Kajian Perilaku Dan Analisis Kandungan Gizi Pakan Drop In Beruang Madu (Helarctos Malayanus) Di Taman Agro Satwa Dan Wisata Bumi Kedaton

Honey bear population in the wild is currently declined due to land clearing and poaching. The effort that is be made to prevent the extinction of honey bears is through ex situ conservation, as practiced by Taman Agro Satwa dan Wisata Bumi Kedaton in Bandar Lampung. The behavior and nutrient content of drop in feed are affect of succesfully honey bear ex-situ conservation in TASWBK. The aim of this research are to analyze the daily behaviour , the kind of drop in feed, valatability of feed and find out the value of nutrient content in drop in feed in the captive. This research has done on mei, 2015. The research metode of daily behaviour used focas, the kind of drop in feed used descriptive analyze. Nutrient content of drop in feed use proximat analyzed and methode of approach the composition of material food indonesia. And supported by interview and literatur study. The locomotion behaviour of male and female honey bear has the highest proportion, there are 55,35% and 51,06%. The lowest percentage of male and female honey bear behavior there are feeding behavior (16,79% and 12,13%). The kind of drop in feed thats given by TASWBK there are papaya, tubers and muli banana. The biggest number of consumption drop in feed that is papaya (6.120 gr/day) for male honey bear and (3.930 gr/day) for female honey bear. The highest of feed nutrient contents per day, there are water and content ash from papaya amounted to 5.306,04 grams, 36,72 grams and 30,6 grams, fiber and fat from muli banana of 12,85 grams and 7,35 grams. Keywords : honey bear, daily behavior, nutrient content of drop in feed in Taman Agro Satwa dan Wisata Bumi Kedaton

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Propagation of Threatened Nepenthes khasiana: Methods and Precautions

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb739639 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 313-315

Author(s):

Jibankumar S. KHURAIJAM ◽

Rup K. ROY

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Threatened Species ◽

Ex Situ Conservation ◽

Ex Situ ◽

In The Wild ◽

Propagation Technique ◽

Subsequent Propagation ◽

Nepenthes Khasiana

Ex-situ conservation is an important key in the management of rare, endangered and threatened (RET) plant species and its effectiveness depends on several factors. Maintenance of viable germplasm and its subsequent propagation plays an important role in long term conservation of many RET species. Nepenthes khasiana is a rare and gravely threatened species in the wild due to over-collection and other threats. The species needs urgent in-situ and ex-situ conservation. Development of easy to propagate techniques would pave faster multiplication for its use of educational, medicinal and horticultural purpose. In the present paper, successful propagation technique of Nepenthes khasiana through seeds is demonstrated along with detailed information on precautions to be taken during the adoption of the techniques.

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DUGONG (Dugong dugon) FEEDING BEHAVIOUR IN SEA WORLD INDONESIA, TAMAN IMPIAN JAYA ANCOL, JAKARTA

KnE Life Sciences ◽

10.18502/kls.v2i1.204 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 504

Author(s):

Abdul Jamaludin ◽

Luthfiralda Sjahfirdi ◽

Riani Widiarti

Keyword(s):

Feeding Behavior ◽

Feeding Behaviour ◽

Ex Situ Conservation ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Behavioral Observation ◽

Reproductive Rate ◽

Observation Time ◽

T Test ◽

Ex Situ

Dugongs is a protected herbivorous marine mammals (Suwelo et al., 1992) and included in vulnerable category of IUCN(International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) and Appendix I CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) (IUCN 2012). Dugong population continues to decline due to the human threat (Suwelo et al., 1992). Another factor is because Dugong has a low reproductive rate (Hindell & Kirkword 2003). Ex-situ conservation of dugong is become important and has conducted by Sea World Indonesia, Taman Impian Jaya Ancol, Jakarta. Research on dugong feeding behaviour can help the ex-situ conservation of dugong. This because feeding behaviour is a main daily behaviour of dugong in the sea (Chilvers et al., 2003). The aim of this research was to describe feeding behaviour of two dugong in Sea World Indonesia. Observations were made in SWI Dugong aquarium with a diameter of 10 meters and two different depth (2 meters and 5 meters). Observations were made during two weeks on December 2012. Behavioral observation time was divided into morning (9:15 to 09:35), (11:30 to 11:50) and (14:30 to 14:50) observations. The feeding behavior observed was hand-fed, surface-fed and bottom-fed. Daily observations of dugong feeding behavior were done using focal animal sampling and ad libitum sampling. The data obtained was displayed in the form of tables and graphs. The data was analyzed using descriptive analysis reinforced with statistical tests. The statistical tests used were the t-test and ANOVA test. Hand-fed behavior of male dugong (31,30%) was higher than female (29,67%). Results from t-test showed that the hand-fed behaviors of both dugongs were not significantly different. Meanwhile, the other t-test result for surface-fed behavior and bottom-fed behavior of both dugongs was significantly different. Surface-fed behavior of male dugong (65.83%) was higher than female (32.08%). Bottom-fed behavior of male dugong (6.23%) was lower than females (36.63%). Hand-fed behaviour and feed on surface are the adaptation of feeding behavior in captivity. Feed on bottom behaviour is the behavior that similar to dugong feeding in the wild, which is grazing. Based on the observation, it is known that both dugong, male dugong especially, have a good adaptation on hand-fed seagrass behaviour and feed on surface, while the female dugong maintain its natural feeding behavior. Keywords: Dugong dugon, Sea World Indonesia, feeding behaviour, captive

