scholarly journals A Review On Sub-Surface Flow Constructed Wetlands In Tropical And Sub-Tropical Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dadan Sudana Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Artificial Wetland ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Natural Wetlands ◽  
The Media ◽  
Cyperus Alternifolius

Water pollution is mostly caused by direct disposal of waste to the ground or river without prior treatment. Several methods had been proposed to overcome the pollution, e.g. by treating the waste prior disposal or by applying artificial wetland systems (constructed wetlands) to treat domestic wastewater. Artificial wetland systems (constructed wetlands) resembles water treatment processes in natural wetlands, that utilizes hydrophytes to symbiose with the microorganisms in the media around the rhizosphere of the plants. A good example of the plant is Cyperus alternifolius, a plant that grows rapidly in wet environments. This plant has a triangular stem, with adult stem height ranged between 0.5-1.5 m. Organic materials contained in the wastewater will be cleaved by the microorganisms into simpler compounds and will be consumed by the plants as a nutrient, while the root system of aquatic plants will produce oxygen that can be used as a source of energy or catalyst for a series of metabolic processes for heterotropic aerobic microorganism. In general, horizontal flow SSF-Constructed Wetlands (hSSF-CW) is being used continuously and applied in many tropical countries. SSF-CW is a good choice for wastewater treatment due to its low maintenance costs and simple operational.

Functions of Macrophytes in Constructed Wetlands

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Brix
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Wetland Plant ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Flow Systems ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
Uptake Of Nutrients ◽  
Quantitative Importance

Macrophytes have several intrinsic properties that makes them an indispensable component of constructed wetlands. The most important functions of the macrophytes in relation to the treatment of wastewater are the physical effects brought about by the presence of the plants. The macrophytes stabilise the surface of the beds, provide good conditions for physical filtration, prevent vertical flow systems from clogging, insulate against frost during winter, and provide a huge surface area for attached microbial growth. Contrary to earlier belief, the growth of macrophytes does not increase the hydraulic conductivity of the substrate in soil-based subsurface flow constructed wetlands. The metabolism of the macrophytes affects the treatment processes to different extents depending on the design of the constructed wetland. Plant uptake of nutrients is only of quantitative importance in low-loaded systems (surface flow systems). Macrophyte-mediated transfer of oxygen to the rhizosphere by leakage from roots increases aerobic degradation of organic matter and nitrification. The macrophytes have additional site-specific values by providing habitat for wildlife and making wastewater treatment systems aesthetically pleasing.

scholarly journals Lampiran 5D paper Sulphate removal from wastewater in constructed wetland ecotechnology using pumice amended in the sand media

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philiphi de Rozari
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Microbial Activities ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
The Media ◽  
Sulphate Removal ◽  
All Treatment

Sulphate is a part of sulphur compounds which potentially inhibit plant growth and microbial activities in receiving surface water. Thus, it is important to remove concentration of sulphate from wastewater to acceptable concentration before the water is released into aquatic system. Constructed wetlands (CWs) are good option of wastewater treatments due to their lowcost and eco technology. This research aimed to investigate the removal of sulphate from domestic wastewater using sand media amendment with pumice in CWs. In this experiment, six variations of CWs consisting sand and pumice planted with lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) were established. Domestic wastewater was loaded into CWs with loading rate 2 L/day. Sulphate concentrations were determined in inflows and outflows. The results showed that all treatment significantly remove sulphate concentrations from the inflow. The highest removal efficiency was in the media with 100% of pumice

scholarly journals PARAMETERS EVALUATION OF MUNICIPAL WASTE WATER AFTER TREATMENT USING SUB SURFACE FLOW CONSTRUCTED WETLAND IN EKANT PARK BHOPAL

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Shalini Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Public Park ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Natural Wetlands

Land areas which are wet during part or all of the year are referred as wetlands. Constructed wetlands are manmade systems that mimic the functions of natural wetlands and applied for wastewater treatment. Aim of the present study is to investigate the feasibility of using a Tracheophyte, Phragmiteskarka in constructed wetland for treatment of wastewater in an public park. The daily inlet and outlet wastewater physico-chemical parameters were analysed during the period of two months. The parameters studied were pH, BOD, COD, DO, Total Suspended Solids, Total Dissolved Solids, Nitrogen and Phosphorus. The percentage removal of the parameters were analysed and studied until the percent removal rate gets stabilized. The study showed that the subsurface flow constructed wetlands are best alternative among modern treatments.

scholarly journals Analisis Keberlanjutan Pengendalian Pencemaran Air Limbah Domestik Menggunakan Constructed Wetlands Teknik Surface Flow (SF)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Iga Maliga ◽  
Chay Asdak ◽  
Efan Yudha Winata
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Management Process ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
River Contamination

