Flight Path Planning of Robot for Environmental Measurement Considering Accuracy Assurance

Impact ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (10) ◽  
pp. 90-92
Author(s):  
Kae Doki ◽  
Yuki Funabora ◽  
Shinji Doki
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Highway Bridge ◽  
Climate Research ◽  
Small Uav ◽  
Inspection Process ◽  
Aerial View ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Infrastructure Inspection ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Small Team

Every day we are seeing an increasing number of robots being employed in our day-to-day lives. They are working in factories, cleaning our houses and may soon be chauffeuring us around in vehicles. The affordability of drones too has come down and now it is conceivable for most anyone to own a sophisticated unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). While fun to fly, these devices also represent powerful new tools for several industries. Anytime an aerial view is needed for a planning, surveillance or surveying, for example, a UAV can be deployed. Further still, equipping these vehicles with an array of sensors, for climate research or mapping, increases their capability even more. This gives companies, governments or researchers a cheap and safe way to collect vast amounts of data and complete tasks in remote or dangerous areas that were once impossible to reach. One area UAVs are proving to be particularly useful is infrastructure inspection. In countries all over the world large scale infrastructure projects like dams and bridges are ageing and in need of upkeep. Identifying which ones and exactly where they are in need of patching is a huge undertaking. Not only can this work be dangerous, requiring trained inspectors to climb these megaprojects, it is incredibly time consuming and costly. Enter the UAVs. With a fleet of specially equipped UAVs and a small team piloting them and interpreting the data they bring back the speed and safety of this work increases exponentially. The promise of UAVs to overturn the infrastructure inspection process is enticing, but there remain several obstacles to overcome. One is achieving the fine level of control and positioning required to navigate the robots around 3D structures for inspection. One can imagine that piloting a small UAV underneath a huge highway bridge without missing a single small crack is quite difficult, especially when the operators are safely on the ground hundreds of meters away. To do this knowing exactly where the vehicle is in space becomes a critical variable. The job can be made even easier if a flight plan based on set waypoints can be pre-programmed and followed autonomously by the UAV. It is exactly this problem that Dr Kae Doki from the Department of Electrical Engineering at Aichi Institute of Technology, and collaborators are focused on solving.

scholarly journals Determining the flow separation near a small UAV by unsteady pressure sensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 2057 (1) ◽  
pp. 012008
Author(s):  
P A Polivanov ◽  
A A Sidorenko
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Flow Separation ◽  
Coherent Structures ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Separation Flow ◽  
Pressure Pulsations ◽  
Small Uav ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

Abstract Experimental studies of pressure pulsations on the surface of a small unmanned aerial vehicle (SUAV) are carried out in a wind tunnel. The onset of the separation flow is determined on the basis of PIV and loads measurements. It is found that an increase of pressure pulsations does not always correspond to flow separation. The paper proposes to use correlation analysis to determine the flow separation by finding large-scale coherent structures generated by the separation.

Cost- und Monitoring-Projekt: Zwei neue forstliche Meinungsumfragen im Vergleich | The Cost- and Monitoring-Projects: A Comparison of Two New Forestry Opinion Polls

2000 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Wild-Eck ◽  
Willi Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
Forest Economics ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Swiss Confederation ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Opinion Polls

Two large-scale surveys looking at attitudes towards forests, forestry and forest policy in the second half ofthe nineties have been carried out. This work was done on behalf of the Swiss Confederation by the Chair of Forest Policy and Forest Economics of the Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich. Not only did the two studies use very different methods, but the results also varied greatly as far as infrastructure and basic conditions were concerned. One of the main differences between the two studies was the fact that the first dealt only with mountainous areas, whereas the second was carried out on the whole Swiss population. The results of the studies reflect these differences:each produced its own specific findings. Where the same (or similar) questions were asked, the answers highlight not only how the attitudes of those questioned differ, but also views that they hold in common. Both surveys showed positive attitudes towards forests in general, as well as a deep-seated appreciation ofthe forest as a recreational area, and a positive approach to tending. Detailed results of the two surveys will be available in the near future.

Extended Geometric Filter for Reconstruction as a Basis for Computational Inspection

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Miropolsky ◽  
Anath Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Computer Model ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Digital Design ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Inspection Process ◽  
Important Quality ◽  
Scan Data

The inspection of machined objects is one of the most important quality control tasks in the manufacturing industry. Contemporary scanning technologies have provided the impetus for the development of computational inspection methods, where the computer model of the manufactured object is reconstructed from the scan data, and then verified against its digital design model. Scan data, however, are typically very large scale (i.e., many points), unorganized, noisy, and incomplete. Therefore, reconstruction is problematic. To overcome the above problems the reconstruction methods may exploit diverse feature data, that is, diverse information about the properties of the scanned object. Based on this concept, the paper proposes a new method for denoising and reduction in scan data by extended geometric filter. The proposed method is applied directly on the scanned points and is automatic, fast, and straightforward to implement. The paper demonstrates the integration of the proposed method into the framework of the computational inspection process.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Forest Remote Sensing—A Systematic Review. Part II: Research Applications

