Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Robert L. Tignor
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Race Relations ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
Public Life ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Manchester School

This introduction provides an overview of W. Arthur Lewis's biography. Three considerations that surfaced so forcefully in the aftermath of the World War II—decolonization, race relations, and economic growth—were preeminent issues in the life of W. Arthur Lewis. As a person of color who grew up in an impoverished and largely ignored corner of the British Empire, he devoted much of his academic career and public life to elucidating these matters and promoting a vision of a decolonized, color-blind, and prosperous community of independent nations. Lewis's contributions to the field of development economics were significant and pioneering and made him the founding figure of a wholly new branch of economics in the 1950s. His 1954 article on economic development using unlimited supplies of labor, published in Manchester School, was arguably the single most influential essay in this field.

scholarly journals Why Nations Fail? (Keynote Video Lecture)

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (4I-II) ◽  
pp. 301-312
Author(s):  
Daron Acemoglu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
World War ◽  
Great Pleasure ◽  
Video Lecture ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
End Of The World

First of all, it is a great pleasure to be here. Thank you for inviting me. Given that communicating from a far is not the easiest thing to do, what I have decided to do is to give a quick overview of the arguments that have emerged from the book that James and I wrote. In fact, this book is a synthesis of about 16 years of research that James and I did. I think it is fair to say that a lot of economic development and economic growth is motivated by patterns that are reported in the book. In particular, this is data from Angus Madison’s life’s work, which is not entirely uncontroversial, but the overall pattern here is fairly uncontroversial. The patterns that we observe have actually been in the background of many attempts to understand long patterns of economic development. I think they also point out that it is going to be very difficult to understand why certain parts of the world that were either on par with, say, Asia, in particular the Indian Subcontinent and China, have increased their income per capita and their prosperity so much in 500 years leading to today, particularly from the period around early 1800s to essentially to the end of the World War II, where there is this big divergence taking place. The trends in economic development show that United States of America, Canada, New Zealand and Australia have pulled so much ahead of, say, Asia, where both India, the Indian Subcontinent in this case, and China more or less show the same picture, where there is not much growth going on until the end of the World War II.

Economic and Political Geography

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabi S. Bhagat
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Political Geography ◽  
World War ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World

The development of the BRIC economies is being monitored on a regular basis by financial markets worldwide. This chapter discusses some of the reasons for their emergence and continued growth and the challenges they face. Next, it considers the third-largest economy, Japan, and the five Asian dragons, which grew at a phenomenal rate after World War II. It discusses “reactive modernization”—a path of fostering economic growth by negotiating with the ruling Western economies. Japan and South Korea are two classic examples of this kind of growth, where a hybrid of Western industrialization was combined with Eastern methods of operating. A closer inspection of the trading economies in the World Trade Organization would reveal that a growing number of them are from non-Western nations, and they play important roles in shaping the paths that globalizations need to follow in the new economic and political geography of the world.

Some Theoretical Aspects of Economic Development

1954 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
World War ◽  
Native Population ◽  
Political Independence ◽  
The World ◽  
Freedom Of Action

While the problem of economic development long has been a standard topic for economic historians, it has not been until recent years that most other modern economists have displayed a more dian casual interest in this subject. Two sets of factors have been particularly important in stimulating this new activity. The first, of course, concerns the ever-increasing efforts being made to accelerate economic development in the so-called “backward” regions of the world. Since World War II a number of the countries in the economically backward list have received eitfier complete political independence or a much greater degree of freedom. And one of the major ways they are using this new freedom of action is to plan and undertake extensive governmental development projects. For rightly or wrongly most of these countries feel that their former rulers thwarted the type of economic development most beneficial to the native population, and they are almost fanatically anxious to remedy this condition.

scholarly journals Plasticity of Contemporary Racism: Postcolonial Model Anomalies and Emergence of Castles-Kosack 1973 Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Antonio Cansinos
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Race Relations ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Migrant Labor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
World War ◽  
Labor Theory ◽  
The World

Although contemporary racism has been interpreted from a large number of perspectives, since the end of World War II, its nature was associated with Colonialism, a type of analysis based on the approach of race relations and complemented by the approach of the world-system. The present study develops a comparative analysis between the postcolonial model and the model generated by Stephen Castles and Godula Kosack in 1973 (occasionally Migrant labor theory or Political economy of migration theory). The conclusions of our research suggest that the second model supports an adequate investigative capacity in its analysis, by focusing its explanations on the mobility of the massive flows of the non-spontaneous labor force (large masses of reserve workers) that arise from the capitalist needs. In this way, this paper offers guidelines that can help future research on explanatory models of contemporary racism.

