scholarly journals Effect of liming on basic exchangeable cations of soil

1974 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
Armi Kaila
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Incubation Experiment ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Heavy Clay ◽  
Net Release ◽  
Made In

The effect of liming on the basic exchangeable cations in a sand, a heavy clay and a muddy clay soil was studied with a 9 month’s incubation experiment under laboratory conditions. Besides, observations were made in connection with some other incubation and field experiments. It was found that application of CaCO3 in amounts which reduced the acidity to about pH 7. decreased the content of exchangeable Mg in all experiments, and even a lower application effectively prevented any net release of nonexchangeable Mg which occurred in the muddy clay samples incubated without lime. Some fixation of K was also usually detected, but liming increased the amount of exchangeable Na. Essential differences apparently exist between the mechanisms of the retention of Mg and K induced by liming: Significantly lower amounts of Mg was extracted by 0.5 HCI from the limed samples of the heavy clay and muddy clay soil than from the original ones, while the contrary was true with K. The mechanisms connected with the Mg fixation were discussed. Attention was paid to the possibility that the usually poor Mg supporting ability of Finnish muddy clay soils may be partly connected with the heavy liming necessary for the cultivation of these acid soils.

Investigations in crop husbandry. III. Effect of time of application of sulphate of ammonia to wheat

1936 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. Garner ◽  
H. G. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Plant Establishment ◽  
Poor Condition ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Gravelly Soil ◽  
Heavy Clay ◽  
Crop Husbandry

1. Over a period of six years seven field experiments were carried out to study the effect of the time of application of sulphate of ammonia to autumn-sown wheat.2. Three experiments were located on light gravelly soil which had been farmed highly for some years, and in those three cases sulphate of ammonia decreased yield, irrespective of time of application; the reduction in yield was of the order of 10 per cent. and is ascribed to more lodging and greater incidence of “foot-rot”.3. Three experiments were located on heavy clay soil in poor condition; in these sulphate of ammonia gave percentage increases in yield of 18, 20 and 7.4. Evidence is produced that early dressings of sulphate of ammonia do not affect germination or plant establishment, but that they tend to increase tiller formation by the end of February.

scholarly journals MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF ENDOSULFAN IN AGRICULTURAL SOILS

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 233 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Ismail ◽  
A.O.S. Enoma
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Microbial Degradation ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Endosulfan Sulphate

A study of the degradation of endosulfan (6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 10-hexachloro – 1, 5, 5a, 6, 9, 9a –hexahydro – 6, 9- methano – 2, 4, 3 – benzodioxanthiepin 3 – oxide) in Malaysian sandy loam and clay soils was carried out using a radioisotopic technique under laboratory conditions. It was demonstrated that endosulfan possessed long half-lives of 433, 495 and 462 days in aerobic sandy loam, aerobic clay and anaerobic clay soils respectively. Endosulfan degrades faster in non-sterile than in sterile soils. This study indicates that microorganisms are involved in the degradation of endosulfan. In general, degradation of the pesticide was relatively higher in the clay soil than in the sandy soil. Apart from the parent compounds, α- and β-isomers, the degradation products include endosulfan sulphate and three minor unidentified products. 

Rice (Oryza sativa) response to clomazone

Weed Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Jordan ◽  
Patrick K. Bollich ◽  
Ann B. Burns ◽  
Douglas M. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Silty Clay Soil ◽  
Additional Field

Experiments were conducted in 1993 and 1994 to determine if seed treated with disulfoton at 3, 6, or 12 g ai kg−1 reduced bleaching of rice foliage caused by clomazone applied delayed preemergence at 0.56, 1.1, 1.7, or 2.2 kg ai ha−1 on silt loam and silty clay soils. Clomazone injured rice more on silt loam soil than on silty clay soil. Disulfoton reduced bleaching caused by clomazone. In additional field experiments conducted during 1995 and 1996, clomazone at rates as high as 2.2 kg ha−1 did not affect grain yield in seven of 10 experiments. Clomazone at rates below 1.7 kg ha−1 did not reduce grain yield in any of the experiments.