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Saving rainforests in the South Pacific: challenges in ex situ conservation

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt17096 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 65 (8) ◽

pp. 609 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Karen D. Sommerville ◽

Bronwyn Clarke ◽

Gunnar Keppel ◽

Craig McGill ◽

Zoe-Joy Newby ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Diversity ◽

Ex Situ Conservation ◽

South Pacific ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Anthropogenic Sources ◽

Ex Situ ◽

The South ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

In The Wild ◽

Very High

Rainforests in the South Pacific hold a considerable amount of plant diversity, with rates of species endemism >80% in some countries. This diversity is rapidly disappearing under pressure from logging, clearing for agriculture or mining, introduced pests and diseases and other anthropogenic sources. Ex situ conservation techniques offer a means to limit the loss of plant diversity. Seed banking is considered the most efficient and cost effective of these techniques but is applicable only to seed capable of tolerating desiccation and cold storage. Data on the degree of tolerance of these conditions was lacking for more than half of the 1503 South Pacific rainforest genera examined for this review. Of the 710 genera for which data were available, the storage behaviour of 324 was based on an assessment of only one or two species, although 76% of those genera contained at least 10 species. Many of the unstudied or poorly studied genera are shared across several South Pacific nations, providing an excellent opportunity for collaboration on future ex situ research and conservation. Of the 386 genera for which three or more species have been studied, 343 have a very high proportion of species (>95% of those tested) that are suitable for seed banking. Seed banking could therefore provide a suitable means for preserving a large proportion of the rainforest flora before it becomes extinct in the wild. Alternatives for preserving species that are not suitable for seed banking are also discussed.

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The rarest of the rare: rediscovery and status of the critically endangered Belem Curassow, Crax fasciolata pinima (Pelzeln, 1870)

Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia ◽

10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.46 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 59 ◽

pp. e20195946 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eduardo França Alteff ◽

Gustavo Gonsioroski ◽

Marcelo Barreiros ◽

Leonardo Gabriel Campos de Oliveira Torres ◽

André Restel Camilo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ex Situ Conservation ◽

New Records ◽

Critically Endangered ◽

Indigenous Populations ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Wild Animals ◽

Free Living ◽

Indigenous Lands ◽

In The Wild ◽

Awareness Programs

The Belem Curassow (Crax fasciolata pinima) is one of the most endangered birds in South America, without sightings of birds in the wild for 40 years. This subspecies is nationally and internationally classified as critically endangered and close to extinction, suffering from poaching and deforestation in its range. Here we present new records of free-living individuals made on three indigenous lands in Pará and Maranhão states: in part of Terra Indígena Mãe Maria, Bom Jesus do Tocantins, Pará; in locations within the Reserva Biológica do Gurupi/Terra Indígena Alto Turiaçu, Centro Novo do Maranhão, Maranhão; and around the Terra Indígena Rio Pindaré, Alto Alegre do Pindaré, Maranhão. We also provide recommendations to protect this bird via a dedicated conservation program which includes finding new individuals in non-sampled areas (north of BR-222), estimating population size, enhancing taxonomic and natural history knowledge, capturing wild animals in order to start urgent ex situ conservation programs, and developing environmental awareness programs with the local and indigenous populations.

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Perilaku Alami dan Tidak Alami Burung Kakatua Jambul Kuning (Cacatua sp.) di Animal Sanctuary Trust Indonesia, Jawa Barat

Jurnal Sumberdaya Hayati ◽

10.29244/jsdh.7.1.9-16 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 9-16

Author(s):

Eka arismayanti ◽

Nisfia Rakhmatun Nisa ◽

Alfath Fanidya ◽

Wildan Arsyad F ◽

Nadya Aulia Putri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Condition ◽