6. Inequality

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Developing World ◽  
World War ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Relative Inequality ◽  
The World ◽  
Simon Kuznets ◽  
Ongoing Concern

This chapter examines the key conceptual debates on inequality that were common until the end of World War II and the birth of the field of ‘development’. Two inequality-related questions have dominated development debates for decades. Firstly, does growth inevitably lead to inequality? And if so, does it matter, as long as poverty declines? The debates around these questions began in the 1950s with Simon Kuznets’ introduction of the ‘inverted-U hypothesis’, which posited that relative inequality increases, but only temporarily, in the early stages of economic growth, improving once countries reach middle-income levels. The chapter considers the politics and economics of inequality in the developing world as well as inequalities in the age of globalization. It concludes with an assessment of the World Bank’s incorporation of the goal of ‘shared prosperity’ in its discourse alongside its ongoing concern to reduce poverty.

Political Economy of Turkey since the End of World War II

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Şevket Pamuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Political System ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
World War ◽  
Social Actors

This chapter examines the interaction between economic growth, the leading social actors, the state, and the global economic system in Turkey. The country’s long-term record in economic growth and human development has been close to world averages and a little above developing country averages. Turkey has experienced serious difficulties in establishing a pluralistic, open, and stable political system since 1950. While class cleavages have always mattered, equally important have been identity cleavages at both the societal and elite levels, most importantly between secularists and Islamists and between Turkish and Kurdish nationalists. These cleavages had negative consequences for state capacity and its ability to implement rules-based economic policies. The recurring tensions between the competing elites, the mixed outcomes associated with state interventionism, and the periods of political instability have made it difficult to attain a stronger record of economic development.

Endogenous Democratization

2003 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carles Boix ◽  
Susan C. Stokes
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
Model Specification ◽  
World War ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
To Come ◽  
Democratic Stability

The authors show that economic development increases the probability that a country will undergo a transition to democracy. These results contradict the finding of Przeworski and his associates, that development causes democracy to last but not to come into existence in the first place. By dealing adequately with problems of sample selection and model specification, the authors discover that economic growth does cause nondemocracies to democratize. They show that the effect of economic development on the probability of a transition to democracy in the hundred years between the mid-nineteenth century and World War II was substantial, indeed, even stronger than its effect on democratic stability. They also show that, in more recent decades, some countries that developed but remained dictatorships would, because of their development, be expected to democratize in as few as three years after achieving a per capita income of $12,000 per capita.

Why Isn't the Whole World Developed?

1981 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Easterlin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Formal Schooling ◽  
World War ◽  
New Production ◽  
Almost Everywhere ◽  
Modern Economic Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Modern Economic

The worldwide spread of modern economic growth has depended chiefly on the diffusion of a body of knowledge concerning new production techniques. The acquisition and application of this knowledge by different countries has been governed largely by whether their populations have acquired traits and motivations associated with formal schooling. To judge from the historical experience of the world's twenty-five largest nations, the establishment and expansion of formal schooling has depended in large part on political conditions and ideological influences. The limited spread of modern economic growth before World War II has thus been due, at bottom, to important political and ideological differences throughout the world that affected the timing of the establishment and expansion of mass schooling. Since World War II there has been growing uniformity among the nations of the world, modern education systems have been established almost everywhere, and the spread of modern economic growth has noticeably accelerated.

Economic Development and Institutional Change, 1820–1914

2018 ◽  
pp. 134-155
Author(s):  
Şevket Pamuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
World War I ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
World War ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Parts

This chapter studies the record in economic growth, income distribution, and human development for the areas within present-day borders of Turkey in both absolute and relative terms. Turkey's economy opened to foreign trade and foreign investment and specialization in agriculture increased during the nineteenth century. While the share of manufacturing activities declined, agricultural production for markets, both domestic and foreign, expanded, especially in the coastal regions. The chapter shows that the spread of industrialization around the world was quite uneven during the nineteenth century. The extent to which industrialization proceeded in different parts of the world can help explain much of the variation in economic growth observed worldwide until World War I.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document