scholarly journals Optimization of Scheduling in Ethanol Production from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nattamon Sirikanchittavon ◽  
Worameth Chitcharoen ◽  
Thongchai Rohitatisha Srinophakun
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Batch Process ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Time Consumption ◽  
Fermentation Tank

In this research, the scheduling Batch process had done for minimizing the processing time and the highest equipment efficiency of the ethanol production process. Aspen Plus program was used to perform the mass and balances in the steady state part, and Aspen Batch Process Developer program was used to schedule batch parts of the process. The production process from oil palm empty fruit bunch has the ethanol capacity of 9,200 kg per day. The raw materials are oil palm empty fruit bunch 47,000 kg per day. There are four production schedules: one hydrolysis tank and one fermentation tank, four hydrolysis tanks and a fermentation tank, one hydrolysis tank and four fermentation tanks, four tanks of hydrolysis and four tanks of fermentation. This can reduce time consumption in one production cycle and less cycle time

Steam Ejector Used as a Substitute for Cooling Tower in the Ethanol Production Process

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Antonio Negro Martin Lopez ◽  
Daniel Kao Sun Ting ◽  
Alfredo Jose´ Alvim de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Cooling Towers ◽  
Steam Ejector ◽  
Sugar Cane Juice

Nowadays petroleum dependency in transportation is widely discussed all over the world. Atmospheric pollution and global warming are deleterious consequences of gasoline consumption. Ethanol is a natural substitute fuel that has been increasingly used. One of the most important raw materials used for ethanol production is the sugar cane. The exothermic fermentation reaction of the sugar cane juice in the ethanol production process requires a rigorous temperature control. This control is usually made by using cooling water from cooling towers. The heat released from cooling towers not only has an economical cost as well as it contributes to the global heating. Steam ejectors can substitute cooling towers thus improving the ethanol production plant efficiency and reducing world heating. Furthermore, steam ejectors are smaller, cheaper and are very simple equipment when compared with cooling towers. Furthermore, its use provides an improved thermal efficiency of the production plant resulting in the reduction of the global warming effects. In this work the use of steam ejector is proposed for the fermentation cooling of a typical Brazilian sugar and ethanol production plant. The steam which feeds the steam ejector is obtained from the plant utilities and the low temperature obtained from steam expansion within the ejector is used for sugar cane fermentation process cooling. The steam ejector discharge heat is recovered as it is used to sugar and ethanol production process heating. The sugar and ethanol production plant overall energy fluxes either using cooling towers as well as using steam ejectors are presented and the results are compared and discussed.

scholarly journals Conversion of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Biomass to Bio-Oil and Jet Bio-Fuel by Catalytic Fast-Pyrolysis Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Haryanti Yahaya ◽  
Rozzeta Dollah ◽  
Norsahika Mohd Basir ◽  
Rohit Karnik ◽  
Halimaton Hamdan
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Zeolite Y ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Batch Process ◽  
Zeolite Catalysts ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Compound Distribution ◽  
Bio Oil

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) biomass is a potential source of renewable energy. Catalytic fast-pyrolysis batch process was initially performed to convert oil palm EFB into bio-oil, followed by its refinement to jet bio-fuel. Crystalline zeolites A and Y; synthesised from rice husk ash (RHA), were applied as heterogeneous catalysts. The catalytic conversion of oil palm EFB to bio-oil was conducted at a temperature range of 320-400°C with zeolite A catalyst loadings of 0.6 - 3.0 wt%. The zeolite catalysts were characterised by XRD, FTIR and FESEM. The bio-oil and jet bio-fuel products were analysed using GC-MS and FTIR. The batch fast-pyrolysis reaction was optimised at 400°C with a catalyst loading of 1.0 wt%, produced 42.7 wt% yields of liquid bio-oil, 35.4 wt% char and 21.9 wt% gaseous products. Analysis by GCMS indicates the compound distribution of the liquid bio-oil are as follows: hydrocarbons (23%), phenols (61%), carboxylic acids (0.7%), ketones (2.7%), FAME (7.7%) and alcohols (0.8%). Further refinement of the liquid bio-oil by catalytic hydrocracking over zeolite Y produced jet bio-fuel, which contains 63% hydrocarbon compounds (C8-C18) and 16% of phenolic compounds.