Along with the significant increase of population in Bandung City at the moment, domestic wastewater management process must be considered to avoid river contamination, which one of the causes is domestic wastewater disposal without any prior management process. This study is located in Bandung City, which the research was performed in Research Center for Water Resources Office (PUSAIR) Bandung by involving residents of RW 09 Kelurahan Dago as respondents. The method used in this research is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. This study aims to analyze the sustainability of the domestic wastewater management process which is carried out using constructed wetlands by considering the economic, environmental, social, and technological aspects. The result shows that the sustainability value of the domestic wastewater management process conducted in the PUSAIR office is approximately 65.2% with the status of moderate sustainability. The detail result of each aspects is economic dimension 62.5%; ecological dimension 75%; social dimension 33.3%; and technological dimension 90%.Keywords: Domestic wastewater, Constructed wetlands, Surface flow techniques, Sustainability analysis

scholarly journals Lampiran 1G Paper The Use of Pumice Amended with Sand Media for Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands Planted with Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philiphi de Rozari
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽  
The Media

The performance efficiency in constructed wetlands (CWs) technology is primarily affected by the media material and the types of plants used. Recently, investigations into the usage of local materials and plants in CWs has increased. Pumice is a material which is potential used as a media. However, research on amendment of pumice with other media in CWs is still limited. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the potential of pumice amended with sand media and planted with lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) in CWs to remove organic matter, suspended solids, nutrients, and coliform. The adsorbents were characterized using X-ray diffraction, FTIR and XRF followed by adsorption experiments for PO4–P. Furthermore, Six vertical flow (VF) mesocosms with a diameter of 10.2cm and 55cm depth were established over six months. The treatments were based on percentage of sand media amended with pumice and planted with lemongrass. Furthermore, the barren media were applied to investigate the effect of lemongrass. The loading rate of domestic wastewater into the VF mesocosms was 2 L/day while inflows and outflows were determined for nutrients, organic matter, suspended solids and coliform. The adsorption of PO4–P followed the Langmuir model with adsorption capacity was 0.089 and 0.067 mol/g for pumice and sand, respectively. The results also showed that the removal efficiency of TSS, COD, NO3–N, NO2–N, PO4–P and total coliforms were in the range of 93.7–97.3 %, 52–83 %, 63–86 %, 51–74%, 81–88 % and 92–97 %, respectively. Based on the results, the highest removal efficiency was observed in the sand media amended with 50 % pumice and planted with lemongrass, while the lowest was found in the barren sand media.

scholarly journals Lampiran 3B Paper Penurunan Konsentrasi BOD5, COD dan Padatan Tersuspensi pada Air Limbah dengan Menggunakan Teknologi Lahan Basah Buatan (Constructed Wetland)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philiphi de Rozari
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
The Media ◽  
Promising Solution

Constructed wetlands are a promising solution technology to effectively treat domestic wastewater in developing countries at low cost. This paper reports the findings of the effectiveness of sand planted with Thypa latifolia with variation of the length of outflow measured from the bottom of the media in removing BOD5, COD, and suspended solids. The experimental design consisted of 12 vertical flow (VF) mesocosms. There were 3 treatments and one control based on the with variation of the length of outflow measured from the bottom of the media (7, 14, and 21 cm). During the five months, the mesocosms were loaded with syntethic wastewater. The influent had a 2-day hydraulic retention time. Samples were monitored for BOD5, COD and TSS. The results showed the concetration of BOD5, COD and TSS reduced significantly after the wastewater were treated with constructed wetland systems. The trend showed that the constructed wetland systems planted with Thypa latifolia had a better performance in comparison with the control. There were no significant differences of BOD5 COD, and suspended solid outflow among 7, 14 and 21 of constructed wetland systems. This indicated that the length of outflow measured from the bottom of the media did not influence the performance of constructed wetland systems in removing BOD5, COD and TSS

Use of engineered wetlands for onsite treatment of wastewater by the local communities: Experiences from Tanzania

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Njau ◽  
W. J. S. Mwegoha ◽  
R. J. Kimwaga ◽  
J. H. Y. Katima
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Teachers College ◽  
Operation And Maintenance ◽  
Wide Range

Since its inception about 10 years ago, Constructed Wetlands (CWs) technology has been well received in Tanzania due to a wide range of functions. CWs are used to treat wastewater from municipal systems, pulp and paper industries, prisons, schools and colleges. Among the recipients of CWs are the Moshi Urban Water and Sewerage Authority (MUWSA) for polishing Waste Stabilization Ponds effluents, Kibo Paper Mills for treating industrial effluents, Shinyanga, Malya and Bariadi Prison and Kleruu Teachers College and Ruaha High School for Treatment of domestic wastewater. All these systems are Horizontal Sub-Surface Flow Constructed Wetlands. This paper reports on results of a survey of the six (6) mentioned operating CW systems, focusing on the existing situation and the observed operation and maintenance challenges and needs. The survey was carried by visiting the CWs and sampling for determination of BOD5, COD, PO42-, NO3-N, and NH3-N. Results from the survey and laboratory analyses in three of these CWs indicated lack of general and site-specific operation and maintenance guidelines, which seriously affect life of these systems, aesthetics and performance of pollutant removal. This is evidenced by failure of these systems to meet local and international permissible discharge limits to the receiving water bodies.

Nitrate removal from water by using Cyperus alternifolius plants in surface flow constructed wetlands

2021 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 197-205
Author(s):  
Reza Nazarpoor ◽  
Masumeh Farasati ◽  
Hasan Fathaabadi ◽  
Mohamad Gholizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Cyperus Alternifolius ◽  
Surface Flow Constructed Wetlands
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