scholarly journals KETAHANAN TIGA SPESIES ARACHIS TERHADAP BERCAK DAUN AKHIR (CERCOSPORIDIUM PERSONATUM BERK. ET CURT.) PADA PEMBERIAN DAN TANPA PEMBERIAN MANKOZEB

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Setyo Dwi Utomo ◽  
Hasriadi Mat Akin
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Cercosporidium Personatum ◽  
Resistant Parent ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

The resistance of three species of Arachis to late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum) with and without application of mankozeb.  The use of  resistant cultivars and application of fungicide are effective means to control late leafspot.  Resistant genotypes of peanut is required as a parent for hibridization to develop high-yielding cultivars resistant to late leaf spot.  The objective of this study were to evaluate the resistance of 11 genotypes from three species of Arachis to  late leaf spot (C. personatum) with and without application of mankozeb.  The experiment was arangged ia a split splot design with three replications.  The main plots were  fungicide treatment (treated and untreated).  Fungicide mankozeb ( 4 g/l, 500 l/ha) was applied at 28, 40, 52, 64 and 76 days after planting.  The sub-plots were genotypes of species Arachis, i.e.,   7 lines of cultivated peanut (Archis hypogaea) from ICRISAT, 2 national varieties (Gajah and Kelinci),  and two wild species (A. cardenasii, and A. pintoi).  The two wild species were imune to late leaf spot so that they can be utilized as resistant parent in wide hybridization to develop a superior cultivars.  ICGV 88262 was more resistant than Gajah and Kelinci.  Because its yield tend to be lower than Gajah and Kelinci, ICGV 88262 also can be utilized as resistant parent in hibridization.  Mankozeb was efective and substantially reduced yield losses of cv. Gajah.  Mankozeb should be aplied in cultivation of cv. Gajah to control late leafspot.

scholarly journals Characterization of rust, early and late leaf spot resistance in wild and cultivated peanut germplasm

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Pereira Fávero ◽  
Sérgio Almeida de Moraes ◽  
Antonio Augusto Franco Garcia ◽  
José Francisco Montenegro Valls ◽  
Natal Antonio Vello
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Cercosporidium Personatum ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Puccinia Arachidis ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Late Leaf Spot Resistance

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) has an AB genome and is one of the most important oil crops in the world. The main constraints of crop management in Brazil are fungal diseases. Several species of the genus Arachis are resistant to pests and diseases. The objective of our experiments was to identify wild species belonging to the taxonomic section Arachis with either A or B (or " non-A" ) genomes that are resistant to early leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola), late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum) and rust (Puccinia arachidis). For the identification of genotypes resistant to fungal diseases, bioassays with detached leaves were done in laboratory conditions, with artificial inoculation, a controlled temperature of 25ºC and a photoperiod of 10 h light/14 h dark, for 20-42 days, depending on the fungi species. Most of the accessions of wild species were more resistant than accessions of A. hypogaea for one, two or all three fungi species studied. Arachis monticola, considered to be a possible tetraploid ancestor or a derivative of A. hypogaea, was also more susceptible to Cercosporidium personatum and Puccinia arachidis, as compared to most of the wild species. Therefore, wild germplasm accessions of both genome types are available to be used for the introgression of resistance genes against three fungal diseases of peanut.

Applications of Mixtures of Copper Fungicides and Chlorothalonil for Management of Peanut Leaf Spot Diseases

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Culbreath ◽  
T. B. Brenneman ◽  
R. C. Kemerait
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Copper Oxychloride ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
Cercosporidium Personatum ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Copper Fungicides

Management of early leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola) and late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum) of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) in the southeastern U.S. is dependent upon multiple applications of foliar fungicides. Field experiments were conducted from 1997 to 2000 to compare the efficacy of mixtures of copper hydroxide or copper oxychloride and reduced rates of chlorothalonil with that of full rates of chlorothalonil alone or chlorothalonil + propiconazole. In all tests, rates per ha of 0.70 kg of chlorothalonil + 0.70 kg of copper oxychloride or higher provided leaf spot control that was similar (P > 0.05) to that achieved with standard rates of chlorothalonil (0.84 kg/ha) + propiconazole (0.063 kg/ha). Application of chlorothalonil at 0.56 kg/ha + copper oxychloride at 0.56 kg/ha controlled leaf spot as well as (P > 0.05) chlorothalonil alone at 1.26 kg/ha in five of six tests in which that treatment was evaluated. In three of four tests in 1998 and 1999, application of chlorothalonil at 0.63 kg/ha + copper hydroxide at 0.63 kg/ha controlled leaf spot as well as chlorothalonil alone at 1.26 kg/ha. In both tests in 2000, application of chlorothalonil at 0.84 kg/ha + copper hydroxide at 0.63 kg/ha controlled leaf spot as well as chlorothalonil alone at 1.26 kg/ha. There were no consistent yield differences among the chlorothalonil, chlorothalonil + propiconazole, or chlorothalonil + copper treatments. Accepted for publication 8 November 2001. Published 16 November 2001.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Improved Valencia Peanut Varieties for Production in Haiti

