scholarly journals Water-extractable organic matter in the profile of mineral and organic soils of Upper Dniester alluvial plane

2017 ◽  
pp. 181-190
Author(s):  
Partyka T. ◽  
Hamkalo Z.
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Labile Pool ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Extractable Organic Matter

Content of cold water extracted organic matter (CWEOM) in organic and mineral soils of Upperdniester alluvial plane was estimated. The largest CWEOM content (mg∙100 g-1) in the upper (10 cm) soil layers was found in peat soils – 105-135, and the smallest – 20-30– in arable sod and meadow soils. The highest CWEOM content was found in the lower horizons of peat soil, where it reaches 290 mg∙100 g-1. Strong correlation (r=0.81 -0.99; P<0.05) between CWEOM and TOC was found. It indicates the presence of dynamic equilibrium in the SOM system that supports certain level of labile pool compounds – the main source of bioavailable materials and energy.

scholarly journals Identifying Peat Soil Layers in the South Kalimantan, Indonesia Using K-Means Clustering

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mimin Iryanti ◽  
Ahmad Aminudin ◽  
Eleonora Agustine ◽  
Satria Bijaksana ◽  
Wahyu Srigutomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Loss On Ignition ◽  
The South ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Electrical And Magnetic Properties ◽  
Mineral Soils

Various type of soils have been identified based on their electrical and magnetic properties, especially with regards to peat soils. Peat soils are commonly considered as partly decomposed vegetation. In this study, electrical and magnetic properties have been used in K-means clustering to identify layers of peat soils. K-means clustering is a partitioning method that treats observations in the data. Data cores were obtained at every centimeter and examined for their electrical conductivity (&sigma;) and magnetic susceptibility (&chi;m) properties. A 291 cm core was obtained at Tegal Arum Village in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. The K-means clustering results indicate two different layers at 148 cm, and this is supported by loss on ignition (LOI) measurements. In the first layers, a 87.65% LOI was found associated with peat soils (above 248 cm). Whereas, in the second layers, there was a 26.11% LOI associated with mineral soils (below 248 cm). The results of this study using K-means clustering can be used to delineate soil layers.

scholarly journals Vulnerability of soil organic matter of anthropogenically disturbed organic soils

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelie Säurich ◽  
Bärbel Tiemeyer ◽  
Axel Don ◽  
Michel Bechtold ◽  
Wulf Amelung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract. Drained peatlands are hotspots of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from agriculture. As a consequence of both drainage-induced mineralisation and anthropogenic mixing with mineral soils, large areas of former peatlands under agricultural use now contain soil organic carbon (SOC) at the boundary between mineral and organic soils and/or underwent a secondary transformation of the peat (e.g. formation of aggregates). However, low carbon organic soils have rarely been studied since previous research has mainly focused on either mineral soils or true peat soils. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the soil organic matter (SOM) vulnerability of the whole range of organic soils including very carbon rich mineral soils (73 g kg−1 

scholarly journals The influence of feed quality from peat soils on the productivity of cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012017
Author(s):  
A N Ulanov ◽  
V N Kovshova ◽  
O G Mokrushina ◽  
A V Smirnova ◽  
A L Glubokovskih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Livestock Products

Abstract In the context of the implementation of environmental, resource-saving systems of agriculture, research in the system of biogeocenosis is very relevant: soil – plant-feed-animal-livestock products. Peatlands and developed peat soils are a kind of environment for human activity in this system. As a result of many years of research, it was found that perennial grasses grown on peat soils have differences in chemical composition compared to plants grown on mineral soils. They contain more organic matter and raw protein. However, their digestibility of nutrients is lower than in herbs grown on mineral soils. Therefore, for a full-fledged balanced feeding of cows, the realization of the genetic potential of animal productivity, and the preservation of their health, scientifically-based diets are necessary, developed on the basis of bulky feeds obtained from peat and developed soils, with the introduction of appropriate feed additives in them.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EPIDERMAL LAYER OF CARROT ROOTS GROWN ON PEAT AND MINERAL SOIL

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 513-517
Author(s):  
E. W. CHIPMAN ◽  
F. R. FORSYTH
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Epidermal Layer ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Mineral Soils

The epidermal layer of carrot roots grown on peat soil contained more ascorbic acid and less phenols, carotene, reducing sugars, and dry matter than those from a mineral soil. The increased level of phenol and the decreased level of the anti-oxidant ascorbic acid are the likely contributing causes of the increased browning of carrots in mineral soils relative to peat soils.