Predicting lime-induced changes in soil-pH From exchangeable aluminum, soil-Ph, total exchangeable cations and organic-carbon values measured on unlimed soils

Soil Research ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Hochman ◽  
GJ Crocker ◽  
EB Dettman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration

The 'Lime-it' model is a decision support system for graziers wanting to lime acid soils. In this study we used field experimental data to test, improve and validate the model's ability to predict changes in soil pH due to variable rates of lime. Data from 13 field experiments, in which soil parameters were measured 1 year after liming acid soils, were used to derive an index of pH responsiveness to lime (LRI) at each site. Multivariate analysis was used to derive a predictive model: LRI was found to be significantly correlated (P < 0.0001) with hydrogen ion concentration ([H+]x 105 ), exchangeable aluminium (Al), exchangeable cations (TEC) and percent organic carbon (C) data of the unlimed soils. The multivariate equation was then tested against an independent data set by comparing the predicted pH change with the measured pH change for eight soils. This evaluation, though generally acceptable, showed a small but significant deviation from the desired 1:1 ratio between observed and predicted pH change. We re-calibrated the model for the combined data to derive the model: LRI = 0.764 + 0.042 [H+] - 0.016 TEC - 0.097 Al - 0.016 C. When this model was tested over the whole data set for predicted v. measured pH changes, the following result was found: measured pH change = 1.01 (predicted pH change) - 0.05 (R2 = 0.85, n = 308). The implications of the predictive equation are considered with regard to the mechanisms that are thought to be associated with pH buffering.

scholarly journals Distribution and Restricted Vertical Movement of Nematodes in a Heavy Clay Soil

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Oliver Knox ◽  
Katherine Polain ◽  
Elijha Fortescue ◽  
Bryan Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sample ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Vertical Movement ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Nematode Control ◽  
Sample Depth ◽  
Heavy Clay ◽  
Chemical Availability

A large part of Australia’s broad acre irrigation industry, which includes cotton, is farmed on heavy clay Vertosols. Recent changes in nematicide chemical availability, changes in rotations and the observation of the reniform nematode in central Queensland has highlighted that we need to improve our understanding of nematodes in these soils. We undertook preliminary investigations into distribution by depth under a cotton-cotton and cotton-maize rotation as well as vertical movement experiments in microcosms to better understand nematode distribution and movement in heavy clay soils. Analysis revealed that field populations decreased with soil sample depth, but there were also differences between rotations. In microcosm experiments, vertical movement of nematodes in these heavy clay soils was restricted, even in the presence of plant roots and moisture, both of which were hypothesised to improve nematode migration. The results imply that crop rotation currently remains a plausible option for nematode control, and that we still have a lot to learn about the ecology of nematode populations in Vertosols.

Plant responses to nitrogen and sulphur on a heavy clay soil from the Darling Downs, south-east Queensland

1952 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
CS Andrew ◽  
EH Kipps ◽  
H Barford
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Zinc Availability ◽  
Pot Experiments ◽  
Heavy Clay ◽  
Principal Elements

Pot experiments in connection with investigations into poor establishment of certain pasture species on several heavy clay soils on the Darling Downs have shown nitrogen and sulphur to be the principal elements limiting plant growth. Addition of these nutrients in combination to the soil has resulted in a substantial increase in plant growth associated with an even greater increase in protein production. These increases greatly exceed those obtained with either nutrient singly. Zinc availability in the soil is also discussed.

scholarly journals Field experiments on phosphate fertilizers. A joint investigation

1959 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Cooke ◽  
F. V. Widdowson
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Dicalcium Phosphate ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Phosphate Dihydrate ◽  
Joint Investigation ◽  
Pilot Plant Scale ◽  
Made In

The results of about ninety field experiments carried out over three years to test dicalcium phosphate, nitrophosphate, ammoniated fertilizer and Gafsa rock phosphate are summarized and discussed. Soils with pH values of 6·5 and below are listed as ‘acid’, those with higher pH values as ‘neutral’. All comparisons were made in terms of fertilizers supplying the same total amounts of phosphorus.Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate gave approximately the same yields as superphosphate for potatoes (both on acid and on neutral soils) and for grass, kale and barley. In one group of swede experiments mostly carried out in the north-east of the country dicalcium phosphate was inferior to superphosphate, but it was equal to superphosphate in another group of swede experiments, most of which were on acid soils in wetter areas.A nitrophosphate made in England on pilot-plant scale was consistently inferior to superphosphate for barley, potatoes and swedes.