scholarly journals Application of Box-Behnken Design in Optimization of Glucose Production from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Cellulose

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satriani Aga Pasma ◽  
Rusli Daik ◽  
Mohamad Yusof Maskat ◽  
Osman Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
Validation Experiments

Oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber (OPEFB) is a lignocellulosic waste from palm oil mills. It contains mainly cellulose from which glucose can be derived to serve as raw materials for valuable chemicals such as succinic acid. A three-level Box-Behnken design combined with the canonical and ridge analysis was employed to optimize the process parameters for glucose production from OPEFB cellulose using enzymatic hydrolysis. Organosolv pretreatment was used to extract cellulose from OPEFB using ethanol and water as the solvents. The extracted cellulose was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Hydrolysis parameters including amount of enzyme, amount of cellulose, and reaction time were investigated. The experimental results were fitted with a second-order polynomial equation by a multiple regression analysis and found that more than 97% of the variations could be predicted by the models. Using the ridge analysis, the optimal conditions reaction time found for the production of glucose was 76 hours and 30 min, whereas the optimum amount of enzyme and cellulose was 0.5 mL and 0.9 g, respectively. Under these optimal conditions, the corresponding response value predicted for glucose concentration was 169.34 g/L, which was confirmed by validation experiments.

Ethanol production from alkali-pretreated oil palm empty fruit bunch by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation withmucor indicus

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 566-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdi Christia ◽  
Arima Diah Setiowati ◽  
Ria Millati ◽  
Keikhosro Karimi ◽  
Muhammad Nur Cahyanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification And Fermentation ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification

scholarly journals Sodium Hydroxide-Steam Explosion Treated Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch: Ethanol Production and Co-Fermentation with Cane Molasses

BioResources ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trinset Weeraphan ◽  
Vasana Tolieng Tolieng ◽  
Vichien Kitpreechavanich ◽  
Somboon Tanasupawat ◽  
Ancharida Akaracharanya
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Steam Explosion ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Cane Molasses

Pretreatment of empty fruit bunch from oil palm for fuel ethanol production and proposed biorefinery process

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Tan ◽  
Yongcheng Yu ◽  
Xuezhi Li ◽  
Jian Zhao ◽  
Yinbo Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Fuel Ethanol ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment of Local Rice Production at Limau Manis Padang, West Sumatra

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Shabrina Nashya Aswin ◽  
Wiwit Juita Sari ◽  
Nurul Hathiqah ◽  
Rahma Dzulqa Dzulqa ◽  
Idil Saputra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Local Product

Limau Manis is an area that is famous for producing rice, known as 'Sokan Limau Manis rice'. The development of sokan rice as a local product of Padang City can encourage increased rice production. The increase in production will affect the quality of the environment as a result of the entire series of sokan rice production activities. To find out the amount of emissions that can be generated from the Sokan Limau Manis rice production process, it is necessary to do an analysis using a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The LCA method can help identify and analyze the production cycle, the stages of the process, the flow of materials and materials as well as the energy that occurs during the rice production process in a comprehensive manner. Furthermore, the LCA method is able to provide an overview of the environmental impacts that can be generated from a series of rice production processes in which the implementation uses input raw materials that have the potential to damage the environment such as the use of chemical fertilizers. This research was conducted in Limau Manih Village, Pauh District, Padang City. The data used are primary data obtained from field observations and interviews with related parties. Primary data include the life cycle of rice, input and output of raw materials needed at each stage of the life cycle, as well as the use of tools and machinery at each stage of the life cycle. Secondary data includes the way the calculations are carried out, the value of emissions, and energy conversion. Sokan rice production system includes cultivation activities, rice refining until the final rice product is obtained requires input and energy consumption in the form of seeds, fertilizer, and diesel fuel as fuel. The development of Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) in the LCA analysis helps facilitate the process of data inventory in identifying the flow of raw materials in one production cycle of a product. The results of the analysis show that sokan rice produces emissions of 1.94 kg CO2eq / kg of rice produced with a total energy use value of 11,363.7 MJ / ton of rice. The largest CO2 emissions come from production and transportation activities, while the largest value of non-CO2 emissions comes from the stage of rice cultivation in the form of CH4 emissions. The value of CH4 emissions is influenced by the high use of fertilizers on the land. The improvement of the current system is more focused on reducing the consumption of synthetic fertilizers and increasing the use of organic materials and reuse of production waste to reduce the value of emissions on land and the environment