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
A.M. Fulmer ◽  
T.B. Brenneman ◽  
R.C. Kemerait ◽  
R. Macajoux ◽  
D.A. Carroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Cercosporidium Personatum ◽  
Central Plateau ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Puccinia Arachidis ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Plot Design

ABSTRACT Late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum) and peanut rust (Puccinia arachidis) are the most important diseases of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Haiti. Traditional Haitian peanut varieties are not only susceptible to these diseases but are also typically grown without benefit of a fungicide program. Five trials were conducted from 2015 to 2017 to evaluate the performance of six Valencia varieties in Quartier-Morin, Haiti (with an additional trial in 2017 at the Central Plateau) with respect to yield, resistance to rust and leaf spot diseases, and response to a fungicide program. A split-plot design with four or six replications was used in these studies. In each, “variety” was the whole plot and presence or absence of a fungicide program was the subplot. Valencia market types 309 Red, 309 Tan, M2, M3, SGV0801 and a local landrace were compared with and without Muscle ADV (tebuconazole + chlorothalonil, Sipcam) (2.3 L/ha) applied at 45, 60 and 75 days after planting (DAP). Final disease ratings (late leaf spot and peanut rust) were assessed approximately 94 DAP and plots were harvested the day following. In all trials, 309 Tan variety had the least amount of leaf spot and rust, but resulted in the lowest yield in four out of five trials, averaging 1727 kg/ha across fungicide treatments. M3, M2 and 309 Red were generally the numerically highest-yielding varieties, averaging 2906, 2864 and 2541 kg/ha across fungicide treatments, respectively, but were not statistically higher than the local Haitian Valencia, averaging 2374 kg/ha. Three fungicide applications during the season significantly increased yields in most trials for all varieties except 309 Tan. The highest and lowest average increase in yield from fungicide was for 309 Red (1126 kg/ha) and 309 Tan (103 kg/ha), respectively. The results from this study conducted over 2 years and 4 seasons document that while resistance to late leaf spot and rust is available in Valencia varieties, yield potential is not directly associated with that resistance. Also, use of fungicide improves yield potential in more susceptible varieties.

Management of Leaf Spot Diseases of Peanut With Prothioconazole Applied Alone or in Combination With Tebuconazole or Trifloxystrobin

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Culbreath ◽  
R. C. Kemerait ◽  
T. B. Brenneman
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Cercosporidium Personatum ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Similar Series

Abstract Field experiments were conducted in Tifton and Plains, GA in 2001–2007 to determine the efficacy of prothioconazole on early leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola) and late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum) of peanut (Arachis hypogaea). In five of six experiments, application of one or both rates (0.18 and 0.20 kg ai/ha) of prothioconazole in sprays 3–6 (chlorothalonil at 1.26 kg ai/ha in sprays 1, 2, and 7) provided leaf spot control superior to tebuconazole (0.23 kg ai/ha) in a similar regime, and superior to chlorothalonil at 1.26 kg ai/ha applied full season (seven times) in four of six experiments. In a similar series of six experiments, application of 0.085 kg ai/ha of prothioconazole + 0.17 kg ai/ha of tebuconazole provided better leaf spot control than tebuconazole (0.23 kg ai/ha) applied in regimes similar to those described above. Leaf spot control with prothioconazole + tebuconazole was similar to chlorothalonil applied at 1.26 kg ai/ha full season in five of eight experiments, but was less effective in the remaining three experiments. Fungicide effects on yield were inconsistent, but in all experiments, yield response with either rate of prothioconazole was similar to or greater than that obtained with 0.23 kg ai/ha tebuconazole on the same schedule. In a third series of four experiments, full-season (seven sprays) application of mixtures of prothioconazole at 0.063 kg ai/ha with trifloxystrobin at 0.063 kg ai/ha gave similar or better leaf spot control than chlorothalonil full season.