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
Riccardo Dainelli ◽  
Piero Toscano ◽  
Salvatore Filippo Di Gennaro ◽  
Alessandro Matese
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spectral Signature ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Data Interoperability ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Management Context ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

Forest sustainable management aims to maintain the income of woody goods for companies, together with preserving non-productive functions as a benefit for the community. Due to the progress in platforms and sensors and the opening of the dedicated market, unmanned aerial vehicle–remote sensing (UAV–RS) is improving its key role in the forestry sector as a tool for sustainable management. The use of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) in precision forestry has exponentially increased in recent years, as demonstrated by more than 600 references published from 2018 until mid-2020 that were found in the Web of Science database by searching for “UAV”+“forest”. This result is even more surprising when compared with similar research for “UAV”+“agriculture”, from which emerge about 470 references. This shows how UAV–RS research forestry is gaining increasing popularity. In Part II of this review, analyzing the main findings of the reviewed papers (227), numerous strengths emerge concerning research technical issues. UAV–RS is fully applicated for obtaining accurate information from practical parameters (height, diameter at breast height (DBH), and biomass). Research effectiveness and soundness demonstrate that UAV–RS is now ready to be applied in a real management context. Some critical issues and barriers in transferring research products are also evident, namely,(1) hyperspectral sensors are poorly used, and their novel applications should be based on the capability of acquiring tree spectral signature especially for pest and diseases detection, (2) automatic processes for image analysis are poorly flexible or based on proprietary software at the expense of flexible and open-source tools that can foster researcher activities and support technology transfer among all forestry stakeholders, and (3) a clear lack exist in sensors and platforms interoperability for large-scale applications and for enabling data interoperability.

Form Follows Experience - Notes on the Functionality of Footbridges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Schreinemachers ◽  
Wiebe Strick
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Highway Bridge ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Pedestrian Bridges ◽  
The City ◽  
Prime Location ◽  
Natural Way

<p>Should a bridge always be functional and accessible? Should it always fulfil its purpose? This seemingly self- evident question is a key question in footbridge design that is oriented towards creating experiences.</p><p>Footbridges are able to successfully enriches our experience of a certain context or landscape, it cannot be functional all the time, under all environmental conditions, weather and seasons. A good example is the Zalige bridge designed as part of the Room for the River, a large-scale national program for inland flood- protection in the Netherlands. Build upon the floodplains within a newly created river-park by the city of Nijmegen, the Zalige bridge’s curved shape stands in direct relationship to the fluctuating water levels of the river. When water levels rise, the bridge partially submerges, becoming only accessible through steppingstones. At peak heights, the bridge disappears completely, becoming a metaphor for our relationship to the water.</p><p>“Building a bridge that fails to fulfil its sole purpose of containing the water; this can only be pulled off in the Netherlands.” – jury Dutch Design Awards about the Zalige bridge.</p><p>The loss of functionality is directly related to the creation of an experience. When the water levels rose in January 2018, the bridge became the prime location to experience the changing landscape. It shows that engineering a bridge is not solely focussed on the most efficient engineering, but for the purpose it fulfils as for society. For most pedestrian bridges where the perception of the user is on a different level as for a highway bridge, functionality provides more than just cost driven or efficiency driven parameters. It is more related to the added value for the community. When design not solemnly derives from the sheer taste and predilection of the designer but is based on the user’s experience, it generates a durable relation with a feeling of ownership of its users. The key is to create this experience in an elegant and natural way and not forced or dictated. It should be people's own unique discovery and should not be imposed.</p>

scholarly journals Current Status of the Norman Site, 34WG2

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis E. Vogle
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Wave Action ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Highway Bridge ◽  
Army Corps ◽  
Army Corps Of Engineers ◽  
Corps Of Engineers

As defined by Finkelstein in his description of excavations at the site, the Norman site currently is completely located within the waters of Fort Gibson Reservoir, a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE) lake on the Grand (Neosho) River in northeastern Oklahoma. Due to a combination of archeological excavations at the site during the 1930s and 1940s, pothunting, large-scale earthmoving activities associated with the construction of a nearby highway bridge, and approximately 50 years of wave action and seasonal inundation by Fort Gibson Reservoir, portions of Mounds I-1 and I-2 are all that remain of the Norman site.

scholarly journals Drone Journalism as Visual Aggregation: Toward a Critical History

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-74
Author(s):  
James F. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Visual Culture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Critical History ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
News Organizations ◽  
Aerial View ◽  
Data Journalism ◽  
Journalistic Practice ◽  
Statistical Summary

