Chasing Martians

2020 ◽  
pp. 261-270
Author(s):  
David A. Weintraub
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal System ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Subsurface Environment ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Abundant Supply ◽  
River Valleys

This chapter reviews the question of whether life could exist on Mars today as certain conditions must hold true in order for chemically based life to develop and take root. It points out that Mars has ancient, dried-up river valleys, deltas, and lake-like formations, and the Sun shines brightly on Mars. It also describes Mars' abundant supply of atmosphere and soil that supply a handful of bio-essential elements: carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, phosphorous, and sulfur. The chapter looks at evidence that was summarized in 2016 by Ray Arvidson and James S. McDonnell, which reveals multiple time periods when Mars was warm enough and wet enough for long enough to support life. It mentions the Opportunity rover that explored the ancient wide Endeavor Crater and found that the crater generated a hydrothermal system that would have produced a relatively habitable subsurface environment.

Greenhouses, hot water bottles, cycles and the future of New Zealand climate

2009 ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
W.P. De Lange
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Almost All

The Greenhouse Effect acts to slow the escape of infrared radiation to space, and hence warms the atmosphere. The oceans derive almost all of their thermal energy from the sun, and none from infrared radiation in the atmosphere. The thermal energy stored by the oceans is transported globally and released after a range of different time periods. The release of thermal energy from the oceans modifies the behaviour of atmospheric circulation, and hence varies climate. Based on ocean behaviour, New Zealand can expect weather patterns similar to those from 1890-1922 and another Little Ice Age may develop this century.

scholarly journals Evolution of anatomical concept usage over time: Mining 200 years of biodiversity literature

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashanti Manda ◽  
Todd J Vision
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Concept Drift ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Temporal Data Mining ◽  
Temporal Data ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Historic Record ◽  
Concept Usage ◽  
Over Time

The scientific literature contains an historic record of the changing ways in which we describe the world. Shifts in understanding of scientific concepts are reflected in the introduction of new terms and the changing usage and context of existing ones. We conducted an ontology-based temporal data mining analysis of biodiversity literature from the 1700s to 2000s to quantitatively measure how the context of usage for vertebrate anatomical concepts has changed over time. The corpus of literature was divided into nine non-overlapping time periods with comparable amounts of data and context vectors of anatomical concepts were compared to measure the magnitude of concept drift both between adjacent time periods and cumulatively relative to the initial state. Surprisingly, we found that while anatomical concept drift between adjacent time periods was substantial (55% to 68%), it was of the same magnitude as cumulative concept drift across multiple time periods. Such a process, bound by an overall mean drift, fits the expectations of a mean-reverting process.

Structural elaboration in police organizations: an exploration

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia L. Jurek ◽  
Matthew C. Matusiak ◽  
Randa Embry Matusiak
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Police Departments ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Police Organizations ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Multiple Time Points ◽  
American Police

Purpose The current research explores the structural elaboration of municipal American police organizations, specifically, the structural complexity of police organizations and its relationship to time. The purpose of this paper is to describe and test essential elements of the structural elaboration hypothesis. Design/methodology/approach The authors explore the structural elaboration hypothesis utilizing a sample of 219 large police departments across the USA. Data are drawn from multiple waves of the Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics survey and are analyzed using tobit and OLS regression techniques. Findings While there is some evidence that police departments are becoming more elaborate, little evidence for the structural elaboration hypothesis as a function of time is found. Originality/value This project is the first to specifically explore the structural elaboration hypothesis across multiple time points. Additionally, results highlight structural trends across a panel of large American police organizations and provide potential explanations for changes. Suggestions for large-scale policing data collection are also provided.

Women’s Bodies, Femininity, and Spacetimemattering: A Baradian Analysis of the Activewear Phenomenon

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Julie E. Brice
Keyword(s):  
International Business ◽  
Female Body ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Women's Bodies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Feminist Politics ◽  
Alternative Perspective ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Hegemonic Femininity

Over the past decade, activewear has become a booming international business and cultural phenomenon. It has simultaneously been critiqued for its pervasive neoliberal, postfeminist, and healthism rhetoric and the ways it continues to (re)produce hegemonic femininity. In this paper, the author drew upon new materialist theory, specifically Karen Barad’s concept of spacetimemattering, to contribute to this body of literature, providing an alternative perspective on the production of femininity and feminist politics within activewear. Using a Baradian-inspired approach, this paper brought various material-discourses and events from multiple time periods into dialogue with the activewear phenomenon to (re)think the production of femininity. Specifically, the analysis explored how activewear entanglements across various spatiotemporalities challenge appearance-based femininity and increase the visibility (and acceptance) of the moving female body. Through this exploration, the author provided a way to (re)imagine feminist politics that are embedded in women’s everyday fitness practices.

River flow forecasting for multiple time periods

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald H. Burn
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filtering ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Forecast Accuracy ◽  
Forecasting Model ◽  
Lead Times ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Filtering Algorithm ◽  
River Flow Forecasting ◽  
Forecast Precision ◽  
Time Periods

The performance of a river flow forecasting model employing a Kalman filtering algorithm was evaluated for increasing forecast lead times. The expected decrease in forecast accuracy was quantified and a decrease in forecast precision was noted for increased lead times. The merits of external estimates of meteorological inputs to the model were evaluated through an examination of different forecasting options. It was revealed that even noisy estimates of meteorological events improved the flow forecasts. Key words: forecasting, Kalman filter, real time, precipitation, snowmelt.

Development of rail transit network over multiple time periods

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 235-250
Author(s):  
Ya-Ting Peng ◽  
Zhi-Chun Li ◽  
Paul Schonfeld
Keyword(s):  
Rail Transit ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Transit Network ◽  
Time Periods

An Examination of the Temporal Intricacies of Job Engagement

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1711-1735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morela Hernandez ◽  
Cristiano L. Guarana
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Organizational Identification ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Multinational Company ◽  
Job Engagement ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Psychological Meaningfulness

In this article, we theoretically develop and test the temporal intricacies of job engagement. Drawing on the attention view of social cognition, we examine the interplay of employees’ temporally relevant perspectives of fit (i.e., retrospected, current, and anticipated) within their ongoing membership to the organization. Utilizing field data gathered from a large multinational company over multiple time periods, we found support for a conditional indirect effect model. Specifically, our findings showed that current needs-supply (NS) fit accounted for two of the previously investigated antecedents of job engagement (i.e., psychological meaningfulness and safety), especially when organizational identification was low. Moreover, anticipated perceptions of NS fit fully mediated the influences of psychological meaningfulness and availability on job engagement. The mediating effect relating to psychological availability was also especially pronounced when organizational identification was low. By shedding light on employees’ temporally constructed psychological experiences, our research suggests that job engagement is not only affected by employees’ contemporaneous understandings of their jobs but also influenced by their perceptions of anticipated opportunities.

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