm and with the DJI Mavic PRO UAV camera FC220 at a scale of 1:12 700 and ground resolution of 2 cm. In both cases, the direction of flight is north - south, 36 targets were included in the photogrammetric processing. In the first case, 502 images were processed, in the second - 152. The photogrammetric processing for the orthophoto mosaic generation was carried out using the Agisoft Photo Scan Professional software. Four different contrasting sites in the study area were selected for the study: green grass, dry grass, clay, sand. Accuracy was assessed according to two criteria: 1) the degree of visualization of the target on the images; 2) the accuracy of the orthophoto mosaic, generated using various targets.

scholarly journals Accuracy Investigation of Creating Orthophotomaps Based on Images Obtained by Applying Trimble-UX5 UAV

2017 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Hlotov ◽  
Alla Hunina ◽  
Zbigniew Siejka
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Aerial Survey ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Accuracy Estimation ◽  
Aerial Imaging ◽  
Spatial Coordinates ◽  
Gnss Measurements ◽  
Similar Triangles

Abstract The main purpose of this work is to confirm the possibility of making largescale orthophotomaps applying unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) Trimble- UX5. A planned altitude reference of the studying territory was carried out before to the aerial surveying. The studying territory has been marked with distinctive checkpoints in the form of triangles (0.5 × 0.5 × 0.2 m). The checkpoints used to precise the accuracy of orthophotomap have been marked with similar triangles. To determine marked reference point coordinates and check-points method of GNSS in real-time kinematics (RTK) measuring has been applied. Projecting of aerial surveying has been done with the help of installed Trimble Access Aerial Imaging, having been used to run out the UX5. Aerial survey out of the Trimble UX5 UAV has been done with the help of the digital camera SONY NEX-5R from 200m and 300 m altitude. These aerial surveying data have been calculated applying special photogrammetric software Pix 4D. The orthophotomap of the surveying objects has been made with its help. To determine the precise accuracy of the got results of aerial surveying the checkpoint coordinates according to the orthophotomap have been set. The average square error has been calculated according to the set coordinates applying GNSS measurements. A-priori accuracy estimation of spatial coordinates of the studying territory using the aerial surveying data have been calculated: mx=0.11 m, my=0.15 m, mz=0.23 m in the village of Remeniv and mx=0.26 m, my=0.38 m, mz=0.43 m in the town of Vynnyky. The accuracy of determining checkpoint coordinates has been investigated using images obtained out of UAV and the average square error of the reference points. Based on comparative analysis of the got results of the accuracy estimation of the made orthophotomap it can be concluded that the value the average square error does not exceed a-priori accuracy estimation. The possibility of applying Trimble UX5 UAV for making large-scale orthophotomaps has been investigated. The aerial surveying output data using UAV can be applied for monitoring potentially dangerous for people objects, the state border controlling, checking out the plots of settlements. Thus, it is important to control the accuracy the got results. Having based on the done analysis and experimental researches it can be concluded that applying UAV gives the possibility to find data more efficiently in comparison with the land surveying methods. As the result, the Trimble UX5 UAV gives the possibility to survey built-up territories with the required accuracy for making orthophotomaps with the following scales 1: 2000, 1: 1000, 1: 500.

scholarly journals The features of application of different systems of orientation angles at the processing of aerospace images

2021 ◽  
Vol 310 ◽  
pp. 04004
Author(s):  
Vladimir Bezmenov
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Aerial Photography ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Spatial Coordinates ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Camera Orientation ◽  
Mean Square Errors ◽  
Aerospace Images

The angular elements of external orientation characterize the position of a shooting camera relative to the coordinate system in which the spatial coordinates of the points of the object under study are determined from the processing of its images. In many cases of aerial photography, e.g. shooting from an unmanned aerial vehicle, as well as in the case of space survey, the values of the orientation angles could be very significant. This paper presents the results of numerical experiments for five different systems of external orientation angles (Euler angles). The studies were performed using the condition of complanarity, which is the basis of space forward intersection. For a space forward intersection, a model of errors in determining spatial coordinates for five systems of shooting camera orientation angles has been developed. In the numerical experiments, the general case of aerial photography from an unmanned aerial vehicle and of space survey of the Earth were simulated. By comparing the root-mean-square errors (RMSE) in determining the spatial coordinates obtained using the studied systems of external orientation angles, the features of the use of these systems of orientation angles were revealed. The results of the research will allow to determine the spatial coordinates of the points of the studied objects with a greater degree of reliability by photogrammetry methods.

MODERN METHODS OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY FOR ARCHITECTURAL AND PLANNING ANALYSIS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE OBJECTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 110-114
Author(s):  
Denis V. LITVINOV
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Aerial Photography ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Cultural Heritage Objects ◽  
Territorial Unity

In the article the results of research works of a large-scale object of cultural heritage of the Earth mound of the Krasnoyarsk fortress with application of aerial photography from the unmanned aerial vehicle are presented. The Krasnoyarsk fortress is a unique monument of military fortifi cation architecture of Russia of the fi rst half of the XVIII century and one of the largest defensive lines in Russia, created for protection of the southeastern edge of the European Russia against att acks of nomads. The results of vertical and oblique aerial photography allow to reveal the general architectural and planning composition of the Earth mound of fortress as well as to see all the area of a complex and to defi ne the territorial unity with other fortifi cation constructions. The methods of use of unmanned aerial vehicles give materials about the object in study and allow to bind its spatial location to the coordinate system of the terrain, to create three-dimensional model of the area, to compare the received images with the available historical cards and plans, which will signifi cantly facilitate the task of registering the Fortress with the security authorities and withdrawing its territory from economic use.

