Introduction
This introductory chapter provides an overview of Drinfeld's work on the global Langlands correspondence over function fields. Whereas the global Langlands correspondence is largely open in the case of number fields K, it is a theorem for function fields, due to Drinfeld and L. Lafforgue. The key innovation in this case is Drinfeld's notion of an X-shtuka (or simply shtuka). The Langlands correspondence for X is obtained by studying moduli spaces of shtukas. A large part of this course is about the definition of perfectoid spaces and diamonds. There is an important special case where the moduli spaces of shtukas are classical rigid-analytic spaces. This is the case of local Shimura varieties. Some examples of these are the Rapoport-Zink spaces.