Comprehensive Strategic Planning for the Recovery of Ukraine's Coal Industry

The article substantiates the conceptual provisions of strategic social planning for the restoration of Ukrainian Donbass in the context of deepening the provisions of the Law of Ukraine of 16.09.2014. №1680 «On the special order of local self-government in certain districts of Donetsk and Luhansk regions». Developing the relevant articles of the Law of Ukraine of 16.09.2014. №1680, the following conceptual provisions of strategic social planning are substantiated: proactive implementation of the Donbass Information Reintegration Strategy, developed only until 2020 and approved by the Government order of July 26, 2018. It was objectively necessary to deepen, expand and clarify it for 2021-2027 and for the period up to 2030; state-production approach to achieve a balanced territorial unity of these areas within the administrative borders of Luhansk and Donetsk regions and with all regions of Ukraine. The current Law of Ukraine of 16.09.2014. №1680 reveals the essence and content of state influence on the restoration of socio-economic development of certain districts of Luhansk and Donetsk regions in a single legal field of Ukraine as a unitary state: components and procedures of information support of economic reintegration of separate areas; ways and methods of achieving territorial unity of individual districts with their regions and Ukraine as a whole; forecasting, programming, budgeting of social and economic development of Luhansk and Donetsk regions. Solving the problems of analytical research was accompanied by the identification of unaccounted challenges and mistakes of state influence to overcome them. On the basis of the received results offers and recommendations for implementation of the corresponding changes in the current legislation of Ukraine are formulated.

FEATURES OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT IN BULGARIA

Knowledge of socio-economic processes for the realization of the state will determine the course and their division of the territory of the administrative-territorial and territorial units. Planning and construction of each administrative unit must meet the structural limits, requirements, parameters and characteristics peculiar to themselves socio-economic processes. Territorial unity and socio-economic development is implemented in line between the territorial scope of ATU, on the one hand, and the boundaries of socio-economic impact of public policies in the territories of another. It ranks among the administrative territorial unit active and important elements of the development of public relations. KEY WORDS: territory, state, structure, administration, development

Karakter DAS Kambang Berdasarkan Analisis Morfometri dan Aspek Biofisik

Watershed (river basin) is a hydrological unit. DAS holds water, distributes water through a channel system from upstream to downstream, and ends in a body of water in the form of a lake or sea. Watershed is also an ecosystem, where the elements of organisms and the biophysical environment and chemical elements interact dynamically and in which there is a balance. DAS is seen as a unit of territorial unity where rainwater collects into a river to become a river flow. The factors that influence the characteristics of the watershed are morphometric factors and the biophysical aspects of the watershed. Watershed morphometry is a quantitative measure of the natural characteristics of the watershed, namely the geomorphological aspects of an area. This characteristic is related to the process of draining (drainage) of rainwater that falls in the watershed including the shape of the watershed, the area of the watershed, the density of the river (drainage), and the flow pattern. River flow is greatly influenced by the biophysical conditions of the Kambang watershed. Analysis of the biophysical conditions of the Kambang watershed includes analysis of soil types, land use, topographic conditions including slopes and contours, as well as the quality of Kambang river water. Considering the strategic designation of the Kambang watershed should be aligned with the watershed character.

Investigating Crimes of Extremism

Introduction: extremism in the Russian Federation is opposed by the principle of ideological and political diversity, which determines the democratic principles of Russia, since it is a federal, legal, social state with a Republican form of government. The democratic type of this state expresses the idea of recognizing a multiethnic people as the source of power within the entire territory of the Russian Federation (Part 1 of Article 3 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation), in which the individual ideologies cannot be established as state or mandatory for its citizens. This is due to the creation of a balanced social and national consent, since the national interests of Russia represent the totality of the main interests of the individual, society and the state. The legislator prohibits the functioning of public associations whose efforts are caused by a violent change in the constitutional order and violation of its territorial unity, related to an attack on public security, since they are caused by the criminal liability of persons for committing crimes related to terrorism, separatism and extremism. The purpose of the study: to develop recommendations for improving the efficiency of the investigation of extremist crimes, implementing measures to tighten the criminal law policy, and enhancing the international and domestic cooperation of the investigative subjects aimed at preventing and further minimizing of the consequences of extremism. The research objectives: to characterize the features of pre-trial proceedings during the investigation of crimes of extremism; to offer recommendations for improving the efficiency of investigations of extremist crimes. Methods: the methodological framework for this research is a number of methods of scientific knowledge, as well as such general scientific research methods as dialectical, logical, system, structural and functional ones; including such specific scientific methods as comparative law and formal legal, and others. Results: in the paper, the authors determine that when investigating a crime of extremism, the main task is to determine whether the suspects have actions to incite hatred or enmity, as well as to humiliate human dignity on the grounds of gender, race, nationality, language, origin, attitude to religion or belonging to a social group. To solve these tasks, the searches and seizures are made in homes, the telephone and other conversations are monitored and recorded, the information about connections between subscribers and subscriber devices is obtained, the correspondence is seized, and its inspection and seizure in the communication institutions are allowed which is aimed at collecting, checking and evaluating the existing evidence of extremist activity. Conclusions: the measures to improve the effectiveness of crime investigation have been identified: the placing of extremist crimes under the jurisdiction of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation and the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation; the interaction at the interstate level of the investigators of the Russian Federation with the investigators of foreign states on the issues of legal assistance, on requests in connection with the ongoing investigations and measures to overcome counteraction to the investigation of extremist crimes.