scholarly journals KETAHANAN TERHADAP PENYAKIT BERCAK DAUN LAMBAT (CERCOSPORIDIUM PERSONATUM) DAN KARAKTER AGRONOMI KACANG TANAH FAMILI F5 KETURUNAN PERSILANGAN KELINCI x SOUTHERN RUNNER

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-112
Author(s):  
Setyo Dwi Utomo ◽  
Ety Setiowati ◽  
Hasriadi Mat Akin
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Cercosporidium Personatum ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

The resistance to late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum) and agronomic characters of peanut F5 families derived from crosses between Kelinci x Southern Runner.  Late leafspot disease in peanut can be controlled by planting resistant cultivars. The objective of this study was to evaluate the resistance of nine F5 families derived from crosses between Kelinci and Southern Runner. Gajah, Kelinci, Panter, and Southern Runner were used as controls.  Experiments was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The resistance was evaluated based on the score of disease severity. The results indicated that F5 families of K/SR-2 and K/SR-9 were more resistant to late leafspot and yielded higher than Gajah, Panter, and Kelinci.  Families K/SR-7 and K/SR-8 were tolerant to late leafspot.

Early and Late Leaf Spot Resistance and Agronomic Performance of Nineteen Interspecific Derived Peanut Lines1

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ouedraogo ◽  
O. D. Smith ◽  
C. E. Simpson ◽  
D. H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Late Leaf Spot Resistance

Abstract Nineteen selected interspecific peanut lines with resistance to leaf spot [Cercospora arachidicola Hori and/or Cercosporidium personatum (Berk, and Curt.) Deighton] were field tested 3 yr for disease reaction and productivity with and without foliar fungicide protection. Measurements included severity ratings of leaf spot every 2 wk based on the Florida leaf spot disease rating scale, and pod yield. Area under disease progress curves (AUDPC) and pod yield losses were calculated. Differences among the interspecific lines in AUDPC values were significant, and one line had values equal to or lower than that of Southern Runner. One-half of the lines were equal in yield (P=0.01) to Southern Runner. Yields among lines averaged 1 to 50% higher with, as compared to without, chlorothalonil application. Yield losses of individual entries varied significantly from 1 yr to another and incongruous with the AUDPC pattern. Correlations between the AUDPC and yield loss were significant (P=0.01) for the 1989 and 1990, but not for the 1988 data. Results of the study indicate that resistance to both C. arachidicola and personatum were incorporated from the wild species parents into productive, runner-type breeding lines, and that the resistance to personatum was equal to or better than that of Southern Runner. Additional effort will be required to transfer levels of leaf spot resistance observed in the wild species parents into successful cultivars.

scholarly journals Variability and Trait Association Studies for Late Leaf Spot Resistance in a Groundnut MAGIC Population

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2193
Author(s):  
Ankush Purushottam Wankhade ◽  
Sai Rekha Kadirimangalam ◽  
Kannalli Paramashivaiah Viswanatha ◽  
Milind Panjabrao Deshmukh ◽  
Vivek Shivajirao Shinde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Multiple Traits ◽  
Resistant Parent ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Detached Leaf ◽  
Minor Alleles ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Late Leaf Spot Resistance ◽  
Advanced Generation

Globally, late leaf spot (LLS), a foliar fungal disease is one of the most important biotic constraint in groundnut production. Multi-Parent Advanced Generation Inter Cross (MAGIC) groundnut population was developed in a convergent crossing scheme using eight founder parents to develop a mapping population for multiple traits includes LLS. The experiments conducted in light chamber using detached leaf assay, and disease field screening nurseries at two locations (ICRISAT and ARS, Kasbe Digraj) showed significant variability for LLS resistance and component of resistance traits. Total 10 MAGIC lines with longer incubation (>11.0 days) and two MAGIC lines with longer latent period (>27 days) than the resistant parent, GPBD 4 were identified. The MAGIC lines, ICGR 171413, and ICGR 171443 with a lesion diameter of <1 mm and 4.10–5.67% of leaf area damage can be valuable sources for the alleles limiting the pathogen severity. A total of 20 MAGIC lines recorded significantly superior for disease score at 105 DAP_I (5.60–6.89) compared to resistant check, GPDB 4 (6.89). Further studies to determine the type and number of genes controlling the LLS component traits in groundnut will be useful for improvement of resistance to LLS. Genomic selection approach can be valuable in groundnut breeding to harness the minor alleles contributing to the component traits of LLS resistance.

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