Effect of Mushroom Spent Empty Fruit Bunch (FEB) Supplement on physicochemical Properties of a Biofertilizer named Organonitrofos

This research aims to elaborate characteristics of an organic fertilizer, named as “Organonitrofos”, produced from agricultural wastes supplemented with spent mushroom substrate (SMS) made from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB). The EFB was formerly used as straw mushroom medium. Research was carried out in two stages of experiment. In the first experiment, The SMS was taken from an experiment of mushroom production, where effect of size reduction and composting duration of EFB on the mushroom production was investigated. The SMS was mixed with other materials (1:1), which is normally used as the raw materials of Organonitrofos, and was composted. In the second experiment, the SMS was taken from other experiment of mushroom production where effect of inorganic and organic fertilizer supplements on the straw mushroom production was investigated. The second experiment was carried out using the same procedure as in the first experiment. Physicochemical property of resulted Organonitrofos was evaluated and compared to other predecessors of Organonitrofos. Results showed some noticeable changes of physicochemical properties.

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Application of Box-Behnken Design in Optimization of Glucose Production from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Cellulose

International Journal of Polymer Science ◽

10.1155/2013/104502 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Satriani Aga Pasma ◽

Rusli Daik ◽

Mohamad Yusof Maskat ◽

Osman Hassan

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Glucose Production ◽

Polynomial Equation ◽

Empty Fruit Bunch ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Box Behnken Design ◽

Order Polynomial ◽

Validation Experiments

Oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber (OPEFB) is a lignocellulosic waste from palm oil mills. It contains mainly cellulose from which glucose can be derived to serve as raw materials for valuable chemicals such as succinic acid. A three-level Box-Behnken design combined with the canonical and ridge analysis was employed to optimize the process parameters for glucose production from OPEFB cellulose using enzymatic hydrolysis. Organosolv pretreatment was used to extract cellulose from OPEFB using ethanol and water as the solvents. The extracted cellulose was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Hydrolysis parameters including amount of enzyme, amount of cellulose, and reaction time were investigated. The experimental results were fitted with a second-order polynomial equation by a multiple regression analysis and found that more than 97% of the variations could be predicted by the models. Using the ridge analysis, the optimal conditions reaction time found for the production of glucose was 76 hours and 30 min, whereas the optimum amount of enzyme and cellulose was 0.5 mL and 0.9 g, respectively. Under these optimal conditions, the corresponding response value predicted for glucose concentration was 169.34 g/L, which was confirmed by validation experiments.

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Physicochemical properties and characteristics of microcrystalline cellulose derived from the cellulose of oil palm empty fruit bunch

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/223/1/012056 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 223 ◽

pp. 012056

Author(s):

H Nasution ◽

Yurnaliza ◽

Veronicha ◽

Irmadani ◽

S Sitompul

Keyword(s):

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Empty Fruit Bunch

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Pemanfaatan Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit Sebagai Bioaktivator Untuk Pengomposan Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit

Agrifarm : Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian ◽

10.24903/ajip.v8i1.525 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Zainudin Zainudin ◽

Abdul Rofik

Keyword(s):

Chemical Analysis ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Liquid Waste ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Empty Fruit Bunch ◽

Organic C ◽

Empty Fruit Bunches ◽

A Value

Palm oil is an export commodity of the plantation sector which began to develop rapidly in East Kalimantan with an area until 2017 reaching 1,192,342 Ha consisting of 284,523 Ha as plasma / smallholder plants, 14,402 Ha owned by SOEs as the core and 893,417 Ha owned by Large Private Plantation.Empty bunches (Tankos) are solid waste that is produced by palm oil mills in the process of managing palm fruit bunches into crude palm oil (CPO). In each processing 1 ton of fruit bunches will produce Tankos as much as 21-23%. Oil palm empty fruit bunches that are not managed properly will become waste that does not provide benefits. Compost technology using a local microorganism starter (MOL) can be used to produce quality organic fertilizer considering the process involves decomposing bacteria of organic ingredients. Compost technology from tankos waste is very possible to be developed, both at the level of farmers and private oil palm companies. This study aim to determine the potential of palm oil mill effluent (POME) as an bioactivator for composting oil palm empty fruit bunches, and to determine the chemical quality of oil palm empty fruit bunch compost with MOL bioactivator liquid waste as organic fertilizer. Through this research, it is expected that the palm oil mill's liquid waste can be utilized as a bioactivator for compost production and can be applied to the production of oil palm empty fruit bunch compost.This research was conducted for one year. The stages of the research are as follows: 1. Chemical analysis of POME waste, 2. Making LM POME, 3. Chemical analysis of LM POME, and 4. Making EFB Compost, and Chemical Analysis of oil palm empty fruit bunch compost. Compost making using randomized block design (RBD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications include: P0 = 0 ml / liter of water, P1 = 100 ml / liter of water, P2 = 300 ml / liter of water, P3 = 600 ml / liter of water, P4 = 900 ml / liter of water.The analysis showed that there was an increase in the chemical properties of POME after becoming an LM POME activator. Increased chemical properties such as phosphorus from 0.01 to 0.02, potassium from 0.19 to 0.27, and organic carbon from 0.90 to 1.30, but some chemical properties such as pH decreased from 7.20 to 3, 37 and nitrogen decreased from 0.37 to 0.05. The EFB compost analysis results showed that the highest pH was p2 with a value of 8.23, the highest organic C at p4 treatment with a value of 57.65, the highest total N at p3 with a value of 1.80, P2O5 the highest total at p3 with a value of 0.64, and the highest total K2O at p4 with a value of 2.68.