Field dissipation of S-metolachlor in organic and mineral soils used for sugarcane production in Florida

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-370
Author(s):  
Jose V. Fernandez ◽  
D. Calvin Odero ◽  
Gregory E. MacDonald ◽  
Jason A. Ferrell ◽  
Brent A. Sellers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Sugarcane Production ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Moisture Conditions

AbstractDissipation of S-metolachlor, a soil-applied herbicide, on organic and mineral soils used for sugarcane production in Florida was evaluated using field studies in 2013 to 2016. S-metolachlor was applied PRE at 2,270 g ha−1 on organic and mineral soils with 75% and 1.6% organic matter, respectively. The rate of dissipation of S-metolachlor was rapid on mineral soils compared with organic soils. Dissipation of S-metolachlor on organic soils followed a negative linear trend resulting in half-lives (DT50) ranging from 50 to 126 d. S-metolachlor loss on organic soils was more rapid under high soil-moisture conditions than in corresponding low soil-moisture conditions. On mineral soils, dissipation of S-metolachlor followed an exponential decline. The DT50 of S-metolachlor on mineral soils ranged from 12 to 24 d. The short persistence of S-metolachlor on mineral soils was likely attributed to low organic matter content with limited adsorptive capability. The results indicate that organic matter content and soil moisture are important for persistence of S-metolachlor on organic and mineral soils used for sugarcane production in Florida.

IRON-MANGANESE AND OTHER PANS IN SOME SOILS OF NEWFOUNDLAND

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. McKeague ◽  
A. W. H. Damman ◽  
P. K. Heringa
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Mapping ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Hydrous Oxides ◽  
Organic Complexes ◽  
Black Layer ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Iron Manganese

The thin, dark-colored, cemented layers that occur commonly in coarse deposits under peat in humid coastal areas of Newfoundland were found to be cemented mainly by amorphous Fe and Mn or by Fe compounds. The Mn contents of these pans varied from about 0.1 to 15%, and Mn tended to accumulate in the lower part of the pan. The Fe-Mo pans could be distinguished in the field from Fe or Fe-organic matter pans by the fact that the black layer at the base of the Fe-Mn pans reacted vigorously with cold 3% H2O2. The Fe-organic pans, which usually had a rusty brown layer at the base, reacted only slowly. The Fe-Mn pans were associated generally with more humid conditions, as indicated by a greater thickness of peat, than those characteristic of the Fe-organic matter pans. We think that reduction, translocation as Fe+2 and Mn+2 and subsequent oxidation and precipitation of mixed hydrous oxides must be involved in the formation of the Fe-Mn pans, whereas translocation and precipitation of Fe-organic complexes are thought to be involved in the formation of Fe-organic matter pans.Many of the Fe-Mn pans occur below organic soils, but they also occur within the sola of some mineral soils. Thus, they should be recognized in soil mapping and accommodated in the soil classification system.

scholarly journals Organic Matter Causes Chemical Pollutant Dissipation Along With Adsorption and Microbial Degradation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vilhelmiina Harju ◽  
Ilkka Närhi ◽  
Marja Mattsson ◽  
Kaisa Kerminen ◽  
Merja H. Kontro
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Degradation ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
First Response ◽  
Chemical Pollutant ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Soil And Sediment

Views on the entry of organic pollutants into the organic matter (OM) decaying process are divergent, and in part poorly understood. To clarify these interactions, pesticide dissipation was monitored in organic and mineral soils not adapted to contaminants for 241 days; in groundwater sediment slurries adapted to pesticides for 399 days; and in their sterilized counterparts with and without peat (5%) or compost-peat-sand (CPS, 15%) mixture addition. The results showed that simazine, atrazine and terbuthylazine (not sediment slurries) were chemically dissipated in the organic soil, and peat or CPS-amended soils and sediment slurries, but not in the mineral soil or sediment slurries. Hexazinone was chemically dissipated best in the peat amended mineral soil and sediment slurries. In contrast, dichlobenil chemically dissipated in the mineral soil and sediment slurries. The dissipation product 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM) concentrations were lowest in the mineral soil, while dissipation was generally poor regardless of plant-derived OM, only algal agar enhanced its chemical dissipation. Based on sterilized counterparts, only terbutryn appeared to be microbially degraded in the organic soil, i.e., chemical dissipation of pesticides would appear to be utmost important, and could be the first response in the natural cleansing capacity of the environment, during which microbial degradation evolves. Consistent with compound-specific dissipation in the mineral or organic environments, long-term concentrations of pentachloroaniline and hexachlorobenzene were lowest in the mineral-rich soils, while concentrations of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DTT) and metabolites were lowest in the organic soils of old market gardens. OM amendments changed pesticide dissipation in the mineral soil towards that observed in the organic soil; that is OM accelerated, slowed down or stopped dissipation.