EFFECTS OF SOIL ACIDITY ON RHIZOBIA NUMBERS, NODULATION AND NITROGEN FIXATION BY ALFALFA AND RED CLOVER

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. RICE ◽  
D. C. PENNEY ◽  
M. NYBORG
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments

The effects of soil acidity on nitrogen fixation by alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) were investigated in field experiments at 28 locations, and in greenhouse experiments using soils from these locations. The pH of the soils (limed and unlimed) varied from 4.5 to 7.2. Rhizobia populations in the soil, nodulation, and relative forage yields (yield without N/yield with N) were measured in both the field and greenhouse experiments. Rhizobium meliloti numbers, nodulation scores, and relative yields of alfalfa decreased sharply as the pH of the soils decreased below 6.0. For soils with pH 6.0 or greater, there was very little effect of pH on any of the above factors for alfalfa. Soil pH in the range studied had no effect on nodulation scores and relative yields of red clover. However, R. trifolii numbers were reduced when the pH of the soil was less than 4.9. These results demonstrate that hydrogen ion concentration is an important factor limiting alfalfa growth on acid soils of Alberta and northeastern British Columbia, but it is less important for red clover. This supports the continued use of measurements of soil pH, as well as plant-available Al and Mn for predicting crop response to lime.

Improved growth and yield of Faba beans (Vicia faba cv. Fiord) by inoculation with strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar. viciae in acid soils in south west Victoria

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 613 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Carter ◽  
WK Gardner ◽  
AH Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Commercial Strain ◽  
South West ◽  
Faba Beans

The response of faba beans (Vicia faba L. cv. Fiord) to seed inoculation with eight strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar. viciae was examined in field experiments at six sites on acid soils in south-west Victoria. At two of the sites, two additional strains were examined, and in 1988, 14 strains were examined at one site. Very low natural populations of R. leguminosarum bv. viciae were found at the experimental sites. Most strains resulted in improved early nodulation and increased grain yield at all sites, when compared to inoculation with the commercial strain of rhizobia (SU391). Plant dry matter production and nitrogen accumulation in the plant shoot tissue was also increased at one site during the flowering period by some strains. Large visual differences between plots inoculated with SU391 and other strains were evident at most sites. Most uninoculated treatments were not nodulated and yielded very poorly. Treatments inoculated with the strain SU391 performed similarly to the uninoculated treatments.

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE SOIL ACIDITY PROBLEM IN ALBERTA AND NORTHEASTERN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. PENNEY ◽  
M. NYBORG ◽  
P. B. HOYT ◽  
W. A. RICE ◽  
B. SIEMENS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Crop Species

The amount of cultivated acid soil in Alberta and northeastern British Columbia was estimated from pH values of farm samples analyzed by the Alberta Soil Testing Laboratory, and the effect of soil acidity on crops was assessed from field experiments on 28 typical acid soils. The field experiments consisted of two cultivars of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and one cultivar each of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) grown with and without lime for 2 yr. There are about 30,000 ha of soils with a pH of 5.0 or less where soil acidity seriously restricts yields of all four crop species. There are approximately 300,000 ha with a soil pH of 5.1–5.5 where liming will on the average increase yields of alfalfa by 100%, yields of barley by 10–15%, and yields of rapeseed and red clover by 5–10%. There are a further 1,600,000 ha where soil pH ranges from 5.6 to 6.0 and liming will increase yields of alfalfa by approximately 50% and yields of barley, rapeseed and red clover by at least 4–5%.

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