scholarly journals Responses of soil respiration and barley growth to modified supply of oxygen in the soil

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. SIMOJOKI
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Molecular Diffusion ◽  
Water Film ◽  
Retention Data ◽  
Moist Soil ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Soil Air ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Soil Aeration

Roots of dry-land plants are supplied with oxygen mainly by molecular diffusion from soil air. Roots may suffer from hypoxia if soil aeration is reduced by compaction and wetting. Although the mechanisms involved are well known, more research is needed to relate soil aeration status to plant growth. The effects of reduced oxygen supply on soil respiration and the growth of barley seedlings were studied in pot experiments with fine sand soil, where the soil air composition was varied by flushing the soil with gas streams containing 0%, 2%, 6%, 10% or 20% O2 independently of compactness (bulk density 1.4, 1.6 Mg m-3) and wetness (air space 0-5%, >5%). Plant growth decreased only at 0-2% O2 in the loose moist soil but as early as 20% O2 in the wet soil. Soil compaction impaired plant growth regardless of wetting and aeration. In the loose moist soil cropped with barley, the respiration rate (emission of CO2) did not decrease at 6% O2 but decreased clearly at 0-2% O2. The results compared fairly well with the critical oxygen concentrations calculated by a simple multicylindrical model, in which the water-film thickness around the roots was estimated using soil water retention data.

scholarly journals 600 The Effect of Weed Control Methods on Soil Physical Properties and Plant Growth

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 550D-550
Author(s):  
Amy O'Leary ◽  
Paul Henry ◽  
She-Kong Chong
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Rainfall Event ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Soil Aeration ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials

There has been recent speculation in trade journals that landscape fabrics, while doing an excellent job of weed control, may have a detrimental effect on ornamental plant growth. A study is in progress to investigate the manner in which hardwood mulch and applied landscape fabric affect soil temperature, soil aeration, and water content over 18 months. Two experiments are in progress, one with compost incorporated at 50% soil volume, the other with no compost incorporation. The experimental design is a randomized complete block with four treatments (mulch, fabric, fabric plus mulch, and control) and four plants per plot. Each plot has been planted with herbaceous perennials so as to allow analysis of treatment effects on plant growth. Soil temperature within plots is monitored on a continual basis. Soil aeration is measured every two weeks using installed oxygen tubes. Water content is measured using time domain reflectometry 24 and 48 h after a significant rainfall event. Preliminary results suggest that hardwood mulch and landscape fabric are similar in their effect on soil water content 0 to 48 h after a significant rainfall event. However, after 48 h, hardwood mulch increases soil water retention compared to landscape fabric.

Evaluation of LEACHMN under dryland conditions. I. Simulation of water and solute transport

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. O. Akinremi ◽  
Y. W. Jame ◽  
C. A. Campbell ◽  
R. P. Zentner ◽  
C. Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Retention Data ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Modified Model ◽  
Water Redistribution ◽  
Fallow System ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Water Transmission

The ability to simulate the dynamics of soil nitrogen under field conditions will aid our understanding of the nitrogen cycle. Our objective was to test the water and solute components of LEACHMN using data obtained from a field lysimeter study conducted on a medium-textured soil in southwestern Saskatchewan, Canada. Our preliminary evaluation of LEACHMN showed that the retentivity and conductivity functions used in this model were not appropriate for our soil as the original model permitted water transmission through the soil profile too rapidly. We, therefore, incorporated the van Genuchten retentivity function into LEACHMN and used the same soil water retention data to generate the van Genuchten parameters. The modified model was able to reproduce changes in water and chloride concentration after minimal calibration. Overall, the value of 0.45 used for the pan coefficient for soil under fallow and 12 mm used for dispersivity produced a realistic estimation of changes in water and chloride within the soil in the 2 yr of the field experiment. The model reproduced soil water redistribution in a fallow system. There was a tendency to under-estimate soil water content during dry periods, mainly as a result of the model’s tendency to over-estimate evaporation. While the centre of mass of chloride was correctly estimated, the model under-estimated the maximum depth of chloride penetration due to a slight tendency to over-estimate evaporation. Based on our statistical and graphical evaluation of LEACHMN, the modified model is adequate for our subsequent nitrate leaching study. Key words: LEACHMN, lysimeter, dryland, water, chloride, nitrate

scholarly journals Peningkatan produktivitas tanaman kedelai kultivar Anjasmoro asal benih terdeteriorasi dengan kompos Trichoderma dan bokashi

Kultivasi ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumadi Sumadi ◽  
Denny Sobardini Sobarna ◽  
Pujawati Suryatmana ◽  
Meddy Rachmadi ◽  
Erni Suminar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Biological Agents ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Seed Coating ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Better Than