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs—commonly referred to as drones) in journalism has emerged only recently, and has grown significantly. This article explores what makes drone imagery as an instance of what scholars of visual culture call an aerial view so compelling for major news organizations as to warrant such attention and investment. To do this, the concept ‘visual aggregation’ is introduced to theorize the authority of drone imagery in conventional journalistic practice. Imagery produced through drone journalism is a visual analogy to statistical summary and, more recently, of what is referred to as data journalism. Just as these combine an aggregate of cases to produce an understanding of an overall trend, drone imagery aggregates space visually, its broad visual field revealing large-scale spatial patterns in ways analogous to the statistical capture/analysis of large bodies of data. The article then employs a cultural and historical approach to identify key points in the emergence of visual aggregation as authoritative truth. The aerial view as a claim to truth is manifest in a wide range of antecedent social formations, devices and practices prior to their amalgamation in what has today become drone journalism. This analysis aids understanding of how drone journalism is a response to the institutional crises of journalism today.

scholarly journals UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE APPLICATIONS OF 3D MODELLING, VISUALIZATION AND PARAMETER CALCULATIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-5 ◽  
pp. 649-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Lambey ◽  
A. D. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
3D Modelling ◽  
Aerial Photogrammetry ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Uav Images ◽  
Economical Alternative

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Photogrammetric surveying with the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) have gained vast popularity in short span. UAV have the potential to provide imagery at an extraordinary spatial and temporal resolution when coupled with remote sensing. Currently, UAV platforms are fastest and easiest source of data for mapping and 3D modelling. It is to be considered as a low-cost substitute to the traditional airborne photogrammetry. In the present study, UAV applications are explored in terms of 3D modelling, visualization and parameter calculations. National Institute of Technology Raipur, Raipur is chosen as study area and high resolution images are acquired from the UAV with 85% overlap. 3D model is processed through the point cloud generated for the UAV images. The results are compared with traditional methods for validation. The average accuracy obtained for elevation points and area is 97.99% and 97.75%. The study proves that UAV based surveying is an economical alternative in terms of money, time and resources, when compared to the classical aerial photogrammetry methods.</p>

Infrastructure Inspection Using an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) With Metamodeling-Based Image Correction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Ming Kuo ◽  
Chung-Hsin Kuo ◽  
Shu-Ping Lin ◽  
Mark Christian E. Manuel ◽  
Po Ting Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Kriging Model ◽  
Image Correction ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Truss Bridges ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Infrastructure Inspection ◽  
Steel Truss Bridges

Public infrastructures such as bridges are common civil structures for road and railway transport. In Poland, many of the steel truss bridges were constructed in the 1950s or earlier. The aging managements and damage assessments are required to ensure safe operations of these old bridges. The first step of damage assessment is usually done via visual inspection. The said inspection procedure can be expensive, laborious and dangerous as it is often performed by trained personnel. As a solution to this, we have developed and used a custom-designed, modular aerial robot equipped with a CCD camera for the collection of high-resolution images. The images were merged into one single, high-resolution facade map that will be the basis for subsequent evaluation by bridge inspectors. It was observed that the collected images had encountered irregularities which decreases the reliability of the facade map. We have conducted experiments to estimate the correction of image perspective in terms of attitude and position of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). A Kriging model was utilized to parametrically model the aforementioned nonlinear relationship. The image reliability is then evaluated based on the variance of the parametric model. The generated information is further used for high fidelity automated image correction and stitching.

Fundamental Techniques

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Jack Li ◽  
Chris Limberakis ◽  
Derek A. Pflum
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Nobel Laureate ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Chemistry Laboratory ◽  
Massachusetts Institute Of Technology ◽  
Environmental Health And Safety ◽  
Eye Protection ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Organic Chemistry Laboratory

What we do in a modern organic chemistry laboratory is serious business. While it can provide social benefit, basic scientific discoveries, and intellectual satisfaction, chemical experiment is not just fun, it can also be very hazardous, some experiments inherently so. Complacency is often observed by veterans and novices alike. One often forgets that chemistry is a potentially dangerous enterprise; a cavalier attitude often results in disastrous consequences. Therefore, extreme caution should be exercised at all time, especially when one handles large-scale reactions that are exothermic or when dealing with toxic chemicals. If a chemical splashes into your eyes, it could do serious and sometimes permanent damage to your vision. The most common forms of eye protection include safety glasses (with sideshields), goggles, and face shields. Prescription eye glasses are acceptable provided that the lenses are impact resistant and they are equipped with side shields. While at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Professor K. Barry Sharpless, the 2001 chemistry Nobel laureate, experienced an event that forever changed his life. Professor Sharpless normally wore his safety glasses, but one evening in 1970 he was examining a sealed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tube without safety glasses. Unfortunately for Professor Sharpless, the tube exploded, spraying glass fragments into one of his eyes. The damage was so severe that he lost functional vision in the injured eye. Professor Sharpless’s own words summarize the importance of eye protection, “The lesson to be learned from my experience is straightforward: there’s simply never an adequate excuse for not wearing safety glasses in the laboratory at all times” (Scripps Research Institutes’ Environmental Health and Safety Department Safety Gram, 2000 (2nd quarter), www.scripps.edu/researchservices/ehs/ News/safetygram/). Laboratory gloves are an essential part of safe laboratory practice and must be worn while handling chemicals. Despite practicing good safety techniques, tragedy may still strike.

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