scholarly journals METHODS AND FORMS OF SELF-ORGANIZATION OF DIFFERENT AGE’S COMMUNITIES IN EVENT-BASED NETWORKS OF NON-FORMALIZED EDUCATION

Author(s):  
Марина Сергеевна Якушкина ◽  
Марина Римантасовна Илакавичус

Введение. Неформальное (или неформализованное) образование рассматривается сегодня как сфера услуг, направленная на удовлетворение потребностей населения. Вместе с тем обращается внимание на потенциал неформализованного образования отвечать на запросы общества в трансляции ценностных ориентаций, идеалов, способов и форм социальной деятельности и, по сути, влиять на трансформацию современного гражданского общества, динамику личности сограждан. Необходимо отметить, что нормативно-правовая база сферы неформализованного образования, достаточная для интенсивного развития и активной подготовки его субъектов, отсутствует. Для продвижения образовательной деятельности структур неформализованного образования необходим поиск способов и форм подготовки субъектов, способных выстраивать событийные образовательные сети. Цель – представить характеристику способов и форм самоорганизации разновозрастных сообществ, реализуемых в развивающихся событийных сетях с активным использованием практик сферы неформального образования (они трактуются в литературе как динамическая совокупность взаимосвязанных друг с другом педагогических событий). Материал и методы. Выявление на основе анализа отечественных и зарубежных исследований научных работ, результаты которых можно трактовать как способы разрешения проблем, обозначенных в данной разработке, методы моделирования, анализа и обобщения педагогического опыта, педагогические опросы, интервьюирование, включенное наблюдение, общественно инициированная и организованная экспертиза. Результаты и обсуждение. Обосновано: если речь идет об образовательном учреждении, где активно развиваются событийные практики сферы неформального образования, важно создать условия, чтобы (само)организация разновозрастной (прежде всего с участием детей и взрослых) общности стала приоритетным процессом в образовательной организации. Результативные формы самоорганизации разновозрастных сообществ, активно использующих практики сферы неформального образования: школьные общности неформального общения (клубы, музыкальные группы, проч.), семья (семейное образование и досуг); читательские клубы по интересам; религиозные сообщества прихожан; группы путешественников и участников экскурсионных маршрутов. Способы самоорганизации разновозрастных сообществ, активно использующих образовательные практики сферы неформального образования: игровая и проектная деятельность, самостоятельная групповая творческая деятельность, краудсорсинг, участие в социальных сетевых сообществах. Заключение. Деятельность разновозрастных сообществ в сфере неформального образования по созданию событийных образовательных сетей требует изменений в деятельности руководителей системы формализованного образования, в том числе в создании условий для детей и взрослых и соответствующим образом организованной территории для неформального приложения творческих сил и фантазии. Introduction. Non-formalized (the notion «non-formal» is often used) education is considered today as a service sector aimed at meeting the needs of the population. At the same time, attention is drawn to the ability of non-formalized education to respond to the needs of society in the translation of value orientations, ideals, methods and forms of social activity and, in fact, influence the transformation of society, the development of its citizens. At the same time, the scope of non-formalized education still has an insufficient regulatory framework for the intensive development and active preparation of its subjects. To promote the educational activities of non-formalized education structures, it is necessary to search for methods and forms of training for subjects capable of building event-based educational networks. The purpose of the article is to analyze the methods and forms of the (self)organization of different age’s communities in the development of event networks of non-formalized education. We are considering it as a dynamic set of interrelated pedagogical events). Material and methods. Analysis of domestic and foreign literature on the research problem, modeling, comparative analysis and generalization of pedagogical experience, opinion polls, interviewing, observation, public examination method. Results and discussion. It is justified: if it is an educational institution where event practices of non-formalized education are actively developing, it is important to make the (self)organization of different age’s adult-child communities as a dominant process. Effective forms of (self)organization of non-formalized education of differentaged communities: school informal communities (clubs, music groups, etc.), family (family education and leisure); hobby reader’s clubs; religious communities of parishioners, groups of travelers and participants of excursion routes. Methods of (self)organization of different age’s communities in the fields of non-formalized education: game and project activities, independent group creative activity, crowdsourcing, participation in social network communities. Conclusion. The activities of different age’s communities in the fields of non-formalized education in creating event-based educational networks require changes in the activities of the leaders of the formalized education system, including the creation of conditions for children and adults and an appropriately organized territory for the nonformalized application of creative forces and imagination.