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Potential of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Resources in Nanocellulose Hydrogel Production for Versatile Applications: A Review

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13051245 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1245 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Farah Nadia Mohammad Padzil ◽

Seng Hua Lee ◽

Zuriyati Mohamed Asa’ari Ainun ◽

Ching Hao Lee ◽

Luqman Chuah Abdullah

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Woody Plants ◽

Natural Fiber ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Raw Material ◽

Value Chains ◽

High Porosity ◽

Empty Fruit Bunch ◽

Future Direction

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is considered the cheapest natural fiber with good properties and exists abundantly in Malaysia. It has great potential as an alternative main raw material to substitute woody plants. On the other hand, the well-known polymeric hydrogel has gathered a lot of interest due to its three-dimensional (3D) cross-linked network with high porosity. However, some issues regarding its performance like poor interfacial connectivity and mechanical strength have been raised, hence nanocellulose has been introduced. In this review, the plantation of oil palm in Malaysia is discussed to show the potential of OPEFB as a nanocellulose material in hydrogel production. Nanocellulose can be categorized into three nano-structured celluloses, which differ in the processing method. The most popular nanocellulose hydrogel processing methods are included in this review. The 3D printing method is taking the lead in current hydrogel production due to its high complexity and the need for hygiene products. Some of the latest advanced applications are discussed to show the high commercialization potential of nanocellulose hydrogel products. The authors also considered the challenges and future direction of nanocellulose hydrogel. OPEFB has met the requirements of the marketplace and product value chains as nanocellulose raw materials in hydrogel applications.

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Optimization of Scheduling in Ethanol Production from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Process

Asian Journal of Applied Sciences ◽

10.24203/ajas.v6i6.5584 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Nattamon Sirikanchittavon ◽

Worameth Chitcharoen ◽

Thongchai Rohitatisha Srinophakun

Keyword(s):

Production Process ◽

Ethanol Production ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Processing Time ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Batch Process ◽

Production Cycle ◽

Empty Fruit Bunch ◽

Time Consumption ◽

Fermentation Tank

In this research, the scheduling Batch process had done for minimizing the processing time and the highest equipment efficiency of the ethanol production process. Aspen Plus program was used to perform the mass and balances in the steady state part, and Aspen Batch Process Developer program was used to schedule batch parts of the process. The production process from oil palm empty fruit bunch has the ethanol capacity of 9,200 kg per day. The raw materials are oil palm empty fruit bunch 47,000 kg per day. There are four production schedules: one hydrolysis tank and one fermentation tank, four hydrolysis tanks and a fermentation tank, one hydrolysis tank and four fermentation tanks, four tanks of hydrolysis and four tanks of fermentation. This can reduce time consumption in one production cycle and less cycle time

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POTENSI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT DAN ECENG GONDOK (Eichhornia crassipes) SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PUPUK ORGANIK (Potential of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches and Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) As Raw Materials Organic Fertilizer)

Jurnal Riset Industri Hasil Hutan ◽

10.24111/jrihh.v8i1.2063 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

I Dewa Gede Putra Prabawa

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Water Hyacinth ◽

Eichhornia Crassipes ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Total Content ◽