Sari. Trichoderma spp merupakan golongan fungi yang bersifat antipatogen, khususnya layu kecambah, sedangkan bokashi merupakan kompos yang diperkaya dengan beberapa mikroba yang bermanfaat bagi pertumbuhan tanaman.Tulisan ini merupakan rangkuman penelitian pot menggunakan kompos Trichoderma spp sebagai pelapis benih terdeteriorasi disertai bokashi kotoran hewan yang dilakukan pada tanah lahan kering dan tanah sawah pada tahun 2014 dan 2017. Percobaan pertama membandingkan efektivitas beberapa agen hayati sebagai pelapis benih pengaruhnya terhadap vigor benih dan hasil tanaman. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan penggunaan kompos Trichoderma hasilnya lebih baik dibandingkan agen hayati lainnya. Hasil percobaan selanjutnya menunjukkan  bahwa pelapisan benih dengan 1 sampai 3 g  kompos Trichoderma spp per 100 butir benih pengaruhnya tidak nyata dibandingkan dengan penggunaan pelapis benih berupa pestisida, baik terhadap vigor  maupun hasil biji per tanaman. Pemberian bokashi sebaliknya secara nyata mampu meningkatkan hasil biji per tanaman . Pemberian bokashi 15 t ha-1menghasilkan biji seberat 19.83 g per tanaman  atau setara dengan 2,379 t ha-1 atau 27,3 % lebih tinggi dari kontrol.Kata kunci : Benih terdeteriorasi, pelapisan benih, Trichoderma, Bokashi Abstract. Trichoderma spp is a group of antipatogenic fungi, especially seedling wilted, while bokashi is a compost enriched with some microbes that are beneficial to plant growth. This paper is a compilation of pot experiment using Trichoderma compost for coating deteriorated seed and accompanied by bokashi on dry land soil and paddy soil in 2014 and 2017 respectively. The first experiment compares the effectiveness of several biological agents as a seed coating of its effect on seed vigor and yield. The results of first experiment showed that the use of 2 g Trichoderma compost 100 seeds-1 was better than other biological agents. However between 1.2 and 3 g of Trichoderma compost per 100 seeds was not significant effect on seed vigor and yield. The results of experiment showed that the coating of seeds with 1 – 3 g of Trichoderma spp compost 100 compared with pesticide seed coatings. Increased of yield only affected bokashi application. Application of bokashi 15 t ha-1 abble to produce 19.83 g seed per plant or equivalent to 2.379 t ha-1 or 27.3% higher than the control.Key words: deteriorated seeds, seed coating, Trichoderma, bokashi

scholarly journals Transformation of non-water sorbing fly ash to a water sorbing material for drought management

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhisekh Saha ◽  
Sreedeep Sekharan ◽  
Uttam Manna ◽  
Lingaraj Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
High Water ◽  
Drought Management ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Superabsorbent Hydrogel ◽  
Industrial Solid Waste ◽  
Agricultural Applications

Abstract Securing water in the soil through suitable amendments is one of the methods for drought management in arid regions. In this study, a poor water sorbing fly ash was transformed into a high water-absorbing material for improving soil water retention during the drought period. The fly ash water absorbent (FAWA) exhibited high water-absorbing capacity (WAC) of 310 g/g at par with commercially available superabsorbent hydrogel (SAH). The FAWA showed excellent re-swelling behavior for more than eight alternate wetting–drying cycles. The WAC of FAWA was sensitive to salt type, pH, and ionic strength of the solution. At maximum salinity level permitted for plant growth, the WAC of FAWA was 80 g/g indicating its suitability for drought management. There was only a marginal WAC variation in the range of pH (5.5–7.5) considered most suitable for plant growth. The drying characteristics of FAWA amended soil exhibited an increase in desaturation time by 3.3, 2.2, and 1.5 times for fine sand, silt loam, and clay loam, respectively. The study demonstrates the success of using a low rate of FAWA for drought management with the advantage of offering a non-toxic and eco-friendly solution to mass utilization of industrial solid waste for agricultural applications.

Changes in soil aeration and soil respiration of simulated grave soils after quicklime application

2017 ◽  
Vol 180 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anneka Mordhorst ◽  
Iris Zimmermann ◽  
Heiner Fleige ◽  
Rainer Horn
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Aeration

scholarly journals Evaluating the E3SM land model version 0 (ELMv0) at a temperate forest site using flux and soil water measurements

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1601-1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyi Liang ◽  
Gangsheng Wang ◽  
Daniel M. Ricciuto ◽  
Lianhong Gu ◽  
Paul J. Hanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Water Retention Curve ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Soil Water Retention Curve ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Retention Curve ◽  
Growing Seasons

Abstract. Accurate simulations of soil respiration and carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes are critical to project global biogeochemical cycles and the magnitude of carbon–climate feedbacks in Earth system models (ESMs). Currently, soil respiration is not represented well in ESMs, and few studies have attempted to address this deficiency. In this study, we evaluated the simulation of soil respiration in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) land model version 0 (ELMv0) using long-term observations from the Missouri Ozark AmeriFlux (MOFLUX) forest site in the central US. Simulations using the default model parameters underestimated soil water potential (SWP) during peak growing seasons and overestimated SWP during non-growing seasons and consequently underestimated annual soil respiration and gross primary production (GPP). A site-specific soil water retention curve greatly improved model simulations of SWP, GPP, and soil respiration. However, the model continued to underestimate the seasonal and interannual variabilities and the impact of the extreme drought in 2012. Potential reasons may include inadequate representations of vegetation mortality, the soil moisture function, and the dynamics of microbial organisms and soil macroinvertebrates. Our results indicate that the simulations of mean annual GPP and soil respiration can be significantly improved by better model representations of the soil water retention curve.

scholarly journals Prediction of soil water retention properties using pore-size distribution and porosity

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher T.S. Beckett ◽  
Charles E. Augarde
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size Distribution ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Adsorbed Water ◽  
Retention Data ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Pore Size Distributions ◽  
Water Retention Properties

Several models have been suggested to link a soil's pore-size distribution to its retention properties. This paper presents a method that builds on previous techniques by incorporating porosity and particles of different sizes, shapes, and separation distances to predict soil water retention properties. Mechanisms are suggested for the determination of both the main drying and wetting paths, which incorporate an adsorbed water phase and retention hysteresis. Predicted results are then compared with measured retention data to validate the model and to provide a foundation for discussing the validity and limitations of using pore-size distributions to predict retention properties.

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