Intelligent Lighting Control System in Large-Scale Sports Competition Venues

2018 ◽  
pp. 172-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengmin CAO
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Lighting Control ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation Model

This paper mainly studies the application of intelligent lighting control system in different sports events in large sports competition venues. We take the Xiantao Stadium, a large­scale sports competition venue in Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province as an example, to study its intelligent lighting control system. In this paper, the PID (proportion – integral – derivative) incremental control model and the Karatsuba multiplication model are used, and the intelligent lighting control system is designed and implemented by multi­level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model. Finally, the paper evaluates the actual effect of the intelligent lighting control system. The research shows that the intelligent lighting control system designed in this paper can accurately control the lighting of different sports in large stadiums. The research in this paper has important practical significance for the planning and design of large­scale sports competition venues.

Flight Path Planning of Robot for Environmental Measurement Considering Accuracy Assurance

Impact ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (10) ◽  
pp. 90-92
Author(s):  
Kae Doki ◽  
Yuki Funabora ◽  
Shinji Doki
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Highway Bridge ◽  
Climate Research ◽  
Small Uav ◽  
Inspection Process ◽  
Aerial View ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Infrastructure Inspection ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Small Team

Every day we are seeing an increasing number of robots being employed in our day-to-day lives. They are working in factories, cleaning our houses and may soon be chauffeuring us around in vehicles. The affordability of drones too has come down and now it is conceivable for most anyone to own a sophisticated unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). While fun to fly, these devices also represent powerful new tools for several industries. Anytime an aerial view is needed for a planning, surveillance or surveying, for example, a UAV can be deployed. Further still, equipping these vehicles with an array of sensors, for climate research or mapping, increases their capability even more. This gives companies, governments or researchers a cheap and safe way to collect vast amounts of data and complete tasks in remote or dangerous areas that were once impossible to reach. One area UAVs are proving to be particularly useful is infrastructure inspection. In countries all over the world large scale infrastructure projects like dams and bridges are ageing and in need of upkeep. Identifying which ones and exactly where they are in need of patching is a huge undertaking. Not only can this work be dangerous, requiring trained inspectors to climb these megaprojects, it is incredibly time consuming and costly. Enter the UAVs. With a fleet of specially equipped UAVs and a small team piloting them and interpreting the data they bring back the speed and safety of this work increases exponentially. The promise of UAVs to overturn the infrastructure inspection process is enticing, but there remain several obstacles to overcome. One is achieving the fine level of control and positioning required to navigate the robots around 3D structures for inspection. One can imagine that piloting a small UAV underneath a huge highway bridge without missing a single small crack is quite difficult, especially when the operators are safely on the ground hundreds of meters away. To do this knowing exactly where the vehicle is in space becomes a critical variable. The job can be made even easier if a flight plan based on set waypoints can be pre-programmed and followed autonomously by the UAV. It is exactly this problem that Dr Kae Doki from the Department of Electrical Engineering at Aichi Institute of Technology, and collaborators are focused on solving.

scholarly journals Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Patients with Hereditary Podocytopathies, Alport Syndrome, and FSGS: A Case Series to Better Plan a Large-Scale Study

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1815
Author(s):  
Jan Boeckhaus ◽  
Oliver Gross
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Alport Syndrome ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Hereditary Diseases ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Barrier ◽  
Early Effect ◽  
Filtration Barrier ◽  
First Case ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter

Hereditary diseases of the glomerular filtration barrier are characterized by a more vulnerable glomerular basement membrane and dysfunctional podocytes. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated the nephroprotective effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in chronic kidney disease (CKD). SGLT2-mediated afferent arteriole vasoconstriction is hypothesized to correct the hemodynamic overload of the glomerular filtration barrier in hereditary podocytopathies. To test this hypothesis, we report data in a case series of patients with Alport syndrome and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) with respect of the early effect of SGLT2i on the kidney function. Mean duration of treatment was 4.5 (±2.9) months. Mean serum creatinine before and after SGLT-2i initiation was 1.46 (±0.42) and 1.58 (±0.55) mg/dL, respectively, with a median estimated glomerular filtration rate of 64 (±27) before and 64 (±32) mL/min/1.73 m2 after initiation of SGLT2i. Mean urinary albumin-creatinine ratio in mg/g creatinine before SGLT-2i initiation was 1827 (±1560) and decreased by almost 40% to 1127 (±854) after SGLT2i initiation. To our knowledge, this is the first case series on the effect and safety of SGLT2i in patients with hereditary podocytopathies. Specific large-scale trials in podocytopathies are needed to confirm our findings in this population with a tremendous unmet medical need for more effective, early on, and safe nephroprotective therapies.

scholarly journals Two-stage multi-tasking transform framework for large-scale many-objective optimization problems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Chen ◽  
Handing Wang ◽  
Wenping Ma
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Original Problem ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Decision Space ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Decision Variables ◽  
Objective Space

AbstractReal-world optimization applications in complex systems always contain multiple factors to be optimized, which can be formulated as multi-objective optimization problems. These problems have been solved by many evolutionary algorithms like MOEA/D, NSGA-III, and KnEA. However, when the numbers of decision variables and objectives increase, the computation costs of those mentioned algorithms will be unaffordable. To reduce such high computation cost on large-scale many-objective optimization problems, we proposed a two-stage framework. The first stage of the proposed algorithm combines with a multi-tasking optimization strategy and a bi-directional search strategy, where the original problem is reformulated as a multi-tasking optimization problem in the decision space to enhance the convergence. To improve the diversity, in the second stage, the proposed algorithm applies multi-tasking optimization to a number of sub-problems based on reference points in the objective space. In this paper, to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, we test the algorithm on the DTLZ and LSMOP problems and compare it with existing algorithms, and it outperforms other compared algorithms in most cases and shows disadvantage on both convergence and diversity.

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