scholarly journals Determination of organic phosphorus in samples of peat soils

1955 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-115
Author(s):  
Armi Kaila ◽  
Oili Virtanen
Keyword(s):  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Alkali Extraction ◽  
Mineral Soils

Attention was paid in the present paper to the fact that the precision of the values obtained by different methods for the total organic phosphorus in soil cannot be very high. Even the variation caused by the treatment of the extracts and connected with the colorimetric estimation of phosphate in the solution makes it impossible to report the results more accurately than by 10—20 ppm organic P, at least if routine analyses are in question. Although the somewhat modified methods of Dean, Wrenshall and Dyer,. Pearson, and Mehta et al. yielded equal results for the organic phosphorus content of the respective mineral soils and of most of the peat soils analyzed, the treatment with cold alkali in the Wrenshall and Dyer procedure apparently failed to extract the organic phosphorus from two peat samples as quantitatively as the treatment with hot alkali in the other methods. On the basis of this observations a new modification of the method of Wrenshall and Dyer was proposed. It consists of an extraction of 1-g sample with 25 ml of 4 N sulphuric acid at room temperature for 18 hours, followed by washing with water and two successive extractions with 100 ml of 0.5 N sodium hydroxide, the first of them for 18 hours at room temperature, the second for 4 hours at 90°C. This method was found to extract from 40 peat soil samples on the average about 97 per cent of the total phosphorus dissolved by the Kjeldahl digestion and about 9 per cent more organic phosphorus than the method of Pearson. Experiments concerning the ignition and acid extraction procedures indicated that the method of Ghani was not suitable for the determination of organic phosphorus in the twelve samples analysed. The extraction with sulphuric acid showed no marked differences between the increase in the soluble phosphorus due to the ignition when the ratio of extraction was varied from 1:40 to 1:200, and the extractant from 0.2 N acid to 5 N acid. The results obtained for 40 peat samples by ignition for one hour at 600°C and extraction of the ignited and untreated samples with 0.2 N sulphuric acid in a ratio of 1:100 for half an hour were on the average 8 per cent higher than those given by the proposed acid-alkali extraction. The total organic phosphorus content of soil may probably be somewhat higher than the figure yielded by the acid-alkali extraction and slightly lower than the value obtained by the ignition method. For the present, the most reliable result seems to be found in the average of the data given by these two methods.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EPIDERMAL LAYER OF CARROT ROOTS GROWN ON PEAT AND MINERAL SOIL

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 513-517
Author(s):  
E. W. CHIPMAN ◽  
F. R. FORSYTH
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Epidermal Layer ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Mineral Soils

The epidermal layer of carrot roots grown on peat soil contained more ascorbic acid and less phenols, carotene, reducing sugars, and dry matter than those from a mineral soil. The increased level of phenol and the decreased level of the anti-oxidant ascorbic acid are the likely contributing causes of the increased browning of carrots in mineral soils relative to peat soils.

scholarly journals THE SYNTHESIS OF 1,3-DIMETHYL-6,7-DIMETHOXY-3,4-DIHYDROISOQUINOLINE FROM METHYLEUGENOL : APPLICATION OF RITTER REACTION FOR DIRECTLY CYCLIZATION

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Farid Rahman ◽  
Elvina Dhiaul Iftitah
Keyword(s):  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Ritter Reaction ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
Semi Empirical

The synthesis of 1,3-dimethyl-6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline from methyleugenol with application of Ritter reaction for directly cyclization was presented. This research was carried out in 2 steps : (1) Determination of intermediate stability that undergo in the reaction by using hyperchem version 6 with AM 1 semi empirical method, and (2) Synthesis of dihydroisoquinoline from methyleugenol and acetonitrile with acid catalyst (H2SO4) in the laboratory. The result of AM 1 calculation found that generally, the intermediate encourage the formation dihydroisoquinoline product, had low energy were compared with the intermediate in other product. Therefore, the dihydroisoquinoline product was easily formed. The result of experimental laboratory found that dihydroisoquinoline could be synthesed from methyleugenol and acetonitrile in the presence sulphuric acid under reflux in 74,92% yields. In despite, the minor product was formed with amount 6,74%. While the reaction at room temperature gave dihydroisoquinoline in poor yield about 11,42%.   Keywords: stability of intermediate, dihydroisoquinoline, Ritter reaction

scholarly journals Effect on a peat soil of application of superphosphate at various rates

1959 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-130
Author(s):  
Armi Kaila
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Untreated Soil ◽  
Total Phosphorus Content ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Better Than