Politics of Ethnic Identity in China

The People’s Republic of China (PRC), in the eyes of its leadership, has been perceived as a unitary multiethnic state (duo minzu guojia), comprised of the Han majority and fifty-five ethnic minorities. State propaganda routinely emphasizes the inseparability of the Han from other ethnic groups that have seamlessly cohered into one harmonious whole in the course of five thousand years of history. The “ethnic minorities” (shaoshu minzu) concept attained its meaning during the minority identification project (minzu shibie) of the mid-1950s shortly after the establishment of the PRC. Yet, the ideas and principles of the Chinese national model formalized through the ethnic identification project are informed by the centuries of the Chinese central state’s expansion and absorption of new territories and people into its domain. The articulation of the Chinese territorial and cultural borders went hand in hand with the development of new forms of categorization and demarcation of difference encountered as Chinese borders expanded. Prior to the Republican period (1911–1949), to be Chinese was a matter of accepting and converting into Confucian norms. According to the rules of the governing order of imperial China, tianxia, practicing the Confucian ritual and ethical principles was sufficient to become Chinese (huaren). In the period of China’s forced opening-up to the outside world in the mid- to late 1800s, the formulation of national principles was part of the process of negotiating what constituted China and who the Chinese people were. The concepts of ethnicity and nation developed at the intersections between Chinese state’s relations with its domestic Others and its turbulent interactions with the outside world. The themes of national survival, territorial unity, cultural cohesion, stability of borders, and the development of the Chinese nation into a strong modern state are closely related to the formation of the politics of ethnic and national identity.

Libya, a Multinational State?

Chapter Four entitled “Libya, a Multinational State?” analyses state collapse in Libya after the war to bring down the Qadhafi regime. Unlike Tunisia, Libya has been unable to achieve a democratic compromise. On the contrary, the demise of Qadhafi’s regime brought to light the historical rifts in the Libyan state. Its implosion into several different regional and tribal entities indicates the weakness of social ties. Under the Qadhafi regime, the state was continually undermined by the tribes and militias. The state’s under developed resources were never used to produce national cohesion and territorial unity.

Spanish Nationalism Since 1975

Most Spaniards, including many intellectuals and influential public figures, have no difficulty claiming Spain is a multicultural and historical nation. However, to its defenders, this affirmation seems to fall entirely outside the category of nationalism, and instead lie in the realms of constitutional loyalty. In this chapter, the thesis is maintained that Spanish nationalist and patriotic discourse has existed and exists even more today, stimulated by the challenge posed by Catalan secessionism. Various Spanish nationalist discourses coexist and vie for hegemony, although they share a set of basic presuppositions. Amongst these is the indivisibility of sovereignty and the conviction that the Spanish political community rests on earlier historical and cultural foundations. However, regardless of divisions between right and left, all variants accept or defend the 1978 Constitution as a legitimate basis for maintaining the political and territorial unity of Spain, as well as its definition as a nation.

A database for the Aegyptiaca from the Iberian SW: Colonial Encounters and the ‘Mediterranization’ of the Atlantic Iberian Societies (8th to 5th centuries BC)

A preliminary study on the aegyptiaca in the Iberian Peninsula. It aims to understand the usages of Egyptian and ‘egyptianised’ material by Phoenicians and natives in the territory. Since such a thematic lacks consistent knowledge, it is interesting to propose new perspectives, by combining the Southwest part of the Peninsula.Thus, this paper aims to deal with the relationship between Phoenician traders and settlers with Celtic-speaking native tribes, throughout the study of material culture. It focuses the regions of Phoenician presence in Spanish Andalusia and Estremadura, plus the Portuguese regions of Algarve, Alentejo and Estremadura. Those regions formed a whole territorial unity – geographical and political – during the transition to Iron Age. Commercial contacts between those following generations of Phoenicians and native peoples (from what is nowadays Portugal) increased the Phoenician influence over the territory – especially the littoral area from the Algarve region to the Tagus estuary.

Picard: a mal aimé among regional languages?

ABSTRACTAlthough often seen as a medieval rival to French, Picard has received far less official recognition and support than more celebrated regional languages such as Breton or Occitan. A shared history and high degree of linguistic similarity with the national language appear to have engendered a perception that it is simply ‘bad French’, but for supporters such Eloy (1997) Picard remains potentiellement une vraie langue, worthy and in need of status enhancement initiatives enjoyed by other regional languages. Promotion of language status for Picard, however, is found to be fraught with practical difficulties, not least of which are a lack of territorial unity and major cultural differences between the north and south of the picardophone area. Equally importantly, the discourse of languagehood fosters notions of linguistic purity which ignore the extensive mixing of local, supralocal and national elements that has always been evident in Picard writing and speech. This in turn engenders linguistic insecurity, notably among urban working-class speakers, whose speech can all too easily be caricatured as both ‘bad French’ and ‘bad patois’, with obvious consequences for intergenerational transmission. The well-intentioned promotion of Picard as a regional language may therefore, perversely, be detrimental to the very varieties it serves.