Natural Behavior ◽

Male And Female ◽

Daily Behavior ◽

Animal Rescue ◽

Cage Condition ◽

In The Wild ◽

Rescue Center ◽

Instantaneous Sampling ◽

The Relationship

Cockatoo (Cacatua sp.) is one of birds that is widely distributed in Indonesia and often kept as pet, thus threatening the Cacatua population in the wild. Environmental condition may affect the behavior of Cockatoo. Some unnatural behavior may arise due to living in the captive. Different cage conditions may result in different behavior performance in Cockatoo. Research on daily behavior at animal rescue sites at ASTI Bogor has never been conducted. This study aimed to analyze natural and stereotype behavior of Cacatua sp. at animal rescue center due to foreclosure, and analyze the relationship between cage condition and environmental factors. This study used focal instantaneous sampling, using eight individuals Cacatua sp. Cacatua sp. in ASTI performed natural behavior more than unnatural behavior, therefore ASTI can be a good place for animal rescue. The dominant natural behaviors were Resting (Re), Preening (Pr), Feeding (Fe), Locomotion (Lo), and Fighting (Fg), while unnatural behaviors were play, bite, abnormal vocalization, feather picking and aggressive. There are no difference in behavior between male and female, and also behavior in the morning and afternoon (p>0.05), but cage condition had a significant effect to daily behavior of Cacatua sp. (<0.05).

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Seedling Selection Using Molecular Approach for Ex Situ Conservation of Critically Endangered Tree Species (Vatica bantamensis (Hassk.) Benth. & Hook. ex Miq.) in Java, Indonesia

Tropical Conservation Science ◽

10.1177/1940082919849506 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 194008291984950 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yayan Wahyu C. Kusuma ◽

Siti R. Ariati ◽

Rosniati A. Risna ◽

Chika Mitsuyuki ◽

Yoshihisa Suyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Differentiation ◽

Plant Species ◽

Ex Situ Conservation ◽

Critically Endangered ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽

In The Wild ◽

Genetic Clusters ◽

Ex Situ Collection

Ex situ conservation is an important complementary strategy for in situ to conserve endangered plant species. However, the limited areas designated for ex situ conservation such as in botanic gardens have become a great challenge for conservation practitioners and scientists attempting to optimally conserve the genetic diversity of targeted plant species. Our study aimed to assess genetic diversity and structure of wild seedlings of Vatica bantamensis, an endemic and critically endangered dipterocarp from Java (Indonesia). We also estimated genetic differentiation between the wild seedlings and existing ex situ collection and evaluated the genetic diversity preserved in the ex situ collection. Our analysis, using 730 single-nucleotide polymorphisms loci, showed that wild seedlings exhibited higher genetic diversity than the ex situ collection (nucleotide diversity, µ = 0.26 and 0.16, respectively). Significant genetic differentiation was also detected ( FST = 0.32) between wild seedlings and ex situ collection. Furthermore, we found high kinship within the ex situ collection suggesting low genetic diversity since the founding collection. We also detected three distinct genetic clusters from all samples combined (analysis of molecular variance, ϕ = 0.48, p < .001), with two clusters present in the wild seedlings that were not represented in the ex situ collection. We recommend that supplementary collections from the two newly identified genetic clusters in the wild seedlings should be incorporated to increase genetic diversity in the ex situ collection. Furthermore, our study demonstrated that understanding the population genetics of targeted endangered species provides better results for ex situ conservation strategies.

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Column: Endangered Species in Japan: Ex Situ Conservation Approaches and Reintroduction in the Wild

Ecological Research Monographs - Social-Ecological Restoration in Paddy-Dominated Landscapes ◽

10.1007/978-4-431-55330-4_6 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 87-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mariko Kato

Keyword(s):

Endangered Species ◽

Ex Situ Conservation ◽

Ex Situ ◽

In The Wild

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Establishing Ex Situ Conservation Methods for Dactylorhiza ebudensis and D. traunsteinerioides, a Combination of In Situ Turf Removal and In Vitro Germinations

Sibbaldia: the International Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture ◽

10.24823/sibbaldia.2012.68 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 71-84

Author(s):

Berta Millas Xanco ◽

Jaime V. Aguilar ◽

Gregory J. Kenicer ◽

Heather McHaffie

Keyword(s):

Ex Situ Conservation ◽

Flowering Plant ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Diverse Range ◽

Ecological Requirements ◽

Orchid Seed ◽

In The Wild ◽

Plant Families ◽

Set Up

Orchidaceae is one of the most diverse flowering plant families in the world, occupying a diverse range of habitats from epiphytes to terrestrial forms. It is also one of the most vulnerable to changes in land use because of its complex ecological requirements. In nature, orchid seed will only grow if infected with a compatible fungus which provides all the carbohydrates and nutrients needed for its development. This mycotrophic mode of nourishment can persist underground for years in some orchids, which makes them difficult to observe in the wild. Understanding their behaviour is essential for their successful propagation and conservation. In an investigation looking into conservation and propagation, turves were lifted from wild populations of two rare Scottish orchid species in order to ensure the best possible association between these species and their growing environment. A combined in vitro experiment was set up for the wild harvested seeds under different media to compare their effects. Two different successful ex situ conservation methods for Dactylorhiza ebudensis and D. traunsteinerioides are presented.

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