The effect on a fen soil of superphosphate applied for 34 years at the annual rates of 0, 100, 200, and 300 kg/ha was studied. The material consisted of samples from a field trial at the Leteensuo Experiment Station. The soil samples from the ploughing layer were collected in autumn 1956, and the hay samples from the crop harvested in 1957. The hay yields from the treatments with 200 or 300 kg/ha of superphosphate were about 7400 kg/ha, and the phosphorus content of the hay 1.69 and 1.85 per cent, respectively. The treatment with 100 kg/ha of superphosphate yielded only about 5100 kg/ha of hay dry matter with a very low phosphorus content, 0.96 per cent. The yield from the untreated plots was almost negligible. Also the biological and chemical soil tests showed that the untreated soil was almost depleted of available phosphorus. The phosphorus conditions in the soil annually treated with 100 kg/ha of superphosphate were not significantly better than in the untreated soil. An annual anplication of 200kg/ha of superphosphate was able to maintain a more satisfactory rate of available phosphorus in the soil, but only the treatment with 300 kg/ha of superphosphate resulted in markedly higher test values than those for the lower treatments. The total phosphorus content of the soil was the higher the larger the amount of superphosphate applied. About 40 to 50 per cent of the differences between the total phosphorus content of the treated and untreated samples was due to organic phosphorus. The potassium content of the hay was the lower the higher the superphosphate treatment. The hay from the treatment with 300 kg/ha of superphosphate contained only 1.25 per cent potassium. The possibility that potassium was a minimum factor in this treatment was discussed.

scholarly journals Water-extractable organic matter in the profile of mineral and organic soils of Upper Dniester alluvial plane

2017 ◽  
pp. 181-190
Author(s):  
Partyka T. ◽  
Hamkalo Z.
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Labile Pool ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Extractable Organic Matter

Content of cold water extracted organic matter (CWEOM) in organic and mineral soils of Upperdniester alluvial plane was estimated. The largest CWEOM content (mg∙100 g-1) in the upper (10 cm) soil layers was found in peat soils – 105-135, and the smallest – 20-30– in arable sod and meadow soils. The highest CWEOM content was found in the lower horizons of peat soil, where it reaches 290 mg∙100 g-1. Strong correlation (r=0.81 -0.99; P<0.05) between CWEOM and TOC was found. It indicates the presence of dynamic equilibrium in the SOM system that supports certain level of labile pool compounds – the main source of bioavailable materials and energy.

EVALUATION OF METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF TOTAL ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS IN CHERNOZEMIC SOILS OF SOUTHERN ALBERTA

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Dormaar
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Qualitative Work ◽  
Evaluation Of Methods

Two Orthic Chernozemic profiles of each of four parent materials were selected at undisturbed sites within the Brown, Dark Brown, and Thin Black soil zones of southern Alberta. This constituted 24 profiles representing 12 Chernozemic soil series. Material from the Ah and Bm horizons was subjected to nine procedures for estimating total organic phosphorus.The data of this study generally substantiated the usefulness of a modified Kaila–Virtanen method for these soils. With some soils, such as those from the Brown soil zone and those developed from aeolian parent material, other methods gave similar results. Reproducible results were obtained with only four methods.The efficiency of estimation of some of the methods decreased as organic phosphorus content of the soil increased. This, together with several other observations, suggests that the organic phosphorus of soils cannot be measured quantitatively at present. Several of the comparisons between methods, however, will be useful for further qualitative work.

Collaborative Study of Automated Determination of Phosphorus in Meat Products

1972 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
Walter M Gantenbein
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Average Standard Deviation ◽  
Colorimetric Measurement ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Average Coefficient ◽  
Automated Determination

Abstract A collaborative study has been conducted on a modification of a previously reported automated method for phosphorus in meat products. Samples were dissolved in 1 + 1 sulfuric acid, cooled to room temperature, and presented to an AutoAnalyzer system. Digestion, dilution, and colorimetric measurement of phosphorus content were performed automatically. Six collaborators participated in the study, analyzing 8 different samples in duplicate. Results of the study were good, with an average range of 0.012% P, average standard deviation of ±0.0047, and average coefficient of variation of 2.32%. The method is recommended for adoption as official first action.

scholarly journals Determination of total organic phosphorus in samples of mineral soils

1962 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-196
Author(s):  
Armi Kaila
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Partial Hydrolysis ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Mineral Soils