scholarly journals Penerapan Metode Six Sigma untuk Menurunkan Jumlah Defect pada Produksi Fillet Ikan Kakap Putih (Lates Calcarifer bloch)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Putu Ayu Aripradnyani ◽  
I Wayan Widia ◽  
I Gusti Ketut Arya Arthawan
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Six Sigma ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Management Process ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Sigma Level ◽  
Co Gas

ABSTRAK Setiap perusahaan seyogyanya berupaya memperkecil resiko kegagalan dalam berproduksi. Tingginya persentase produk defect dalam setiap siklus produksi selain berimplikasi terhadap menurunkan kepercayaan konsumen juga menaikkan biaya produksi sehingga berakibat menurunkan daya saing produk di pasar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi faktor kritis penyebab defect pada produk dan menemukan bentuk perbaikan kinerja dalam proses manajemen yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi jumlah produk defect pada proses produksi fillet ikan kakap putih kualitas ekspor pada salah satu perusahaan pengolahan ikan di Bali menggunakan metode six sigma. Penelitian ini mencakup lima tahapan implementasi six sigma yaitu DMAI (Define, Measure, Analyze, dan Improve) yang melibatkan pihak manajemen dan karyawan perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terindentifikasi dua faktor kritis penyebab tertinggi dari enam kategori defect fillet ikan kakap putih. Karakteristik kinerja yang dicapai oleh perusahaan saat ini dicirikan oleh angka DPU (Defect per Unit) sebesar 0,09, DPO (Defect per Opportunities) sebesar 0.045, DPMO (Defect per Million Opportunities) sebesar 45,463 yang setara dengan kinerja pada level 3,125-Sigma sehinga tergolong dalam kategori tingkat kinerja rata-rata industri. Perusahaan berpotensi meraih peningkatan kinerja hinga pada level 4,000-Sigma sepanjang bersedia melakukan sejumlah perbaikan secara berkesinambungan dalam manangani baik terhadap pengawasan mutu bahan baku ikan maupun ketidaksempurnaan pemberiaan gas CO pada produk. Dengan penerapan metode six-sigma, maka faktor kritis penyebab defect tertinggi yang ditemukan yakni daging pecah/lembek dan berbau serta pemberian gas CO yang kurang merata sehingga bentuk perbaikan kinerja dalam proses manajemen yang direkomendasikan adalah menjalankan formulir checklist pada setiap proses produksi, memberikan pelatihan-pelatihan bagi karyawan dan melakukan pemeriksaan terhadap kemasan. ABSTRACT Every company should try to minimize the risk of failure in production. The high percentage of defective products in each production cycle has implications not only reducing consumer confidence but also increasing production costs, which results in lower product competitiveness in the market. The objective of this study was to identify the critical factors that cause defects in the product and find a form of performance improvement in the management process that can be done to reduce the number of defect products in the export quality white snapper fillet production process at a fish processing company in Bali using the six-sigma method. This research consisted of Six-Sigma implementation stages, namely DMAI (Define, Measure, Analyze, and Improve) which involved management and company employees. The results showed that two critical factors were identified as the highest cause of the six categories of white snapper fillet defects. The performance characteristics achieved by the company are currently characterized by a DPU (Defect per Unit) number of 0.09, DPO (Defect per Opportunities) of 0.045, DPMO (Defect per Million Opportunities) of 45.463 which is equivalent to performance at the 3,125-Sigma level so that belongs to the category of industry average performance level. The company has the potential to achieve an increase in performance up to the 4,000-Sigma level as long as it is willing to make a number of continuous improvements in handling both the quality control of fish raw materials and imperfections in the supply of CO gas in the product. With the application of the six-sigma method, the critical factors causing the highest defects were broken / mushy and smelly meat and uneven distribution of CO gas so that the recommended form of performance improvement in the management process was running a checklist form at each production process, providing training for employees and conducting an inspection of packaging.