Raw Material ◽

Empty Fruit Bunches ◽

Nitrogen Contents

Oil palm empty fruit bunches and water hyacinth have not been widely used, especially in South Kalimantan. These materials were known containing macro elements that are needed by plants. This research was conducted to study potential of oil palm empty fruit bunches and water hyacinth as raw material for organic fertilizer. The effect of ashing temperature variations (500°C; 750°C; 1000°C) on the macro nutrients content (N, P2O5, and K2O) have been studied. The result showed that the characterization of empty fruit bunches and water hyacinth have the highest P2O5 and K2O content, whereas the content of nitrogen was still lowest. The treatment of ashing temperature was effect on improve total content of N, P2O5 and K2O. The highest nitrogen contents in empty fruit bunches and water hyacinth obtained on ashing temperature 500oC. The highest P2O5 contents in empty fruit bunches obtained on ashing temperature 1000oC and water hyacinth obtained on ashing temperature 750oC. The highest K2O contents in empty fruit bunches obtained on ashing temperature 750oC and water hyacinth obtained on ashing temperature 500oC. Ash of oil palm empty fruit bunches and water hyacinth was potentially as a source of nutrients P2O5 and K2O for organic fertilizer, but less potential as a source of nitrogen.Keywords: oil palm empty fruit bunches, water hyacinth, raw material, organic fertilizer

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Isolation of Cellulolytic Bacteria from Peat Soils as Decomposer of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch

Journal of Tropical Soils ◽

10.5400/jts.2017.v22i1.47-53 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 47-53

Author(s):

. Gusmawartati ◽

. Agustian ◽

. Herviyanti ◽

. Jamsari

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Reducing Sugars ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Cellulolytic Activity ◽

Empty Fruit Bunch ◽

Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽

Peat Soils ◽

Bacterial Colony ◽

Tropical Peat ◽

Two Stages

The aim of the research was to find out potential strainsof cellulolytic bacteria isolated from two tropical peat soils and to studythe potency of the isolated bacteria to decompose oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB). The research was carried out in two stages: (1) isolation of cellulolytic bacteria from peat soils and (2) testing the potency of isolated bacteria to decompose oil palm EFB. The cellulolytic bacteria were isolated from two peat soils, i.e. a natural peat soil (forest) and a cultivated peat soil (has been used as agriculture land). Isolation of cellulolytic bacteria was conducted by preparing a series dilution of culture solutions using a streak plate method in a carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC) selective medium.Isolates that were able to form clear zones surrounding their bacterial colony were further tested to study the potency of the isolates to decompose cellulose in oil palm EFB. The cellulolytic activity of the selected isolates were further determined via production of reducing sugars in an oil palm EFB liquid medium using Nelson-Somogyi method. The results showed that there are six isolates of cellulolytic bacteria that have been identified in two tropical peat soils used in the current study. Two isolates are identified in a natural peat soil (forest) and four isolates are identified in a cultivated peat soil. The isolates collected are identified as Bacillus sp., Pseudomonassp. and Staphylococcus sp. Among the isolates, an isolate of GS II-1 produces the highest concentration of reducing sugars, namely 0.1012 unitmL-1or 101 ppm, indicating that the isolate of GS II-1 is highly potential to decompose oil palm EFB. Therefore, the isolate of GS II-1 can be used as a decomposer in the bio-conversion processes of oil palm EFB.Keywords: isolation, bacteria, cellulolytic, oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB), peat soil

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Analisis Kualitas Formula Pupuk Organik Pelet dari Eceng Gondok dan Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (Quality Analysis of Organic Fertilizer Pellets Formula from Water Hyacinth and Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch)

Jurnal Riset Industri Hasil Hutan ◽

10.24111/jrihh.v9i1.3003 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 17-28

Author(s):

I Dewa Gede Putra Prabawa ◽

Nurmilatina Nurmilatina

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Heavy Metals ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Water Hyacinth ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Quality Analysis ◽

Empty Fruit Bunch ◽

Macro Nutrients

The objective of this research was to analyse organic fertilizer pellets from water hyacinth and oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) that have not been widely used in South Kalimantan. The variable of the research was the ratio of water hyacinth and OPEFB: 25%:75%, 50%:50%, and 75%:25%. The fertilizer was produced by heating the materials at 350oC, and then composting the materials using effective microorgnism 4 (EM4), and then mold into pellet shape. The results showed that the drying, heating, and composting process could increase nitrogen and phosphor content. Nitrogen in water hyacinth increased from 0.06% to 2.18%, while its increased from 0.18% to 2.49% in OPEFB. Phosphor in water hyacinth increased from 3.42% to 6.89%, while its increased from 1.95% to 4.70% in OPEFB. The quality of organic fertilizer pellet was evaluated according to Permentan No.70-2011. The result showed that the content of C-organic, macro nutrients, micro nutrients, heavy metals, Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., moisture content, pH, and residue met the requirements. The organic fertilizer contained the highest nutrient made from 50 % water hyacinth and 50% OPEFB.Keywords: organic fertilizer pellets, oil palm empty fruit bunch, water hyacinth

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