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1152
Author(s):  
Tatyana Kirila ◽  
Anna Smirnova ◽  
Alla Razina ◽  
Andrey Tenkovtsev ◽  
Alexander Filippov

The water–salt solutions of star-shaped six-arm poly-2-alkyl-2-oxazines and poly-2-alkyl-2-oxazolines were studied by light scattering and turbidimetry. The core was hexaaza[26]orthoparacyclophane and the arms were poly-2-ethyl-2-oxazine, poly-2-isopropyl-2-oxazine, poly-2-ethyl-2-oxazoline, and poly-2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline. NaCl and N-methylpyridinium p-toluenesulfonate were used as salts. Their concentration varied from 0–0.154 M. On heating, a phase transition was observed in all studied solutions. It was found that the effect of salt on the thermosensitivity of the investigated stars depends on the structure of the salt and polymer and on the salt content in the solution. The phase separation temperature decreased with an increase in the hydrophobicity of the polymers, which is caused by both a growth of the side radical size and an elongation of the monomer unit. For NaCl solutions, the phase separation temperature monotonically decreased with growth of salt concentration. In solutions with methylpyridinium p-toluenesulfonate, the dependence of the phase separation temperature on the salt concentration was non-monotonic with minimum at salt concentration corresponding to one salt molecule per one arm of a polymer star. Poly-2-alkyl-2-oxazine and poly-2-alkyl-2-oxazoline stars with a hexaaza[26]orthoparacyclophane core are more sensitive to the presence of salt in solution than the similar stars with a calix[n]arene branching center.


Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mykola Chausov ◽  
Janette Brezinová ◽  
Andrii Pylypenko ◽  
Pavlo Maruschak ◽  
Liudmyla Titova ◽  
...  

A simple technological method is proposed and tested experimentally, which allows for the improvement of mechanical properties in sheet two-phase high-strength titanium alloys VT23 and VT23M on the finished product (rolled metal), due to impact-oscillatory loading. Under impact-oscillatory loading and dynamic non-equilibrium processes (DNP) are realized in titanium alloys, leading to the self-organization of the structure. As a result, the mechanical properties of titanium alloys vary significantly with subsequent loading after the realization of DNP. In this study, the test modes are found, which can be used in the production conditions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 270-281
Author(s):  
Stefan Bitter ◽  
Moritz Schlötter ◽  
Markus Schilling ◽  
Marina Krumova ◽  
Sebastian Polarz ◽  
...  

The self-organization properties of a stimuli responsive amphiphile can be altered by subjecting the paramagnetic oxidized form to a magnetic field of 0.8 T and monitored in real time by coupling optical birefringence with dynamic light scattering.


2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (15) ◽  
pp. E3091-E3100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogier Braakman ◽  
Michael J. Follows ◽  
Sallie W. Chisholm

Metabolism mediates the flow of matter and energy through the biosphere. We examined how metabolic evolution shapes ecosystems by reconstructing it in the globally abundant oceanic phytoplankterProchlorococcus. To understand what drove observed evolutionary patterns, we interpreted them in the context of its population dynamics, growth rate, and light adaptation, and the size and macromolecular and elemental composition of cells. This multilevel view suggests that, over the course of evolution, there was a steady increase inProchlorococcus’ metabolic rate and excretion of organic carbon. We derived a mathematical framework that suggests these adaptations lower the minimal subsistence nutrient concentration of cells, which results in a drawdown of nutrients in oceanic surface waters. This, in turn, increases total ecosystem biomass and promotes the coevolution of all cells in the ecosystem. Additional reconstructions suggest thatProchlorococcusand the dominant cooccurring heterotrophic bacterium SAR11 form a coevolved mutualism that maximizes their collective metabolic rate by recycling organic carbon through complementary excretion and uptake pathways. Moreover, the metabolic codependencies ofProchlorococcusand SAR11 are highly similar to those of chloroplasts and mitochondria within plant cells. These observations lead us to propose a general theory relating metabolic evolution to the self-amplification and self-organization of the biosphere. We discuss the implications of this framework for the evolution of Earth’s biogeochemical cycles and the rise of atmospheric oxygen.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document