scholarly journals Alkaline pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification of oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber for ethanol production 1) Pengolahan awal dengan basa NaOH dan sakarifikasi enzimatis serat tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) untuk produksi etanol

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanni SUDIYANI ◽  
Kiky C SEMBIRING ◽  
Hendris HENDARSYAH ◽  
Syarifah ALAWIYAH
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Enzymatic Saccharification ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Alkaline Pretreatment ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Alkali Pretreatment ◽  
Pretreatment Condition

Abstract Alkaline pretreatment of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fiber was conducted to improve enzymatic sacchari-fication of EFB fiber for ethanol production.  EFB as one of the major biomass wastes from palm oil industry is a complex lignocellulosic material consists of 41.3 – 46.5% of cellulose, 25.3 – 33.8% of hemicellulose and 27.6 – 32.5% of lignin.  Alkali pretreatment of EFB using NaOH 1 N with temperature at 30 and 600C and reaction times of 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes were investigated.  Furthermore, the enzymatic saccharification of pretreated EFB was examined. The pretreated substrate was subjected to an enzymatic saccharification using meicelase (10, 20 and 40 FPU/g substrate) at 400C, pH 4.5, 100 rpm for conversion of cellulose and hemicellulose in palm oil EFB to monomeric sugars. The alkali pretreatment of EFB using NaOH can significantly improve the enzymatic saccharification of EFB by removing more lignin and hemicellulose and increasing its accessibility to hydrolytic enzymes.  The results showed that the optimum pretreatment condition was NaOH 1 N at 300C and 90 minutes with the optimum component loss of lignin and hemicellulose was 45.8  % and 35.6  % respectively.  The saccharification of EFB pretreated by NaOH 1 N (at 300C and 90 minutes) for 45 hours and pH 4.5 resulted in optimum saccharification of 63.8 %.  Abstrak Pengolahan awal (pretreatment) serat tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dengan basa NaOH telah dilakukan untuk meningkatkan sakarifikasi enzimatik TKKS menjadi etanol.  TKKS merupakan bahan lignoselulosa yang terdiri dari selulosa 41,3– 46,%,  hemicellulosa 25,3 – 33,8% dan lignin 27,6 – 32,5%. Pretreatment TKKS dilakukan dengan NaOH 1 N dengan variasi suhu 300 dan 600C dan variasi waktu 30, 60, 90, 120 dan 150 menit.  Konversi selulosa dan hemiselulosa hasil pretreatment TKKS menjadi gula dilaku-kan dengan sakarifikasi enzimatik menggunakan enzim meiselase (10, 20 dan 40 FPU/g substrat) pada suhu 400C, pH 4,5 dengan shaker 100 rpm.  Pretretament TKKS dengan basa   NaOH   dapat   meningkatkan   sakarifikasi enzimatik dengan berkurangnya lignin dan hemiselulosa secara signifikan dan memudahkan masuknya enzim hidrolitik.  Hasil pretreatment dengan NaOH 1N pada suhu 300C dan 90 menit menunjukkan kondisi optimum untuk penghilangan lignin dan hemiselulosa berturut-turut sebesar 45,8  % and 35,6  %.  Hasil sakarifikasi optimum yaitu 63,8 % dicapai setelah 45 jam sakarifisi pada pH 4,5. 

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