Challenges of using microbial explicit models for evaluating organic matter decomposition in predominantly organic soils 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debjani Sihi ◽  
Stefan Gerber
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Carbon Limitation ◽  
Classical Models ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Som Decomposition

&lt;p class=&quot;rolelistitem&quot;&gt;Models of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition are critical for predicting the fate of soil carbon (and nutrient) under changing climate. Traditionally, models have used a simple set-up where the substrate is divided into conceptual pools to represent their resistance to microbial degradation, and decomposition rates are often proportional to the amount of substrate in each pool. Emerging models now consider explicit microbial dynamics and show that SOM loss under warming may be fundamentally different from the classical models. Microbial explicit models use reaction kinetics, represented on a concentration basis. However, when the substrate makes up most of the volume of soils (e.g., the organic horizon in forest soils or peat), an increase or decrease in SOM does not, or only very little, affect concentrations of microbes and substrate. Consequently, reduction in SOM does not reduce the amount of substrate the microbial biomass encounters. This problem does not occur in classical models like CENTURY. We incorporated the effect of organic matter on soil volume in several microbial models. If microbes are solely limited by enzymes, organic soils or peats are decomposed very quickly as there is no mechanism that stops the positive feedback between microbial growth and SOM concentration until the substrate is gone. Alternative formulations that account for carbon limitation or microbial &amp;#8216;cannibalism&amp;#8217; display a sweet spot of soil carbon concentration. Interestingly, a response to warming will depend on the amount of organic vs. mineral materials. Apparent Q&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; was higher in fully organic soil than in mineral soils, which was pronounced when small to moderate amounts of the mineral matter was present that diluted the substrate for microbes. We suggest that model formulations need to be clear about the assumption in key processes, as each of the steps in the cascade of biogeochemical reaction can produce surprising results.&lt;/p&gt;

Leaching of Five Thiocarbamate Herbicides in Soils

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reed A. Gray ◽  
Andre J. Weierich
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Glass Columns ◽  
Mineral Soils

The depths of leaching of S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC), S-propyl butylethylthiocarbamate (pebulate), S-propyl dipropylthiocarbamate (vernolate), S-ethyl hexahydro-lH-azepine-l-carbothioate (molinate), and S-ethyl cyclohexylethylthiocarbamate (hereinafter referred to as R-2063) were compared in five different types of soils contained in glass columns. The depths of leaching in mineral soils were directly correlated with the water solubilities of the herbicides. The order of leaching from greatest to the least was molinate, EPTC, vernolate, pebulate, and R-2063. With all compounds tested, the depth of leaching decreased as the clay content of the soil increased. Leaching depth also decreased as organic matter increased. In peat soil containing 35% organic matter, no movement out of the treated zone could be detected with any of the thiocarbamate herbicides tested when leached with 8 in of water.

scholarly journals A TECHNIQUE FOR MOUNTING AND PRESERVING PEAT SOIL MONOLITHS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
HENRI DINEL
Keyword(s):  
Current Practice ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
Color Structure ◽  
Teaching Aids ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
A Current

The mounting and. preserving of soil profiles is a current practice to keep reference soils for scientific needs, teaching aids and display purposes. Techniques described in the literature (Berger and Muckenhirn 1945; Bushnell 1930; Day 1968; van Baren and Bomer 1979; Hammond 1974) have been proven satisfactory for mineral soils. However, when applied to organic soils, they have failed to minimize changes to the physical (shrinkage) and chemical (oxydation) nature of the soil material. The proposed technique offers an alternative which reduces shrinkage on drying and fixes the physical and morphological features such as color, structure and appearance in their in situ state. Key words: Peat, organic soils, monoliths, polyester mounting

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