In this paper some observations on the estimation of organic phosphorus in mineral soils are reported. The fact is emphasized that the accuracy of all the methods available is relatively poor. Usually, there are no reasons to pay attention to differences less than about 20 ppm. of organic P. Analyses performed on 345 samples of Finnish mineral soils by the extraction method of MEHTA et. al. (10) and by a simple procedure adopted by the author (successive extractions with 4 N H2SO4 and 0.5 N NaOH at room temperature in the ratio of 1 to 100) gave, on the average, equal results. It seemed to be likely that the MEHTA method removed the organic phosphorus more completely than did the less vigorous method, but in the former the partial hydrolysis of organic phosphorus compounds tends to be higher than in the latter. An attempt was made to find out whether the differences between the respective values for organic phosphorus obtained by an ignition method and the simple extraction method could be connected with any characteristics of the soil. No correlation or only a low correlation coefficient could be calculated between the difference in the results of these two methods and e. g. the pH-value, the content of clay, organic carbon, aluminium and iron soluble in Tamm’s acid oxalate, the indicator of the phosphate sorption capacity, or the »Fe-bound» inorganic phosphorus, respectively. The absolute difference tended to increase with an increase in the content of organic phosphorus. For the 250 samples of surface soils analyzed, the ignition method gave values which were, on the average, about 50 ppm. higher than the results obtained by the extraction procedure. The corresponding difference for the 120 samples from deeper layers was about 20 ppm of organic P. The author recommends, for the present, the determination of the total soil organic phosphorus as an average of the results obtained by the ignition method and the extraction method.

scholarly journals Sequential Extraction of Potentially Toxic Metals: Alteration of Method for Cu-Ni Polluted Peat Soil of Industrial Barren

Toxics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Marina V. Slukovskaya ◽  
Irina P. Kremenetskaya ◽  
Svetlana V. Drogobuzhskaya ◽  
Andrey I. Novikov
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Acetate Buffer ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Ammonium Acetate Buffer ◽  
Fraction Composition ◽  
Metal Fraction

An evaluation of fraction composition and transformation of metal compounds emitted by metal ore processing enterprises and accumulated in soils is crucial for assessing the environmental risks of pollution and ecosystem benefit of remediation. The aim of this study was to develop a suitable sequential fractional procedure for metal pollutants for the peat soils matrix in the impact zone of a Cu-Ni smelter. Three experiment series were performed: (a) the study of the effect of ammonium acetate buffer pH in the range of 3.7–7.8 on the soil metal extraction; (b) the study of the effect of additional volume and frequency of soil treatment with solutions on the content of water-soluble, ammonium acetate extractable, and 0.1 N HNO3 extractable fractions; and, (c) the determination of the metal fraction composition in the modified technique. Soil treatment with ammonium acetate buffer with a pH range of 4.5–5.5 was the most appropriate for the determination of mobile compounds of Cu and other metals in highly polluted peat soil. Triple soil treatment with water and ammonium acetate is necessary for the complete extraction of the water-soluble and exchangeable fractions, respectively. Additionally, we propose a procedure of full extraction of the exchangeable metal fraction from peat soils while using single treatment with 0.1 N HNO3. This scheme allows evaluating geochemical mobility of metals and current environmental harm of polluted soils with a high content of organic matter.

White lupin: An alternative to pea in oat-legume forage mixtures grown in Newfoundland

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. McKenzie ◽  
D. Spaner
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Lupinus Albus L

"Peas-oats-vetch" is a traditional annual forage crop in Newfoundland, cut as needed in late fall, and fed as fresh feed. We tested the potential of increasing yield biomass and N concentration of the annual forage mixture through the substitution of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) for pea (Pisum sativum L.) in 1990 and 1991. On mineral soils, lupin and pea were seeded at rates of 10, 20, 40, and 80 seeds m−2 in 132 seeds m−2 oat (Avena sativa L.) mixtures, and compared with pure-stand oat. Oat-lupin and oat-pea mixtures, planted at similar seeding rates, were also harvested at weekly intervals between 8 and 14 wk after planting. Oat-lupin, oat-pea and pure-stand oat were evaluated in an additional experiment on peat soils. On mineral soils, oat-lupin mixtures yielded forage with similar, or greater, dry matter yields and N concentration than pure-stand oats and oat-pea mixtures. Greatest yields were attained when mixtures were planted with 20 to 40 lupin seeds m−2, and harvested 10 to 12 wk after early summer planting. On peat soils, white lupins were susceptible to diseases that did not affect peas, resulting in oat-lupin yields that did not differ from pure-stand oats. White lupin can be considered an alternative legume in oat-legume mixtures grown on mineral soils in eastern Newfoundland. Key words: Lupinus albus L., Pisum sativum L., oat-legume forage, podzolic soil, peat soil

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